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1.
Advantages of treating sponge-gourd waste by mechanical refining on the properties of fiber-based poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/polylactide biocomposites
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CORREIA, THIAGO R.
; ALMEIDA, RENAN HENRIQUES G.
; CAMPOS, GUSTAVO N.
; SANTOS, CAIO C.
; COLAÇO, MARCOS VINICIUS
; FIGUEIREDO, MARCO ANTONIO G.
; SOUSA, ANA MARIA F.
; SILVA, ANA LÚCIA N.
.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
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Abstract This study compares the morphology, thermal, and dynamic-mechanical properties of composites based on polybutylene adipate terephthalate/polylactide biocomposites with sponge gourd waste treated code as R, and non-treated sponge gourd, coded as NR, by mechanical disc refining after milled process. Extrusion followed by compression molding was used to produce biocomposites with fiber contents of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15% wt/wt for R and NR sponge gourd fibers. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals that NR has the morphology of a rigid tubular shape, whereas R is a thinner, twisted, and fibrillated fiber. Regardless of the type of sponge gourd fiber used, the thermal stability of the composite decreases as the sponge gourd content increases. At 25°C, the biocomposite with 10%wt/wt R fiber has the highest storage modulus value. The comparison of Tangent peak values reveals that the presence of sponge gourd fibers reduces the energy dissipation of the biocomposites. The analysis of the loss modulus at 25°C reveals that R fiber contributes more to the reduction of energy dissipation of the biocomposites than NR. Furthermore, the Cole-Cole plot shows that R and NR fibers are dispersed and do not significantly change the homogeneity of the biopolymer systems.
2.
Effects of herbal choline as a replacement for choline chloride on myopathy, locomotor system, and hepatic health of broilers
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Dias, Allan Gabriel Ferreira
; Santin, Ana Paula Iglesias
; Brasileiro, Júlio César Lopes
; Leite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto
; Stringhini, José Henrique
; Gouveia, Alison Batista Vieira Silva
; Silva, Júlia Marixara Sousa da
; Café, Marcos Barcellos
.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing choline chloride with a plant source of choline on the locomotor system, liver health, and development of breast myopathies in broilers aged 1-42 days of age. We allocated 1,120 one-day-old Cobb broilers to four treatment groups and fed them commercial diets based on corn and soybean meal. The treatments included choline in the form of 1,800.00 mg/kg choline chloride; 1,350.00 mg/kg choline chloride + 450.00 mg/kg herbal choline; 900.00 mg/kg choline chloride + 900.00 mg/kg herbal choline; and 1,000.00 mg/kg herbal choline. Each treatment group had eight replications. Throughout the experiment, gait score, footpad dermatitis, hock burn, and leg deformities (valgus and varus) were evaluated in the birds at 28 and 35 days of age. After slaughter, parameters such as breast myopathies, tibial dyschondroplasia score, and histological slides of the pectoral muscle, liver, and proximal tibial epiphysis were assessed. The results demonstrated good hepatic and locomotor health in the broilers, as no classical signs of choline deficiency were observed. Statistical analyses indicated no significant differences between treatments in terms of liver and locomotor health, suggesting that broilers fed diets supplemented with the plant source did not experience choline deficiency. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found between treatments regarding breast myopathies. Overall, the tested choline plant source can effectively replace choline chloride in broiler diets.
3.
Art and science: impact of semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral singing on quality of life in subjects with congenital GH deficiency
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Andrade, Bruna M. R. de
; Valença, Eugenia H. O.
; Salvatori, Roberto
; Oliveira Neto, Luiz A.
; Souza, Anita H. O.
; Oliveira, Alaíde H. A.
; Oliveira, Mario C.P.
; Melo, Enaldo V.
; Carvalho, Susana de
; Sales, Neuza J
; Monteiro, Gisane C.
; Lima, José Marcel de
; Annunziato, Marcos Felipe Harder
; Mannis, Guilherme Daniel Breternitz
; Souza, Lucas E. de A.
; Goes, Yasmin D.
; Carvalho, Thayza S.
; Farias, Celiane de
; Santos, Michela P. dos
; Cardoso, Gabriela P. F.
; Sousa, Carla S. Pereira
; Santana, Julia Rodrigues
; Sales, Ester Almeida
; d’Avila, Jeferson Sampaio
; Aguiar-Oliveira, Manuel H.
.
ABSTRACT Objectives: Currently, not much is known about the interactions between voice and growth hormone (GH). We have described large kindred with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a GHRH receptor mutation, resulting in severe short stature and high-pitched voice. These IGHD individuals have little interest in GH treatment, as they consider themselves “short long-lived people”, rather than patients. Interestingly, they report normal general quality of life, but they rate their Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) as low. Here, we assessed the social and auditory-perceptual impacts of artistic-intervention voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) and choral singing, on their voices. Material and methods: Seventeen GH-naïve adult IGHD individuals were enrolled in a single-arm interventional pre-post study with 13 weekly sessions of choir singing over 90 days. Outcome measures were V-RQOL scores, self-assessment of voice, and auditory-perceptual analysis (GRBAS scale, G: grade of the severity of dysphonia; R: roughness; B: breathiness; A: asthenia; and S: strain). Results: Marked improvements in total (p = 0.0001), physical (p = 0.0002), and socioemotional (p = 0.0001) V-RQOL scores and in self-assessment of voice (p = 0.004) were found. The general grades of vocal deviation (p = 0.0001), roughness (p = 0.0001), breathiness (p = 0.0001) and strain (p = 0.0001) exhibited accentuated reductions. Conclusions: Voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral training improved social impact and perceptual voice assessments in IGHD subjects and markedly improved their voice-related quality of life. This is particularly important in a setting where GH replacement therapy is not widely accepted.
4.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Apremilast: A Study Using Ketoreductases and Lipases
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Vega, Kimberly B.
; Cruz, Daniel M. V.
; Oliveira, Artur R. T.
; Silva, Marcos R. da
; Lemos, Telma L. G. de
; Oliveira, Maria C. F.
; Bernardo, Ricardo D. S.
; Sousa, Jackson R. de
; Zanatta, Geancarlo
; Nasário, Fábio D.
; Marsaioli, Anita J.
; Mattos, Marcos C. de
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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The key step in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of apremilast was to produce the chiral alcohol (R)-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethanol, (R)-3. Two enzymatic approaches were evaluated to obtain (R)-3, one using ketoreductases and the other lipases. Bioreduction of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethanone (2), using ketoreductase KRED-P2-D12, led to (R)-3 with 48% conversion and 93% enantiomeric excess (ee). Kinetic resolution of rac-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl acetate (rac-4), via hydrolysis reaction, with 20% of n-butanol, catalyzed by lipase from Aspergillus niger yielded (R)-3 with > 99% ee, 50% conversion and E-value (enantiomeric ratio) > 200. The reaction between enantiomerically pure (R)-3 and 4-acetylamino-isoindol-1,3-dione (8) afforded apremilast in 65% yield and 67% ee.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210012
180 downloads
5.
Mineral Nutrients and Plant-Fungal Interaction in Cocoa Trees (Theobroma cacao L.)
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Sousa Filho, Hélio R.
; Jesus, Raildo M. de
; Bezerra, Marcos A.
; Silva, Vinnícius H. C. da
; Silva Jr., André L. S. da
; Alves, Juscelia P. S.
; Santana, Gregório M.
; Souza Jr., José O. de
.
An infection of the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa in cocoa trees reduces productivity of the plant. In this study, the concentrations of mineral nutrients in healthy leaves and in leaves of vegetative broom of the cocoa plant were determined, and the relationship between the disease and the nutritional composition of the leaves was assessed. The samples were analyzed using the wet digestion method and the concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and the Kjeldahl method. Results indicate that leaves of vegetative broom have lower concentrations of Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, and Ni than healthy leaves. Concentrations of P and Cu were lower in healthy leaves and higher in leaves of vegetative broom. In contrast, concentrations of K, N, and Zn were the same for both types of leaves. In short, plant-fungal interaction was reflected in the nutritional composition of the leaves, demonstrated by the differences in nutrient concentrations between healthy and infected leaf tissue.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200184
351 downloads
6.
Concentration of Metals in Plant Litter Produced in Regions of Caatinga in Southwest Bahia, Brazil
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Lima, Joaly S. S. O.
; Gomes, Ivaldo S.
; Cerqueira, Uillian M. F. M.
; Carneiro, Paulo L. S.
; Sousa Filho, Hélio R.
; Jesus, Raildo M. de
; Bezerra, Marcos A.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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Plant litter has several functions in a forest ecosystem. Studies about plant litter are of great importance to better understand and conserve ecological environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration of metals (Fe, Co, Ca, Cu, Ni, Mg, Mn and Zn) in Caatinga plant litter in the southwest region of Bahia. Plant litter was collected in summer (January/2017) and winter (August/2017). Concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The results were submitted to multivariate analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The average amount of plant litter found in January and August was 1190 and 1329 kg ha-1, respectively. The twigs fraction provided the largest amount of biomass to the plant litter since this deposition occurred in greater quantity in August, a period of drought. Metal concentrations (g kg-1) in the analyzed samples ranged from 1.39-257 (Fe), < limit of quantification (LOQ)-0.269 (Co), 0.0036-0.61 (Cu), 1.39-8.76 (Ca), 0.0022-0.56 (Ni), 0.137-1.52 (Mg), 0.033-1.91 (Mn) and 0.0022-0.8 (Zn). The multivariate analysis showed that the composition of plant litter is altered seasonally.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200029
206 downloads
7.
Sesame production and composition compared with conventional forages
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Amorim, Diego Sousa
; Edvan, Ricardo Loiola
; Nascimento, Romilda Rodrigues do
; Bezerra, Leilson Rocha
; Araújo, Marcos Jácome
; Silva, Alex Lopes da
; Diogénes, Luciana Viana
; Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes de
.
ABSTRACT Sesamum indicum L. has the potential to be cultivated as a forage plant in hot and dry climate regions, and it can be used to increase the food security of a herd. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, production, and chemical composition of S. indicum compared with conventional forages used for silage production. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with split-plots related to time and four replicates per treatment. The plots consisted of four treatments (Zea mays L., Helianthus annuus L., Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br., and S. indicum), and the subplots were two evaluation periods (2014 and 2016 harvests). Dry forage biomass production differed among the species in the 2014 harvest with values of 25 530, 12 190, 9408, and 9250 kg ha-1 for Z. mays, S. indicum, H. annuus, and P. glaucum, respectively. Maize had a greater variation in forage production between the 2 yr, followed by S. indicum. There were higher dry matter (DM) contents (P < 0.0001) for Z. mays and S. indicum (404.5 and 251.7 g kg-1, respectively). Regarding crude protein, H. annuus and S. indicum had levels of 167.2 and 117.7 g kg-1, respectively. According to the results, it can be inferred that sesame, like millet, provides greater feeding security for ruminant herds in regions with irregular rainfall.
805 downloads
8.
Molecular detection of vector borne pathogens in anemic and thrombocytopenic dogs in southern Brazil
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Mongruel, Anna Cláudia Baumel
; Ikeda, Priscila
; Sousa, Keyla Carstens Marques de
; Benevenute, Jyan Lucas
; Falbo, Margarete Kimie
; Machado, Rosangela Zacarias
; Carrasco, Adriano de Oliveira Torres
; André, Marcos Rogério
; Seki, Meire Christina
.
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária
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Resumo Agentes transmitidos por artrópodes têm grande importância na medicina veterinária devido à sua capacidade de causar doenças graves em seus hospedeiros. O presente estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de três patógenos transmitidos por vetores, Ehrlichia canis, Rangelia vitalii e Hepatozoon canis, em cães na região sul do Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue total de 75 cães domésticos que apresentavam anemia e/ou trombocitopenia, em Guarapuava, Paraná, Brasil. As amostras de DNA foram submetidas à técnica de PCR convencional para E. canis (dsb), piroplasmídeos (18S rRNA) e Hepatozoon spp. (18S rRNA), seguida de sequenciamento e análises filogenéticas. Das 75 amostras, uma (1,33%) foi positiva para Hepatozoon spp. e seis (8%) foram positivas para Babesia spp. Nenhuma amostra mostrou resultados positivos para Ehrlichia spp. utilizando a detecção pelo gene dsb. As análises filogenéticas revelaram que três sequências obtidas foram agrupadas no mesmo clado que R. vitalii , enquanto uma foi agrupada juntamente com B. vogeli. A única sequência obtida pelo protocolo de PCR para Hepatozoon spp. foi agrupada juntamente com H. canis. Assim, é justificada necessidade de diferenciação das espécies de piroplasmas, através do diagnóstico molecular, como agentes etiológicos nos casos clínicos de hemoparasitose canina, considerando o potencial patogênico de R. vitalii quando comparado à B. vogeli.
Abstract Arthropod-borne pathogens are medically important because of their ability to cause diseases in their hosts. The purpose of this study was to detect the occurrence of Ehrlichia spp., piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp. in dogs with anemia and thrombocytopenia in southern Brazil. EDTA-whole blood was collected from 75 domestic dogs presenting anemia or/and thrombocytopenia from Guarapuava, state of Paraná, Brazil. DNA samples were subjected to conventional PCR assays for Ehrlichia spp. (dsb), piroplasmids (18S rRNA) and Hepatozoon spp. (18S rRNA), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Among the 75 dogs, one (1.33%) was positive for Hepatozoon sp. and six (8%) were positive for piroplasmids in 18S rRNA cPCR assays. None of the dogs showed positive results in Ehrlichia spp.-cPCR targeting dsb gene. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that three piroplasm sequences were clustered with Rangellia vitalii, while one sequence was grouped with B. vogeli. The only sequence obtained from Hepatozoon spp.-PCR protocol was pooled with H. canis. Therefore, there is urgent need for differential molecular diagnosis of the two piroplasm species cited as etiological agents in clinical cases of canine hemoparasitic diseases, given the higher pathogenic potential of R. vitalii than of B. vogeli.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-296120180069
1099 downloads
9.
NEW DEGRADED QUINONE DITERPENOID FROM THE STEMS OF Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth. (Malpighiaceae)
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Sousa, Lorena R. F. de
; Santos, Marcos H. F.
; Severino, Vanessa G. P.
; Severino, Richele P.
; Vieira, Paulo C.
.
A chemical investigation of two specimens of Byrsonima coccolobifolia collected in the southeast cerrado and from central Brazil was performed. A new degraded diterpenoid, byrsonimaquinone, was isolated from the stems along with known compounds. This is the first study on the roots of B. coccolobifolia, and several triterpenes, such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid, and glochidonol, along with a mixture of stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol, were identified. These compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, GC-MS and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170173
615 downloads
10.
Dependency and Response of Apuleia leiocarpa to Inoculation with Different Species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
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Oliveira Júnior, Joel Quintino de
; Jesus, Ederson da Conceição
; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio
; Camara, Rodrigo
; Fonseca Júnior, Ariovaldo Machado
; Sousa, Ana Carolina Oliveira
.
ABSTRACT Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a strategy to improve the efficiency of forest plantations, reducing costs and increasing the survival of plant species. The objective of this study was to assess the response and mycorrhizal dependency of seedlings of the forest species Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F. Macbr to inoculation with AMF. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement with six replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of five P rates (0, 24, 71, 213, and 650 mg kg-1) with five types of inoculations with AMF (inoculation with the fungi Rhizophagus clarus, Gigaspora margarita, Dentiscutata heterogama, inoculation with an AMF mix of these three species, and a treatment without inoculation). The A. leiocarpa showed the highest biomass accumulations in inoculation with D. hetorogama combined with the P rates of 213 and 650 mg kg-1, and in the AMF mix combined with the P rates of 71, 213, and 650 kg-1. Biomass accumulation showed a linear, positive response to inoculation with D. heterogama combined with the different P rates, and a positive square root fit to inoculation with the AMF mix. The plants inoculated with G. margarita had no significant biomass accumulation. The plant species had a positive response to inoculation with R. clarus combined with the lowest P rates; however, it had a negative response to combination with the highest P rate (650 mg kg-1). The relative benefit of inoculation with these fungi was more than 100 % in most treatments, showing the high mycorrhizal dependency of A. leiocarpa and the nutritional benefit of AMF inoculation for this species. However, this response is dependent on the fungus species that colonize the plant roots. The best combination between fungus and P rate was inoculation with the AMF mix combined with the P rate of 71 mg kg-1.
https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20160174
8863 downloads
11.
Quantum efficiency of photosystem II and production of orange under salt stress and nitrogen fertilization
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Sousa, Jônatas R. M. de
; Gheyi, Hans R.
; Brito, Marcos E. B.
; Lacerda, Claudivan F. de
; Silva, Francisco V. da
; Soares, Frederico A. L.
.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
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RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a tolerância ao estresse salino da laranjeira 'Mimo do Céu' enxertada em três porta-enxertos utilizando como parâmetros fisiológicos, a eficiência quântica do fotossistema II e a produção de frutos. Também se avaliou a eficiência máxima do incremento da adubação nitrogenada na redução dos efeitos do estresse salino; para tanto foram realizados dois experimentos concomitantes em condições controladas e com auxílio de lisímetros de drenagem. No Experimento I foram estudados em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, cinco níveis de salinidade da água e três combinações de copa/porta-enxerto e no Experimento II estudou-se a aplicação de duas doses de N (100 e 200% da recomendação) em plantas das três combinações de copa/porta-enxerto irrigadas com águas de condutividade elétrica de 3,0 dS m-1, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 com três repetições. A eficiência máxima quântica do PSII foi inibida nas plantas cítricas com estresse salino; já o aumento do teor salino da água de irrigação reduz a produção de frutos e a laranjeira 'Mimo do Céu' enxertada no Limoeiro Cravo 'Comum' possui maior potencial produtivo. O aumento na fertilização nitrogenada não reduziu os efeitos da salinidade sobre a produção total de frutos.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the salt tolerance of 'Mimo do Céu' orange grafted onto three rootstocks using physiological parameters such as maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and the production of fruits. It also evaluated the effectiveness of increased nitrogen (N) fertilization in reducing the effects of salt stress. Two concomitant experiments were carried out under controlled conditions, using drainage lysimeters. The Experiment I evaluated the effects of the application of five levels of saline water on three combinations of scion-rootstocks grafted with 'Mimo de Ceu' orange, in a randomized block design with three replicates in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme. The Experiment II evaluated the application of two N levels (100 and 200% of recommendation) in three scion-rootstock combinations irrigated with water of electrical conductivity of 3.0 dS m-1, in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The maximum quantum efficiency of PSII was inhibited in citrus plants under salt stress. 'Mimo do Ceu' orange grafted onto 'Common' Rangpur lime has higher yield potential. The increase in N dose did not reduce the deleterious effects of water salinity on fruit production.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n5p434-440
1560 downloads
12.
Use of Doehlert and constrained mixture designs in the development of a photo-oxidation procedure using UV radiation/H2O2 for decomposition of landfill leachate samples and determination of metals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
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Bezerra, Marcos A.
; Souza, Antônio D.S.
; Oliveira, Rafael V.
; Oliveira, Djalma M.
; Cardoso, Luiz A.M.
; Sousa Filho, Hélio R.
.
Este trabalho propõe o uso de degradação por foto-oxidação com radiação ultravioleta e H2O2 como técnica de tratamento de amostras para a determinação de Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni e Co a partir de chorume de aterro sanitário municipal usando espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (FAAS). Três variáveis (pH, tempo de irradiação e concentração de tampão) foram otimizadas usando planejamento Doehlert e as proporções dos componentes da mistura submetida à irradiação ultravioleta (chorume, solução tampão e H2O2 30% v/v) foram otimizadas usando-se um planejamento de misturas com restrições. Usando as condições experimentais estabelecidas, este procedimento forneceu limites de detecção de 0,075; 0,025; 0,010; 0,075 e 0,041 µg mL-1, e os níveis de precisão, expressos como desvio padrão relativo (%RSD, 0,5 µg mL-1) foram 3,6; 1,8; 1,3; 3,3 e 1,7% pra Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni e Co respectivamente. Testes de recuperação foram realizados para avaliação da exatidão do procedimento e as recuperações encontradas estavam entre 92 e 106% para os metais estudados. Este procedimento foi aplicado nas amostras de chorume coletadas no município de Jequié, região sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil. Os resultados foram comparados com aqueles obtidos pelo procedimento de digestão em meio ácido. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os resultados obtidos nos dois métodos com base no teste t-pareado a um nível de confiança de 95%.
This work proposes the use of photo-oxidation degradation with UV radiation/H2O2 as sample treatment for the determination of Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni and Co in municipal solid waste landfill leachate by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Three variables (pH, irradiation time and buffer concentration) were optimized using Doehlert design and the proportions of mixture components submitted to UV radiation (leachate sample, buffer solution and H2O2 30%, v/v) were optimized using a constrained mixture design. Using the experimental conditions established, this procedure allows limits of detection of 0.075, 0.025, 0.010, 0.075 and 0.041 µg mL-1, and the precision levels expressed as relative standard (%RSD, 0.5 µg mL-1) were 3.6, 1.8, 1.3, 3.3 and 1.7%, for Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Co respectively. Recovery tests were carried out for evaluation of the procedure accuracy and recoveries were between 92 and 106% for the studied metals. This procedure has been applied for the analysis of the landfill leachate collected in Jequié, a city of the southwestern region of the State of Bahia, Brazil. The results were compared with those obtained by acid digestion. There was no significant difference between the results obtained by the two methods based on paired t-test at 95% confidence level.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140258
3194 downloads
13.
Evaluation of Two Statistical Tools (Least Squares Regression and Artificial Neural Network) in the Multivariate Optimization of Solid-Phase Extraction for Cadmium Determination in Leachate Samples
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Este trabalho propõe a otimização multivariada de um procedimento para determinação de cádmio em amostras de chorume usando-se espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama após a extração em fase sólida usando-se uma minicoluna empacotada com Amberlite XAD-4 modificada com ácido 3,4-diidróxibenzoico. As variáveis relacionadas à pré-concentração (pH, razão de amostragem e concentração do tampão) foram otimizadas usando-se planejamento Doehlert. Duas ferramentas para modelagem estatística (regressão por mínimos quadrados e redes neurais artificiais) foram aplicadas aos dados e seus desempenhos foram comparados. Procedimentos de digestão do chorume por aquecimento em meio ácido e por radiação ultravioleta foram avaliados sendo este último mais adequado para evitar a perda de Cd por volatilização. O procedimento desenvolvido apresentou um fator de enriquecimento de 9 vezes com limites de detecção e de quantificação (3sb) de 0,72 e 2,4 µg L-1, respectivamente, e precisão - expressa como porcentagem do desvio padrão relativo - de 4,0 e 6,4% (RSD%, n = 4 para 5,0 e 20,0 µg L-1, respectivamente). Testes de adição/recuperação de Cd foram realizados obtendo-se valores entre 97 e 112%. O procedimento foi aplicado na determinação de cádmio em amostras de chorume coletadas no aterro sanitário do município de Jaguaquara-BA, Brasil.
This work proposes the use of multivariate optimization as a procedure for cadmium determination in leachate samples via flame atomic absorption spectrometry after solid phase extraction using a minicolumn packed with Amberlite XAD-4 modified with 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The variables related with the preconcentration (pH, sampling flow rate and buffer concentration) were optimized using Doehlert design. Two statistical modeling tools (least squares regression and artificial neural networks) have been applied to the data and their performances were compared. Digestion procedures of the leachate by heating in acid medium and ultraviolet radiation were evaluated being the latter more appropriate to prevent loss of Cd by volatilization. The developed procedure has promoted an enrichment factor of 9, with detection and quantification limits (3sb) of 0.72 and 2.4 µg L-1, respectively, and precision - expressed as relative standard deviation percentage - of 4.0 and 6.4% (RSD%, n = 4 for 5.0 and 20.0 µg L-1, respectively). Addition/recovery tests for Cd were carried out and values between 97 and 112% were obtained. The procedure was applied for cadmium determination in leachate samples collected at the sanitary landfill of Jaguaquara-BA, Brazil.
https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140211
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14.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
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15.
Obtenção de suco de caju atomizado através do controle das condições de secagem
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Rocha, Érica M. F. F.
; Sousa, Sanyelle L.
; Costa, Janaina de P. da
; Rodrigues, Sueli
; Afonso, Marcos R. A.
; Costa, José M. C. da
.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
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O suco de caju é um produto amplamente consumido no Brasil, sobretudo na região Nordeste. Sua desidratação pelo processo de spray-dryer se mostra como alternativa relevante para aproveitar o excedente de produção. Dentro deste contexto este trabalho tem, como objetivo, estabelecer a melhor condição operacional de secagem em spray-dryer visando à obtenção de suco de caju em pó através de um planejamento composto central rotacional. Também foi realizada a caracterização físico-química do suco integral quanto do suco em pó de caju obtido através da melhor condição operacional do planejamento. O planejamento experimental utilizado não apresentou diferença significativa ao nível de 0,05 de probabilidade revelando que o modelo não foi ajustado aos dados, porém é possível se observar, qualitativamente, uma zona ótima de processo. Os principais resultados dos parâmetros físicos e físico-químicos para o suco integral de caju e o suco em pó no que se refere à umidade, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, vitamina C foram, respectivamente: 90,02-1,04%; 3,92-3,88; 0,31-0,40%; 10,60-98,67 ºBrix; 1592,71-282,67 mg 100g-1.
Cashew juice is a product that is widely consumed in Brazil, mainly in northeast Brazil. Dehydrating this juice by spray-drying is an important alternative to use the production excess. Given the above, this study aimed to establishing the best spray-drying operational conditions to obtain the powder cashew, by means of a rotational center composite design. The physicochemical characterization of both the integral juice and the powder juice, obtained from the best operational conditions was also carried out. The experimental design used did not show any significant difference at 0.05 level of probability, which highlighted that the model was not adjusted to the data. However, it was possible to observe a qualitative optimum in the process. The main results for physical and physicochemical parameters for both the integral cashew juice and the powder juice, concerning humidity, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, vitamin C were, respectively: 90.02-1.04%; 3.92-3.88%; 0.31- 0.40%; 10.60-98.67 ºBrix; 1592.71-282.67 mg 100g-1.
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