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Abstract The limitation in the quality of water sources for irrigation in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil is increasingly present, so it is necessary to use water with high concentrations of salts for agricultural production, which makes the use of elicitors essential to mitigate the harmful effects of salinity on plants. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid on the mineral composition and production of guava plants under salt stress conditions in the post-grafting phase. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.6 and 3.2 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 mM), with three replicates. During the flowering stage of guava, N, P, and K contents accumulated in the leaves according to the following order of concentration: N > K > P. Foliar application of 1.2 mM of salicylic acid increases the leaf contents of N, P, and K in guava plants grown under irrigation with water of 0.6 dS m-1. Water salinity of 3.2 dS m-1 reduces the growth and production components of guava plants.

Resumo A limitação na qualidade das fontes hídricas para irrigação na região semiárida do Nordeste é cada vez mais presente, tornando-se necessário o uso de águas com altas concentrações de sais para produção agrícola, o que torna indispensável à utilização de elicitores para atenuar os efeitos deletérios da salinidade sobre as plantas. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico na composição mineral e na produção de plantas de goiabeira sob condições de estresse salino na fase pós-enxertia. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, sendo dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (0,6 e 3,2 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico (0; 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6 mM), com três repetições. Durante a fase de floração da goiabeira, os teores de N, P, K, se acumularam nas folhas segundo a ordem de concentração N > K > P. A aplicação foliar de 1,2 mM de ácido salicílico aumentou os teores foliares de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio nas plantas de goiabeira cultivadas sob irrigação com água de 0,6 dS m-1. A salinidade da água de 3,2 dS m-1 diminuiu o crescimento e os componentes de produção das plantas de goiabeira.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.272615

[SciELO Preprints] - Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology on Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy
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Marin-Neto, José Antonio Rassi Jr., Anis Moraes Oliveira, Gláucia M. Lemos Correia, Luís Claudio Novaes Ramos Jr., Alberto Hasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel Luquetti Ostermayer, Alejandro Sousa, Andréa Silvestre de Amato Vincenzo de Paola, Angelo Sobral de Sousa, Antonio Carlos Pinho Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz Correia Filho, Dalmo Moraes de Souza, Dilma do Socorro Cunha-Neto, Edecio J. A. Ramires, Felix Bacal, Fernando Pereira Nunes, Maria do Carmo Martinelli Filho, Martino Ibrahim Scanavacca, Maurício Magalhães Saraiva, Roberto Alves de Oliveira Júnior, Wilson M. Lorga-Filho, Adalberto de Jesus Benevides de Almeida Guimarães, Adriana Lopes Latado Braga, Adriana Sarmento de Oliveira, Adriana V. L. Sarabanda, Alvaro Yecê das Neves Pinto, Ana Assis Lopes do Carmo, André Schmidt, André Costa, Andréa Rodrigues da Ianni, Barbara Maria Markman Filho, Brivaldo Eduardo Rochitte, Carlos Thé Macedo, Carolina Mady, Charles Chevillard, Christophe Bittencourt das Virgens, Cláudio Marcelo Nery de Castro, Cleudson De Paoli de Carvalho Britto, Constança Felícia Pisani, Cristiano do Carmo Rassi, Daniela C. Sobral Filho, Dario Rodrigues Almeida, Dirceu A. Bocchi, Edimar T. Mesquita, Evandro de Souza Nogueira Sardinha Mendes, Fernanda Pereira, Francisca Tatiana Sperandio da Silva, Gilberto Marcelo de Lima Peixoto, Giselle Glotz de Lima, Gustavo H. Veloso, Henrique Turin Moreira, Henrique Bellotti Lopes, Hugo Masciarelli Francisco Pinto, Ibraim Pinto Dias, João Carlos Bemfica, João Marcos Silva-Nunes, João Paulo Soares Barreto-Filho, José Augusto Kerr Saraiva, José Francisco Lannes-Vieira, Joseli Menezes Oliveira, Joselina Luzia V. Armaganijan, Luciana Martins, Luiz Cláudio C. Sangenis, Luiz Henrique Barbosa, Marco Paulo Almeida-Santos, Marcos Antônio Simões, Marcos Vinicius Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida Vieira Moreira, Maria da Consolação Higuchi, Maria de Lourdes Costa Monteiro, Maria Rita de Cássia Felix Mediano, Mauro Felippe Maia Lima, Mayara T. Oliveira, Maykon Moreira Dias Romano , Minna Nitz, Nadjar de Tarso Jorge Medeiros, Paulo Vieira Alves, Renato Alkmim Teixeira, Ricardo Coury Pedrosa, Roberto Aras, Roque Morais Torres, Rosália dos Santos Povoa, Rui Manoel Rassi, Sérgio Gabriel Salles Xavier, Sérgio Marinho Martins Alves , Silvia B. N. Tavares, Suelene Lima Palmeira, Swamy da Silva Junior, Telêmaco Luiz da Rocha Rodrigues, Thiago Madrini Junior, Vagner Maia da Costa , Veruska Dutra, Walderez

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Publication date: 2022-10-11

Abstract: En Pt

This guideline aimed to update the concepts and formulate the standards of conduct and scientific evidence that support them, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, with special emphasis on the rationality base that supported it.nbsp; Chagas disease in the 21st century maintains an epidemiological pattern of endemicity in 21 Latin American countries. Researchers and managers from endemic and non-endemic countries point to the need to adopt comprehensive public health policies to effectively control the interhuman transmission of T. cruzi infection, and to obtain an optimized level of care for already infected individuals, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunistic opportunities. nbsp; Pathogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease were revisited after in-depth updating and the notion that necrosis and fibrosis are stimulated by tissue parasitic persistence and adverse immune reaction, as fundamental mechanisms, assisted by autonomic and microvascular disorders, was well established. Some of them have recently formed potential targets of therapies.nbsp; The natural history of the acute and chronic phases was reviewed, with enhancement for oral transmission, indeterminate form and chronic syndromes. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies have estimated the risk of evolution from acute and indeterminate forms and mortality after chronic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches applicable to individuals with Indeterminate form of Chagas disease were specifically addressed. All methods to detect structural and/or functional alterations with various cardiac imaging techniques were also reviewed, with recommendations for use in various clinical scenarios. Mortality risk stratification based on the Rassi score, with recent studies of its application, was complemented by methods that detect myocardial fibrosis.nbsp; The current methodology for etiological diagnosis and the consequent implications of trypanonomic treatment deserved a comprehensive and in-depth approach. Also the treatment of patients at risk or with heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, based on pharmacological and complementary resources, received special attention. Additional chapters supported the conducts applicable to several special contexts, including t. cruzi/HIV co-infection, risk during surgeries, in pregnant women, in the reactivation of infection after heart transplantation, and others.nbsp; nbsp;nbsp; Finally, two chapters of great social significance, addressing the structuring of specialized services to care for individuals with the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, and reviewing the concepts of severe heart disease and its medical-labor implications completed this guideline.

Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidências científicas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ênfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou. A DC no século XXI mantém padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade em 21 países da América Latina. Investigadores e gestores de países endêmicos e não endêmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem políticas abrangentes, de saúde pública, para controle eficaz da transmissão inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nível otimizado de atendimento aos indivíduos já infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnóstica e terapêutica. Mecanismos patogênicos e fisiopatológicos da CDC foram revisitados após atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistência parasitária tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distúrbios autonômicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituíram alvos potenciais de terapêuticas. A história natural das fases aguda e crônica foi revista, com realce para a transmissão oral, a forma indeterminada e as síndromes crônicas. Metanálises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade após instalação da cardiomiopatia crônica. Condutas terapêuticas aplicáveis aos indivíduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os métodos para detectar alterações estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas técnicas de imageamento cardíaco também foram revisados, com recomendações de uso nos vários cenários clínicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por métodos que detectam fibrose miocárdica. A metodologia atual para diagnóstico etiológico e as consequentes implicações do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. Também o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembólicos, baseado em recursos farmacológicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. Capítulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicáveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grávidas, na reativação da infecção após transplante cardíacos, e outros.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Por fim, dois capítulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivíduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicações médico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz.nbsp;

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.4820

INDUCTION OF POLYPLOIDY IN WATERMELON GENOTYPE WITH POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE (Podosphaera xanthii)
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SILVA, CARLA MARIA DE JESUS

; DIAS, RITA DE CÁSSIA SOUZA

; SANTOS, JOICE SIMONE DOS

; SOUZA, FLÁVIO DE FRANÇA

; MELO, NATONIEL FRANKLIN DE

Revista Caatinga

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sep 2022, Volume 35 N. 3 Pages 505 - 513

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A melancia triploide é muito apreciada pelos mercados mais exigentes, e, devido ao seu tamanho reduzido, torna-se ideal para consumo em famílias pequenas. Com o incremento de áreas cultivadas com melancia sem sementes no mundo, há demanda pelo desenvolvimento de germoplasma tetraploides para obtenção de híbridos triploides de melhor desempenho agronômico. Foram realizados dois ensaios com o objetivo de induzir poliploidia na Linhagem resistente ao oídio desenvolvida pela Embrapa Semiárido, LDRO, sob diferentes concentrações de colchicina e métodos de aplicação. As sementes foram tratadas com colchicina (0,0%; 0,1% e 0,2%) por 24h e 48h (Experimento 1) e sob diferentes métodos de aplicação de colchicina a 0,2% a) direto na semente (MDS) com e sem escarificação, b) sementes com emissão da radícula (MER), c) no ponto de inserção entre o hipocótilo e a raiz (MIHR), d) no ápice da plântula (MAP) e e) no hipocótilo invertido (MHI) (Experimento 2). Foi realizada a análise citogenética (contagem do número cromossômico), do número de cloroplastos por pares de células-guardas, número de estômatos, altura da plântula e diâmetro do hipocótilo. Na Linhagem LDRO, a duplicação cromossômica ocorreu em algumas células das plantas, mas não foi possível obter plantas 100% tetraploides. A colchicina a 0,2% por 48h sem escarificação mecânica induz a duplicação cromossômica em melancia. A análise do número de cloroplastos identifica os níveis de ploidia, de forma precoce, reduzindo o número de plantas, que serão avaliadas em citogenética, sendo que esta permite identificar com maior precisão os diferentes níveis de ploidia da planta.

ABSTRACT Triploid watermelon is highly appreciated by the most demanding markets, and due to its small size, it is ideal for consumption by small families. With the growth in areas cultivated with seedless watermelon worldwide, there is a demand for the development of tetraploid germplasm to obtain triploid hybrids with better agronomic performance. This study performed two tests to induce polyploidy in the powdery mildew–resistant line developed by Embrapa Semi-Arid, LDRO, under different colchicine concentrations and application methods. In Experiment 1, the seeds were treated with colchicine (0.0%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) for 24 h and 48 h. In Experiment 2, 0.2% colchicine was applied by different methods: (a) directly on the seed (MDS) with and without scarification, (b) on seeds with radicle emission (MER), (c) at the insertion point between the hypocotyl and the root (MIHR), (d) at the seedling apex (MAP), and (e) in the inverted hypocotyl (MHI). Chromosome count (cytogenetic analysis), number of chloroplasts per pair of guard cells, number of stomata, seedling height, and hypocotyl diameter were measured. In the LDRO line, chromosomal duplication occurred in some plant cells, but it was not possible to obtain 100% tetraploid plants. Colchicine (0.2%) for 48 h without mechanical scarification induced chromosomal duplication in watermelon. The analysis of the number of chloroplasts identified the level of ploidy early, reducing the number of plants needed to be evaluated by cytogenetics, which allowed us to more accurately identify the different levels of ploidy of the plant.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n301rc

Benzophenone Derivatives Showed Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activities by Inhibiting COX Enzymes and Promote Cyclin E Downregulation
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Folquitto, Laís R. S.

; Souza, Thiago B. de

; Januario, Jaqueline P.

; Nascimento, Isadora M.

; Brandão, Brenda T. V.

; Moreira, Maria E. C.

; Horvath, Renato O.

; Santos, Marcelo H.

; Coelho, Luiz F. L.

; Veloso, Marcia P.

; Soares, Marisi G.

; Carvalho, Diogo T.

; Ionta, Marisa

; Chagas-Paula, Daniela A.

; Dias, Danielle F.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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apr 2022, Volume 33 N. 4 Pages 348 - 360

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Considering the promising antitumor effects of compounds with dual anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities, thus benzophenones analogs (2-7) were evaluated on in vivo anti-inflammatory assay and molecular docking analysis. Those with the best molecular docking results were in vitro evaluated on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and tested regarding antiproliferative activity. All derivatives displayed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, the substances 2’-hydroxy-4’-benzoylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4-hydroxy-4’-methoxybenzophenone (5) and 4’-(4’’-methoxybenzoyl)phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) showed the best values of Glide Score in COX-2 docking evaluation and 4 and 5 selectively inhibited COX-2 and COX-1 in vitro enzymatic assay, respectively. Thus, 4 and 5 were tested against breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA MB-231, Hs578T) and non-small-cell-lung cancer (A549) cell lines. The estrogen-positive MCF-7 cell line was more responsive compared to other tested cell lines. They induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition in MCF-7 cell line once there was an increase in G0/G1 population with concomitant reduction of S population. The antiproliferative activity of these substances on MCF-7 was associated with their ability to inhibit cyclin E expression, a critical regulator of G1/S transition. Taken together, the data indicate that 4 and 5 have dual anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities and support further studies to evaluate their antitumor potential.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210154

Climatic Variation on Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Tabebuia roseoalba and Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Bignoniaceae)
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Ribeiro, João Everthon da Silva

; Coêlho, Ester dos Santos

; Souza, José Thyago Aires

; Melo, Marlenildo Ferreira

; Dias, Thiago Jardelino

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2022, Volume 65 elocation e22210338

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Climatic variation throughout the day influences the ecophysiological performance of plants at different growth stages and phases. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of climatic variation on ecophysiological aspects of T. roseoalba and H. heptaphyllus at different hours of the day and indicate the ideal time for measuring ecophysiological variables in these species. The research was carried out in a greenhouse at the forest nursery of the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus II, in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of 10 evaluation times throughout the day (from 8 am to 5 pm), with 1 h hour interval between each evaluation. Temperature and air relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouse were evaluated to understand the effect on gas exchange (net assimilation rate of CO2, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, internal concentration of CO2, and vapor-pressure deficit) and chlorophyll a fluorescence (initial, maximum, and variable fluorescence, photochemical quenching, and electron transport rate). Data were submitted to canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis to verify the relationship between climatic and ecophysiological variables. For both species, higher correlation was found between internal and external relative humidity with all the ecophysiological variables analyzed, except for initial fluorescence. Thus, climatic factors influenced the photosynthetic performance of T. roseoalba and H. heptaphyllus plants, and 8 am to 9 am is indicated for carrying out ecophysiological evaluations in both species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2022210338

Seep hunting in the Santos Basin, Southwest Atlantic: sampling strategy and employed methods of the multidisciplinary cruise BIOIL 1
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Sumida, Paulo Y. G.

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Lourenço, Rafael A.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Bendia, Amanda G.

; Carrerette, Orlemir

; Nakamura, Fernanda M.

; Ramos, Raissa B.

; Bergamo, Gilberto

; Souza, Bruno H. M.

; Butarelli, Ana C. A.

; Passos, Júlia G.

; Dias, Rodolfo J. S.

; Maly, Mascimiliano

; Banha, Thomás N. S.

; Güth, Arthur Z.

; Soares, Luiza F.

; Perugino, Paula D. N.

; Santos, Felipe R.

; Santana, Frederico R.

; Mahiques, Michel M. de

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 Suppl. 2 elocation e22031

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The continental margin off the southeastern Brazilian coast is punctuated by a series of geological-geomorphological features, such as subsurface saline diapirs and pockmarks at the seafloor interface, which evidence the abundant presence of oil and gas in the region. In several of these sites, hydrocarbons can be naturally released into the water column, areas are cold seep areas. These are marked by the presence of oil- and gas-dependent ecosystems, where specific organisms are able to fix carbon from hydrocarbon chemosynthesis. In addition, light hydrocarbon fluid flow through the sediment may build up authigenic carbonates that can be further colonized by cold-water corals, generating large carbonate mounds over geological time, normally positioned at the border of these pockmark features. The present work reports on a multidisciplinary oceanographic cruise carried out in the Santos Basin, SW Atlantic, to seek, map, and collect geological, chemical, and biological data from different deep-sea habitats. The cruise occurred in November 2019 on the R/V Alpha Crucis of the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP). We intended to discover and detail different geomorphological features, characterize free-living and symbiotic microorganisms, determine the chemosynthetic rates in relation to heterotrophic microbial production, and characterize the fauna and study their ecological and evolutionary links within and across ocean basins. All discoveries made during the cruise and their respective results will be presented separately in several papers that comprise this special volume.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.22077pygs

Inhibition of nitric oxide production of activated mice peritoneal macrophages is independent of the Toxoplasma gondii strain
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Damasceno-Sá, João Cláudio

; de Souza, Fernanda Silva

; dos Santos, Thiago Alves Teixeira

; de Oliveira, Fábio Conceição

; da Silva, Maria de Fátima Sarro

; Dias, Raul Ramos Furtado

; de Souza, Wanderley

; Arnholdt, Andrea Cristina Veto

; Seabra, Sergio Henrique

; DaMatta, Renato Augusto

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2021, Volume 116 elocation e200417

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis and is controlled by activated macrophages. However, infection of macrophages by tachyzoites induces TGF-β signaling (TGF-s) inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production. NO inhibition may be a general escape mechanism of distinct T. gondii strains. OBJECTIVES To evaluate in activated macrophages the capacity of T. gondii strains of different virulence and genetics (RH, type I; ME-49, type II; VEG, type III; P-Br, recombinant) to evade the NO microbicidal defense system and determine LC3 loading to the parasitophorous vacuole. METHODS Activated peritoneal macrophages were infected with the different T. gondii strains, NO-production was evaluated by the Griess reagent, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, TGF-s, and LC3 localisation assayed by immunofluorescence. FINDINGS Only RH persisted in macrophages, while VEG was more resistant than P-Br and ME-49. All strains induced TGF-s, degradation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and NO-production inhibition from 2 to 24 h of infection, but only RH sustained these alterations for 48 h. By 24 h of infection, TGF-s lowered in macrophages infected by ME-49, and P-Br, and NO-production recovered, while VEG sustained TGF-s and NO-production inhibition longer. LC3 loading to parasitophorous vacuole was strain-dependent: higher for ME-49, P-Br and VEG, lower for RH. All strains inhibited NO-production, but only RH sustained this effect probably because it persisted in macrophages due to additional evasive mechanisms as lower LC3 loading to parasitophorous vacuole. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These results support that T. gondii can escape the NO microbicidal defense system at the initial phase of the infection, but only the virulent strain sustain this evasion mechanism.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760200417 420 downloads

QUERCETIN SUPPLEMENTATION PREVENTS CHANGES IN THE SEROTONIN AND CASPASE-3 IMMUNOREACTIVE CELLS OF THE JEJUNUM OF DIABETIC RATS
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MARTINS-PERLES, Juliana Vanessa Colombo

; ZIGNANI, Isabela

; SOUZA, Sara Raquel Garcia de

; FREZ, Flávia Cristina Vieira

; BOSSOLANI, Gleison Daion Piovezana

; ZANONI, Jacqueline Nelisis

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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oct 2019, Volume 56 N. 4 Pages 405 - 411

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A serotonina (5-HT) está presente nas células epiteliais enterocromafins (CE), nos mastócitos da lâmina própria e nos neurônios entéricos. A 5-HT está envolvida na regulação da motilidade, secreção, nocepção intestinal, sistema imunológico e inflamação. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do diabetes e da suplementação de quercetina sobre a função serotoninérgica e a perda celular por apoptose na mucosa jejunal de ratos diabéticos induzidos por estreptozotocina (ratos STZ). MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em quatro grupos: normoglicêmico (C), normoglicêmico suplementado com quercetina 40 mg/dia (Q), diabético (D) e diabético suplementado com quercetina 40 mg/dia (DQ). Após 120 dias, o jejuno foi coletado e fixado na solução de Zamboni por 18 horas. Após a obtenção de cortes em criostato, a imuno-histoquímica foi realizada para marcar 5-HT e caspase-3. A quantificação de células imunorreativas (IR) à 5-HT e caspase-3 foram realizadas na lâmina própria, vilosidades e criptas. RESULTADOS: A condição diabética ocasionou um aumento do número de células 5-HT-IR nas vilosidades e criptas, enquanto que na lâmina própria houve uma redução dessas células, no jejuno de ratos STZ. Nos animais diabéticos, foi observada uma densidade aumentada de células apoptóticas no epitélio do jejuno, tanto nas vilosidades quanto nas criptas, por outro lado um número reduzido de células caspase-3-IR foi observado na lâmina própria. Possivelmente, a suplementação de quercetina suprimiu ligeiramente os fenômenos de apoptose no epitélio de vilosidades e criptas do jejuno de ratos STZ, no entanto, o efeito oposto foi observado nas células 5-HT-IR da lâmina própria. A suplementação com quercetina em animais saudáveis promoveu poucas alterações na função serotoninérgica e nos estímulos apoptóticos. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados sugerem que a suplementação de quercetina melhorou principalmente a função serotoninérgica afetada pelo diabetes, talvez devido às propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias da quercetina.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Serotonin (5-HT) is present in the epithelial enterochromaffin cells (EC), mast cells of the lamina propria and enteric neurons. The 5-HT is involved in regulating motility, secretion, gut sensation, immune system and inflammation. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of diabetes and quercetin supplementation on serotoninergic cells and its cell loss by apoptosis in jejunal mucosa of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-rats). METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: normoglycemic (C), normoglycemic supplemented with 40 mg/day quercetin (Q), diabetic (D) and diabetic supplemented with 40 mg/day quercetin (DQ). After 120 days, the jejunum was collected and fixated in Zamboni’s solution for 18 h. After obtaining cryosections, immunohistochemistry was performed to label 5-HT and caspase-3. Quantification of 5-HT and caspase-3 immunoreactive (IR) cells in the lamina propria, villi and crypts were performed. RESULTS: The diabetic condition displayed an increase of the number of 5-HT-IR cells in villi and crypts, while decreased number of these cells was observed in lamina propria in the jejunum of STZ-rats. In the diabetic animals, an increased density of apoptotic cells in epithelial villi and crypts of the jejunum was observed, whereas a decreased number of caspase-3-IR cells was observed in lamina propria. Possibly, quercetin supplementation slightly suppressed the apoptosis phenomena in the epithelial villi and crypts of the STZ-rats, however the opposite effect was observed on the 5-HT-IR cells of the lamina propria. Quercetin supplementation on healthy animals promoted few changes of serotoninergic function and apoptotic stimuli. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that quercetin supplementation mostly improved the serotonergic function affected by diabetes maybe due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of quercetin.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-81 1368 downloads

MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIOR OF Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne (FABACEAE) SEEDLINGS SUBMITTED TO LIMING
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Silva, Patrícia Oliveira da

; Carlos, Leandro

; Menezes-Silva, Paulo Eduardo

; Costa, Andréia Mendes da

; Rodrigues, Carlos Ribeiro

; Loram-Lourenço, Lucas

; Dias, Jorciane Souza

Revista Árvore

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2019, Volume 43 N. 3 elocation e430305

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A calagem é benéfica para as plantas por promover a elevação do pH, neutralização do alumínio tóxico, aumentar o fornecimento de cálcio (Ca²+) e magnésio (Mg²+) e propiciar maior sistema radicular. No entanto, sabe-se que as espécies, principalmente nativas do Cerrado, respondem de formas distintas a essa técnica. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar de que forma mudas de Hymenaea stigonocarpa (“Jatobá-do-Cerrado”) respondem a calagem em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de quatro litros, submetidas a diferentes saturações de bases (solo natural, 30, 45, 60 e 75% de V) e mantidas em casa de vegetação. Foram avaliadas a biometria, biomassa, teor nutricional e parâmetros fisiológicos. Houve diferença para o teor de Ca²+ e Mg²+ nas folhas e caule e isso culminou na redução significativa da condutância estomática, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e a relação concentração interna e externa de CO2, o que levou a redução do investimento em crescimento e biomassa. Diante dos resultados obtidos, para a produção de mudas de H. stigonocarpa em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico não há necessidade de realizar calagem.

ABSTRACT Liming is beneficial for plants as it promotes pH elevation, neutralization of toxic aluminum, increase in calcium (Ca²+) and magnesium (Mg²+) supply, and provides greater root systems. However, it is known that different species, mainly those native to the Cerrado, respond in different ways to this technique. Given the above, the objective of this study was to determine how Hymenaea stigonocarpa (“Jatobá-do-Cerrado”) seedlings respond to liming in Dystrophic Red Latosol. The plants were cultivated in four-liter pots, submitted to different base saturation (natural soil, 30, 45, 60 and 75% V) and maintained in a greenhouse. Biometrics, biomass, nutritional content and physiological parameters were evaluated. A difference in Ca²+ and Mg²+ contents between leaves and stems was observed, leading to significant reductions in stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration and internal and external CO2 concentration ratios, resulting in a reduction of the investment in growth and biomass. Given these results, there is no need for liming in the production of H. stigonocarpa seedlings in a Dystrophic Red Latosol.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882019000300005 696 downloads

10.

Emergence and biomass accumulation in seedlings of rice cultivars irrigated with saline water
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Freire, Márcio H. da C.

; Sousa, Geocleber G. de

; Souza, Maria V. P. de

; Ceita, Emanuel D. R. de

; Fiusa, Jamili N.

; Leite, Kelly N.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jul 2018, Volume 22 N. 7 Pages 471 - 475

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de três cultivares de arroz sob salinidade da água de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido a pleno sol na Fazenda Experimental da Unilab, Redenção, Ceará, em janeiro de 2016. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial, 5 x 3 [(condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa: 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m-1) aplicadas em três cultivares de arroz (C1- Ligeirinho; C2 - Casado e C3 - Meruinho)], totalizando 15 tratamentos, com 4 repetições de 30 sementes por cultivar. Após 21 dias, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de emergência (PE), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), tempo médio de emergência (TME), velocidade média de emergência (VME), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca da raiz (MSR) e massa seca total (MST). A cultivar Ligeirinho possui maior tolerância ao estresse salino quanto à porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência e velocidade média de emergência. A cultivar Casado apresentou maior tolerância ao estresse salino para massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e total em relação às demais cultivares.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of three rice cultivars under saline water irrigation. The experiment was carried out in full sun at the Experimental Farm of the Unilab, in Redenção, Ceará, Brazil, in January 2016. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme [irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) versus three rice cultivars (C1 - Ligeirinho, C2 - Casado and C3 - Meruinho)], totaling 15 treatments, with 4 replicates of 30 seeds per cultivar. After 21 days, the following variables were evaluated: emergence percentage (EP), emergence speed index (ESI), mean time of emergence (MTE), mean speed of emergence (MSE), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM) and total dry matter (TDM). The cultivar Ligeirinho showed higher tolerance to saline stress with respect to the emergence percentage, emergence speed index and mean speed of emergence. The cultivar Casado showed higher tolerance to saline stress for shoot dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter in comparison to the other cultivars.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n7p471-475 853 downloads

11.

Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid) Stereocomplex/Graphene Nanocomposites
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Souza, Diego H. S.

; Santoro, Patricia V.

; Dias, Marcos L.

Materials Research

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2018, Volume 21 N. 1 elocation e20170352

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The isothermal crystallization kinetics of PLA stereocomplex (scPLA) and scPLA/graphene oxide nanocomposites was investigated. scPLA was prepared by symmetric blending the two isomers, PLLA and PDLA and the scPLA nanocomposite by polymerization of the respective lactides in presence of commercial graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GNPO+) followed of blending the two composites. The effect of the filler on the crystallization behavior and thermal properties of scPLA was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Avrami equation was used to describe the isothermal crystallization kinetics and melting behavior. Addition of 0.5 wt% GNPO+ to PLA matrix increases the crystallization rate, lowering the half-time of crystallization t1/2 to around 5.5 min for scPLA nanocomposites, which is about 2.7 min below that found for scPLA when isothermally crystallized at 165ºC. During the isothermal crystallization, homochiral and stereocomplex crystals are formed, depending on the crystallization temperature. As crystallization temperature reaches 160 and 165ºC, the crystallization of homocrystals become prevented and only stereocomplex crystals are formed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-0352 1275 downloads

12.

Tratamientos químico y biológico en semillas de Aniba rosaeodora para el control de Heilipus odoratus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae) en viveros, Amazonas, Brasil
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Arispe Torrez, Adrian Arturo

; Ramos Chevreuil, Larissa

; Alves de Sousa, Kally

; de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio, Paulo

; Souza Bruno, Flávio

; Sales-Campos, Ceci

Bosque (Valdivia)

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2018, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 299 - 308

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: Aniba rosaeodora is a species of high international commercial value due to the essential oil in the wood, branches and leaves. Studies indicate problems in the annual production of fruits and seeds, due to intense insect attack, which is a limiting factor in the production of seedlings. The present study evaluates the efficiency of the insecticide (Karate Zeon 50 CS) and the extract of an entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on the control of the larva of Heilipus odoratus in seeds and their influence on the initial development of the seedlings. In the first experiment, seeds were collected from the forest floor and tree canopy, later they were immersed in a liquid solution of 5 mL L-1 Karate Zeon insecticide for 24, 48 and 72 hours. In the second experiment, the seed were immersed in a concentration of 106 conidia mL-1 of B. bassiana and incubated in an orbital mixer for 3 hours at 180 rpm at 30 °C. To continue, the seeds were collected to be germinated in a substrate of vermiculite (28 ± 3 °C) for 60 days; afterward, they were placed in 1 kg plastic bags and grown in a greenhouse with (50 %) shade and a daily mist for 270 days. The parameters evaluated were: percentage of germination (G%), index of germination velocity (IGV), average germination time (AGT), growth, biomass (root, stem and leaves), chloroplast pigments content and leaf gas exchange. Results indicate that the treatments of seeds diminished the damage caused by the larva of H. odoratus increasing the index of germination without affecting the initial development.

RESUMEN: Aniba rosaeodora es de gran valor comercial por su aceite esencial en la madera, ramas y hojas. Estudios indican problemas de fructificación anual y las semillas sufren intenso ataque de insectos, factor limitante en la producción de plántulas. El presente trabajo evaluó la eficiencia del insecticida (Karate Zeon 50 CS) y del extracto del hongo entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana sobre el control de larvas de Heilipus odoratus en semillas y su influencia en el desarrollo inicial de las plántulas. En el primer experimento, semillas colectadas de la copa y del suelo, fueron inmersas en una solución de 5 mL L-1 de Karate Zeon, durante 24, 48 y 72 horas. En el segundo experimento, las semillas colectadas en el suelo fueron inmersas en un medio líquido de concentración 106 conidios mL-1 de B. bassiana e incubados en agitador orbital durante 3 horas a 180 rpm y 30 °C. Posteriormente, las semillas fueron colocadas para germinar en sustrato vermiculita (28 ± 3 °C) durante 60 días, luego repicadas en contenedores plásticos de 1 kg y cultivadas en vivero dotado de tela de protección (50 %) con nebulización diaria durante 270 días. Los parámetros evaluados fueron: porcentaje de germinación (G %), índice de velocidad de germinación (IVG), tiempo medio de germinación (TMG), crecimiento, biomasa (raíz, tallo y hojas), contenido de pigmentos cloroplastos e intercambio gaseoso foliar. Los resultados revelaron que el tratamiento de semillas detuvo los daños causados por larvas de H. odoratus aumentando los índices de germinación sin afectar el desarrollo inicial.

1087 downloads

13.

Potential of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis for the control of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae)
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Leal, Luís Carlos de Souza Rodrigues

; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira

; Mendonça, Alessandra Ésther de

; Bittencourt, Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro

; Bittencourt, Avelino José

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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dec 2017, Volume 26 N. 4 Pages 451 - 456

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O presente estudo verificou o potencial patogênico de nematoides (NEP) do gênero Heterorhabditis (H. bacteriophora - isolado HP88 e H. baujardi - isolado LPP7) para estágios imaturos de Stomoxys calcitrans em laboratório. Todas as concentrações de NEPs da cepa HP88 causaram mortalidade larval média maior que 90% após quatro dias. Concentrações mais elevadas da cepa LPP7 (≥50 NEPs/larva) eliminaram mais de 70% após seis dias, com a concentração 200 NEPs/larva atingindo níveis de 93,3%. A mortalidade larval em todas as concentrações de NEPs (25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 NEPs/larva) para ambas as cepas foi significativa (p<0,05), quando comparadas aos respectivos grupos controle. Concentrações de H. bacteriophora HP88 obtiveram LC50 de 0,36 NEP/larva e LC90 de 29,1; enquanto H. baujardi LPP7 obteve LC50 de 39,85 e LC90 de 239,18. O isolado H. bacteriophora HP88 propiciou maior inibição da emergência de adultos, quando comparado à resposta obtida com H. baujardi LPP7. NEPs não provocaram mortalidade considerável quando aplicados diretamente sobre pupas. O conjunto de resultados observados indica os nematoides entomopatogênicos do gênero Heterorhabditis (estirpes HP88 e LPP7) como uma alternativa promissora no controle da mosca dos estábulos.

Abstract The present study verified the pathogenic potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genus Heterorhabditis (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, isolate HP88 and Heterorhabditis baujardi isolate LPP7) to immature stages of Stomoxys calcitrans in the laboratory. All EPN concentrations of the H. bacteriophora HP88 strain caused mean larval mortality greater than 90% after four days. Higher concentrations of the H. baujardi LPP7 isolate (≥50 EPNs/larva) eliminated more than 70% of larvae after six days with the concentration 200 EPNs/larva reaching mortality levels of 93.3%. The larval mortality at all concentrations of EPNs (25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 EPNs/larva) for both strains was significant (p<0.05) when compared to the respective control groups. Concentrations of H. bacteriophora HP88 yielded an LC50 of 0.36 EPN/larva and LC90 of 29.1; while H. baujardi LPP7 yielded an LC50 of 39.85 and LC90 of 239.18. H. bacteriophora HP88 provided greater inhibition of the emergence of adults when compared to the response obtained with H. baujardi LPP7. EPNs did not cause considerable mortality when applied directly to pupae. The set of observed results suggests that the EPNs of the genus Heterorhabditis, isolates HP88 and LPP7, are a promising alternative in the control of the stable fly.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612017065 1044 downloads

14.

Effects of water-soluble fraction of petroleum on growth and prey consumption of juvenile Hoplias aff. malabaricus (Osteichthyes: Erythrinidae)
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Santos, R. M.

; Weber, L.

; Souza, V. L.

; Soares, A. R.

; Petry, A. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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feb 2016, Volume 76 N. 1 Pages 10 - 17

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A influência da fração solúvel de petróleo (FSP) no consumo de presas e crescimento de juvenis da traíra Hoplias aff. malabaricus foi investigada. Os juvenis foram submetidos aos tratamentos FSP e Controle durante 28 dias, e adultos de matogrosso Hyphessobrycon eques foram oferecidos diariamente como presa para cada predador. O total de presas consumidas variou de 16 a 86 indivíduos. Apesar do menor consumo inicial de presas sob exposição de FSP, não houve diferenças significativas nas taxas de consumo entre os dois tratamentos. A FSP teve um efeito negativo no crescimento em tamanho de juvenis de H. aff. malabaricus. Embora a ausência de efeito no consumo de presas sugira uma relativa resistência de H. aff. malabaricus à exposição à FSP, o menor crescimento em tamanho dos indivíduos expostos ao poluente reflete possivelmente custos metabólicos. As implicações dos principais resultados nos níveis do organismo e da cadeia alimentar são discutidos, incluindo aspectos comportamentais e o papel desempenhado por este predador em ecossistemas aquáticos rasos.

Abstract The influence of the water-soluble fraction of petroleum (WSF) on prey consumption and growth of juvenile trahira Hoplias aff. malabaricus was investigated. Juveniles were submitted to either WSF or Control treatment over 28 days, and jewel tetra Hyphessobrycon eques adults were offered daily as prey for each predator. Total prey consumption ranged from 16 to 86 individuals. Despite the initially lower prey consumption under WSF exposure, there were no significant differences in overall feeding rates between the two treatments. Water-soluble fraction of petroleum had a negative effect on the growth in length of H. aff. malabaricus juveniles. Although unaffected, prey consumption suggested a relative resistance in H. aff. malabaricus to WSF exposition and the lower growth of individuals exposed to WSF than the Control possibly reflects metabolic costs. The implications of the main findings for the individual and the food chain are discussed, including behavioral aspects and the role played by this predator in shallow aquatic systems.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.06714 1763 downloads

15.

Effect of low-level laser therapy on the modulation of the mitochondrial activity of macrophages
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Souza, Nadhia H. C.

; Ferrari, Raquel A. M.

; Silva, Daniela F. T.

; Nunes, Fabio D.

; Bussadori, Sandra K.

; Fernandes, Kristianne P. S.

Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy

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aug 2014, Volume 18 N. 4 Pages 308 - 314

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: O macrófago tem papel de destaque dentre as células inflamatórias que invadem o músculo após as lesões. Por outro lado, o laser em baixa intensidade (LBI) tem sido muito utilizado na clínica para acelerar o reparo muscular, e pouco se conhece sobre seu efeito nos macrófagos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do LBI sobre a atividade mitocondrial (AM) de macrófagos ativados para simular um processo inflamatório. MÉTODO: Macrófagos J774 foram tratados com lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) e IFN-gamma (ativação) por 24 horas para simular um processo inflamatório e então foram irradiados com LBI (780 nm; 70 mW; 3 J/cm(2) e 660 nm; 15mW; 7,5 J/cm(2)). A AM foi avaliada pela técnica MTT após um, três e cinco dias das irradiações. Foram realizados três experimentos independentes, e os dados, submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Após um dia de cultivo, os macrófagos ativados e irradiados com o laser de 780 nm mostraram AM menor que os somente ativados, já os macrófagos ativados e irradiados com o laser de 660 mostraram AM semelhante aos somente ativados. Após três dias, os macrófagos ativados e irradiados (660 e 780 nm) mostraram AM maior que os macrófagos ativados; já após cinco dias, os grupos ativados e irradiados (660 e 780 nm) mostraram AM semelhante aos macrófagos somente ativados. CONCLUSÕES: Esses resultados mostram que tanto o LBI de 660 nm como o de 780 nm são capazes de modular a ativação celular de macrófagos em situação de inflamação, ressaltando a importância desse recurso e da determinação de seus parâmetros dosimétricos no processo de reparo do músculo esquelético.

BACKGROUND: Macrophages play a major role among the inflammatory cells that invade muscle tissue following an injury. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has long been used in clinical practice to accelerate the muscle repair process. However, little is known regarding its effect on macrophages. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of LLLT on the mitochondrial activity (MA) of macrophages. METHOD: J774 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon - gamma (IFN-γ) (activation) for 24 h to simulate an inflammatory process, then irradiated with LLLT using two sets of parameters (780 nm; 70 mW; 3 J/cm2 and 660 nm; 15 mW; 7.5 J/cm2). Non-activated/non-irradiated cells composed the control group. MA was evaluated by the cell mitochondrial activity (MTT) assay (after 1, 3 and 5 days) in three independent experiments. The data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: After 1 day of culture, activated and 780 nm irradiated macrophages showed lower MA than activated macrophages, but activated and 660 nm irradiated macrophages showed MA similar to activated cells. After 3 days, activated and irradiated (660 nm and 780 nm) macrophages showed greater MA than activated macrophages, and after 5 days, the activated and irradiated (660 nm and 780 nm) macrophages showed similar MA to the activated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that 660 nm and 780 nm LLLT can modulate the cellular activation status of macrophages in inflammation, highlighting the importance of this resource and of the correct determination of its parameters in the repair process of skeletal muscle.

https://doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0046 4940 downloads

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