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Acute and subchronic effects of petroleum on the freshwater fish Hoplias aff. malabaricus
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Santos, R. M.

; Petry, A. C.

; Sousa, V. L.

; Souza, H. O.

; Azevedo, A.

; Soares, A. R.

; Weber, L. I.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e253731

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A fração solúvel de petróleo (WSF) prejudica os organismos, porém os danos podem variar entre os níveis celular e tecidual. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito agudo (24 h, 48 h e 72 h) e subcrônico (36 dias) da WSF (0%, 25% e 100%) em juvenis do peixe neotropical predador topo Hoplias aff. malabaricus. Os efeitos da WSF foram avaliados no nível molecular utilizando o ensaio do cometa e o teste do micronúcleo para o dano genômico e no nível morfológico através da identificação histológica de lesões patológicas no fígado. Em ambas exposições (aguda e subcrônica) encontramos baixos níveis de dano no DNA (< 10% de DNA na cauda do cometa) e frequência de micronúcleos não significativa em peixes expostos a WSF. As lesões mais significativas no fígado dos peixes expostos a WSF foram a vacuolização lipídica, hipertrofia e focos de necroses. Como estas lesões foram progressivas e persistentes, sua irreversibilidade pode afetar negativamente o recrutamento dos peixes, mesmo sendo um predador topo resistente.

Abstract Petroleum water soluble fraction (WSF) impairs organisms, but damages may vary among cell and tissue levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute (24 h, 48 h, 72 h) and subchronic effects (36 days) of WSF (0%, 25% and 100%) in juveniles of the Neotropical top predator fish Hoplias aff. malabaricus. The effects of WSF were evaluated at a molecular level using the comet assay and micronucleus test for genome damage; and at a morphological level through histological identification of liver pathologic lesions. In both acute and subchronic exposure we found low levels of DNA damage (< 10% of comet tail) and non-significant frequency of micronucleus in WSF exposed fish. The most significant liver lesions in WSF exposed fish were fatty vacuolization, hypertrophy and focal necrosis. Since these tissue injuries were progressive and persistent, their irreversibility may negatively affect fish recruitment, even in a such resistant top predator.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253731

Spatiotemporal distribution of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and its natural enemy Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus) in graniferous sorghum crops
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Lopes, P. C.

; Souza, P. G. C.

; Santos, J. C. B.

; Borges, C. E.

; Araújo, F. H. V.

; Martins, J. C.

; Picanço, M. C.

; Soares, M. A.

; Veloso, R. V. S.

; Oliveira, J. R.

; Rossini, L. C.

; Siqueira, F. C.

; Silva, R. C. da

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e261972

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Em uma escala global o Sorghum bicolor (L.) é uma das culturas mais importantes, ocupando o quinto lugar entre todos os cereais. É cultivada na África, Ásia, Oceania e Américas, onde serve como fonte de alimento e ração para humanos e animais, respectivamente. No entanto, a produção é limitada por vários fatores, incluindo pragas e doenças. Entre as pragas que atacam o sorgo, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), comumente chamado de pulgão verde dos cereais, é a praga mais destrutiva do sorgo. O dano de S. graminum ao sorgo é agravado pelo déficit hídrico que favorece sua ocorrência. Informações limitadas sobre a distribuição espacial da praga e seus inimigos naturais impedem o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo ecologicamente corretas. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum e seu inimigo natural Coccinella septempunctata (L.) durante a fase vegetativa e reprodutiva da cultura por meio de análise geoestatística. A distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum foi influenciada pelo estágio de desenvolvimento do sorgo, paisagem circundante e presença de seu principal predador C. septempunctata. Além disso, a abundância de C. septempunctata foi influenciada pela densidade de S. graminum. Os resultados deste estudo são necessários para o desenvolvimento de estratégias sustentáveis de manejo de pragas contra S. graminum.

Abstract At the global level, Sorghum bicolor (L.), is one of the most important crops, which ranks fifth among all cereals. It is cultivated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas, where it serves as a source of food and feed for humans and animals, respectively. However, production is constrained by several factors including pests and diseases. Among the pests that are known to attack Sorghum, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), commonly called the green cereal aphid, is the most destructive pest of sorghum. S. graminum damage to sorghum is worsen by water deficit which favors its occurrence. Limited information on the spatial distribution of the pest and its natural enemies impedes the development of ecologically friendly management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum and its natural enemy Coccinella septempunctata (L.) during the vegetative and reproductive stage of the crop using geostatistical analysis. The spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum was influenced by Sorghum development stage, surrounding landscape, and presence of its main predator C. septempunctata. Moreover, the abundance of C. septempunctata was influenced by the density of S. graminum. The findings from this study are required for developing sustainable pest management strategies against S. graminum.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.261972

Toxic Effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina): a Morphological, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study
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Souza, Jéssica Peres Alves de

; Silva, Isabella Ferreira

; Carneiro, Pedro Gontijo

; Schnitzler, Mariane Cristina

; Thomé, Ralph Gruppi

; Santos, Hélio Batista dos

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2024, Volume 67 elocation e24230143

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract We describe the toxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in two aquatic species: Danio rerio and Artemia salina. Fish were exposed to 25 mg L-1, 50 mg L-1, and 100 mg L-1 MWCNTs for 7 days. After exposure, the gills from D. rerio showed lamellar fusion and epithelial lifting in the secondary lamellae, and vasodilation in the primary lamellae. In the gills, heat shock protein 70 and Bax (pro apoptotic member) were stained more intensely in the treated groups than in the control group. The nauplii of A. salina were exposed to 25 µg L-1, 50 µg L-1, and 100 µg L-1 MWCNTs for 96 h. After exposure, the nauplii from the control group presented 20 % mortality, whereas the 25 µg mL-1, 50 µg mL-1, and 100 µg L-1 groups had 46.7 %, 70 %, and 100 % mortality, respectively. The nauplii exposed to 25 µg mL1 and 50 µg mL1 MWCNTs had black aggregates in the intestine because of the uptake of nanomaterials. In addition, the 25 µg mL-1 and 50 µg mL-1 MWCNT groups had black aggregates attached onto the body surface, appendages of the second pair, and mandibles.The results revealed the toxic effects of MWCNTs on the two aquatic organisms, and both species showed great potential for toxicological evaluation of MWCNTs in aquatic environments.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2024230143

[SciELO Preprints] - Initial evaluations of quercetin on the in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes
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Silva, Bruna Moura Santos, Sara Rodrigues Pereira dos Souza, Brenna Maria Silva de Santos, Damaris Raquel Pires dos Aureliano, Érika Karoline de Oliveira Lima, Andreza Mayara Carneiro Oliveira, Luana Kealy Pimentel de Lima, Sueli de Oliveira Pereira , Ailton Batista Lopes, Isabela Maria Freitas, Beatriz Cavalcanti de Souza, Thais Thatiane dos Santos Sousa, Pedro Humberto Félix de Cordeiro, Mabel Freitas Lopes Júnior, Edilson Soares

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Publication date: 2023-12-22

Abstract: En Es Pt

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and the subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) of ovine embryos. For this purpose, oocytes were collected and divided into the following treatment groups: control group, containing CON medium (control); and groups Q2, Q4, and Q8, with control medium supplemented with 2, 4, and 8 µM of quercetin, respectively. After IVM, the degree of cumulus cells expansion, presence of the first polar body (PB), and the other part of the oocytes proceeded to in vitro fertilization (IVF), where oocytes were incubated with spermatozoa for a period of 20 hours. Subsequently, the presumptive zygotes underwent in vitro culture (IVC) for 48 hours, and at the end of the process, the rate of cleaved structures was evaluated. The results were expressed in percentage and compared using the Chi-square test, with a significant difference considered when P<0.05. Evaluating the expansion of cumulus cells, the CON and Q2 groups showed the best expansion rates compared to the Q4 and Q8 groups. Regarding the presence of the 1st PB, it was observed that only the Q8 group exhibited lower rates compared to the control group. When evaluating the rate of cleaved structures, it was observed that the Q2 group showed a higher number compared to the Q8 group. Quercetin does not influence the maturation of ovine oocytes.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la quercetina en la maduración in vitro (MIV) de ovocitos y la posterior fertilización in vitro (FIV) de embriones ovinos. Para ello, se recolectaron y seleccionaron ovocitos divididos en los siguientes grupos de tratamiento: grupo control, que contenía medio CON (control); y los grupos Q2, Q4 y Q8, con medio control al que se le añadieron 2, 4 y 8 µM de quercetina, respectivamente. Tras la MIV se evaluó el grado de expansión de las células del cúmulo, la presencia del primer corpúsculo polar (CP) y la otra parte de los ovocitos se utilizó para la fecundación in vitro (FIV), donde los ovocitos fueron incubados con espermatozoides durante un período de 20 horas. Posteriormente, los presuntos cigotos pasaron a cultivo in vitro (CIV) durante 48 horas y, al final del proceso, se evaluó la tasa de estructuras clivadas. Los resultados se expresaron en porcentaje y se compararon utilizando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, considerando una diferencia significativa cuando P<0,05. Al evaluar la expansión de las células del cúmulo, los grupos CON y Q2 mostraron las mejores tasas de expansión en comparación con los grupos Q4 y Q8. En cuanto a la presencia del 1er CP, se observó que solo el grupo Q8 mostró tasas más bajas en comparación con el grupo control. Al evaluar la tasa de estructuras clivadas, se observó que el grupo Q2 mostró un número mayor en comparación con el grupo Q8. La quercetina no influye en la maduración de ovocitos ovinos.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da quercetina na MIV de oócitos e na subsequente PIV de embriões ovinos. Para isso, foram colhidos e selecionados oócitos divididos nos seguintes grupos de tratamento: grupo controle, contendo meio CON (controle); e grupos Q2, Q4 e Q8, com meio controle, acrescido de 2, 4 e 8 µM de quercetina, respectivamente. Após a MIV foi avaliado o grau de expansão das células do cumulus, presença do primeiro corpúsculo polar (CP) e a outra parte dos oócitos seguiu para a fecundação in vitro (FIV), onde os oócitos foram incubados com os espermatozoides, por um período de 20 h. Em seguida, os presumíveis zigotos seguiram para o cultivo in vitro (CIV), por um período de 48 h e, ao final do processo, foi avaliada a taxa de estruturas clivadas. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem e comparados, usando o Teste do Qui-quadrado e foi considerada diferença significativa quando P<0,05. Avaliando a expansão das células do cumulus, os grupos CON e Q2 apresentaram as melhores taxas de expansão, quando comparadas aos grupos Q4 e Q8. Quanto à presença do 1º CP, foi possível observar que somente o grupo Q8 apresentou taxas menores, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Já avaliando a taxa de estruturas clivadas, foi possível observar que o grupo Q2 apresentou maior número quando comparado ao grupo Q8. A quercetina não influencia na maturação de oócitos ovinos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.7759

Repellent activity of essential oils against mediterranean fly and their effects on postharvest quality in paluma guava
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Gonzaga, Kennedy S.

; de Brito, Carlos H.

; Salustino, Angélica da S.

; de Souza, Maria Í. A.

; Santos, João P. de O.

; Sousa, Francisco de A. R. da M.

Revista Caatinga

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jun 2023, Volume 36 N. 2 Pages 280 - 290

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the world's largest guava (Psidium guajava) producing countries, but the economic performance of this crop can be negatively affected by the damage caused by Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). The main methods for controlling C. capitata are based on broad-spectrum insecticide applications. However, the negative effects of using this control method stimulate the development of sustainable alternatives, such as the use of essential oils (EO). In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the repellent activity of EO of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) for repellency of C. capitata in Paluma guava fruits and determine their effects on postharvest fruit quality, under laboratory-controlled conditions. The fruits were treated with citronella, clove, and copaiba EO and placed in covered plastic containers attached to the ends of arenas of 20 cm diameter and 15 cm height. The fruit physical and chemical analysis was carried out based on the same oils applied in the repellent test. The C. nardus essential oil presented a greater repellency of C. capitata females. The EO applications proved to be a good strategy for maintaining the fruit post-harvest quality.

RESUMO O Brasil está entre os maiores produtores mundiais de goiaba (Psidium guajava), mas o rendimento econômico dessa cultura pode ser negativamente afetado pelos danos causados por Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Os principais métodos de controle de C. capitata são baseados em aplicações de inseticidas de amplo espectro. Porém, os efeitos negativos do uso desse controle estimulam o desenvolvimento de alternativas sustentáveis, como o uso de óleos essenciais. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade repelente dos óleos essenciais de citronela (Cymbopogon nardus), cravo (Syzygium aromaticum) e copaíba (Copaifera officinalis) em fruto de goiabeiras Paluma contra C. capitata e determinar suas influências na qualidade pós-colheita desses frutos trabalhados. Em condições controladas de laboratório, os frutos foram tratados com óleos essenciais de citronela, cravo e copaíba e acondicionados em recipientes de plástico com dimensões de 20 cm de diâmetro e 15 cm de altura. A análise físico-química dos frutos foi realizada com base nos mesmos óleos aplicados no teste de repelência. O óleo essencial de C. nardus apresentou maior repelência às fêmeas de C. capitata. A aplicação de óleos essenciais, mostrou-se uma estratégia para manutenção da qualidade póscolheita.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n205rc

Probiotification of Whole Grape Juice by Water Kefir Microorganisms
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Santos, Simone Augusta dos

; Barbosa, Gesinery Mattos

; Bernardes, Patrícia Campos

; Carneiro, Joel Camilo Souza

; Tostes, Maria das Graças Vaz

; Coelho, Jussara Moreira

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2023, Volume 66 elocation e23210475

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms that when ingested in adequate amounts help in the balance of the intestinal microbiota. Kefir is considered a probiotic beverage associated with the improvement of several pathologies. Fruit juices are considered an excellent culture medium for these microorganisms, presenting nutrients that favor microbial growth. This work aimed to prepare a probiotic drink from the fermentation of whole grape juice by microorganisms from the water kefir. Different amounts of kefir grains were tested (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 g) in 500 mL of grape juice. The fermentation processes were developed under static conditions at room temperature for 24 h. Seven formulations were tested for physical-chemical and microbiological analyses. A questionnaire on the knowledge and consumption of probiotics was applied to the academic community. Three formulations were selected for sensory analysis and stored under refrigeration. All formulations showed growth of lactic acid bacteria and no reduction in storage viability. A significant reduction in soluble solids was observed in all formulations, and an increase in acidity and pH formulations with 5 and 20 g of kefir, respectively. About 64% of the participants reported knowing the definition of probiotics. In addition, a low intake of this product was observed. The formulation with 5 grams of water kefir grains was better accepted by the consumers when compared to the others. Thus, grape juice can be a great alternative to consume probiotic microorganisms, especially for those who do not consume dairy products.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023210475

Biological activity of cinnamaldehyde, citronellal, geraniol and anacardic acid on Haemonchus contortus isolates susceptible and resistant to synthetic anthelmintics
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Frota, Gracielle Araújo

; Santos, Valderlândia Oliveira dos

; Rodrigues, Janaelia Ferreira Vasconcelos

; Oliveira, Breno Reinaldo

; Albuquerque, Laísa Bastos

; Vasconcelos, Fernando Raul Correia de

; Silva, Adelino Carneiro

; Teixeira, Marcel

; Brito, Edy Souza de

; Santos, Jéssica Maria Leite dos

; Vieira, Luiz da Silva

; Monteiro, Jomar Patricio

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2023, Volume 32 N. 2 elocation e006023

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Parasitism by gastrointestinal nematodes is a challenge for small ruminant farming worldwide. It causes productive and economic losses, especially due to parasite resistance to conventional anthelmintics. Natural compounds with antiparasitic activity are a potential alternative for controlling these parasites especially when considering the widespread occurrence of anthelmintic resistance. Our objective was to evaluate the activity of anacardic acid, geraniol, cinnamaldehyde and citronellal on Haemonchus contortus isolates with different levels of anthelmintic resistance profiles. These compounds were tested using egg hatch assays (EHAs), larval development tests (LDTs) as well as LDTs on mini-fecal cultures, on the Haemonchus contortus isolates Kokstad (KOK-resistant to all anthelmintics), Inbred-Strain-Edinburgh (ISE-susceptible to all anthelmintics) and Echevarria (ECH-susceptible to all anthelmintics). Effective concentrations to inhibit 50% (EC50) and 95% (EC95) of egg hatching and larval development were calculated. Results for EHA and LDT for all tested compounds, considering EC50 and EC95 values, showed low variation among the studied isolates with most RF values below 2x. All studied compounds showed efficacy against egg hatching and larval development of H. contortus isolates regardless of anthelmintic resistance profiles. The compounds with the smallest EC50 and EC95 values were cinnamaldehyde and anacardic acid making them promising candidates for future in vivo studies.

Resumo A infecção por nematoides gastrintestinais é um dos principais desafios na produção de pequenos ruminantes e ocasiona perdas produtivas, principalmente, devido à resistência anti-helmíntica. Bioativos com atividade anti-helmíntica são potencial alternativa para o controle desses parasitos em especial, considerando-se a ampla incidência de resistência anti-helmíntica nos rebanhos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade biológica do ácido anacárdico, geraniol, cinamaldeído e citronelal em isolados de Haemonchus contortus com diferentes perfis de resistência anti-helmíntica. Foram realizados testes de eclosão de ovos (TEO), testes de desenvolvimento larvar (TDL) e TDLs em minicoproculturas, utilizando-se o isolado Kokstad (resistente a todos os anti-helmínticos), o isolado Inbred-Strain-Edinburgh (suscetível) e o isolado Echevarria (suscetível). Foram calculadas as concentrações efetivas para inibir 50% (CE50) e 95% (CE95) da eclodibilidade dos ovos e do desenvolvimento larvar. Resultados de TEO e TDL apresentaram baixa variação entre os diferentes isolados para um mesmo composto testado com fatores de resistência geralmente abaixo de 2x. Todos os compostos estudados mostraram eficácia contra a eclosão de ovos e desenvolvimento larvar de isolados de H. contortus independente do perfil de resistência anti-helmíntica dos mesmos. Os compostos que apresentaram atividade nas menores concentrações foram cinamaldeído e ácido anacárdico, sendo estes os componentes mais promissores para futuros estudos in vivo.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612023027

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL SOIL ATTRIBUTES OF OFF-SEASON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE SAVANNAH OF MARANHÃO STATE, BRAZIL
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Brito, Lucélia de C. R. de

; Souza, Henrique A. de

; Deon, Diana S.

; Souza, Ivanderlete M. de

; Santos, Smaiello F. da C. B. dos

; Sobral, Amanda H. S.

Engenharia Agrícola

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2023, Volume 43 N. 2 elocation e20220181

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Management of agricultural production systems interferes with greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, thereby altering physical, chemical, and biological attributes of soil; therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between soil attributes and GHG emissions. This study evaluated GHG emissions and their relationship with soil attributes in off-season soybean, maize, brachiaria and eucalyptus production systems. The experiment was carried out in Brejo, Maranhão, Brazil, with soybean ( Glycine max ), maize ( Zea mays ), brachiaria ( Urochloa ruzizienses ), and eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis ). Fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) were evaluated using air samples analyzed by gas chromatography. Soil attributes were ammonium and nitrate contents, total organic carbon, moisture, pH, density, total porosity, and water-filled pore space. N2O flux was 287.1 µg m-2 h -1 for eucalyptus cultivation, while areas cultivated with soybeans, maize and brachiaria had influxes of 46.7, 7.2, and 13.17 µg m-2 h-1, respectively. In the off-season, the highest emissions of N2O and CO2 were measured in eucalyptus areas due to soil moisture and porosity conditions provided by accumulation of litter on the soil surface.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v43n2e20220181/2023

Antiulcer mechanisms of the hydroalcoholic extract from Aztec marigolds’ medicinal and edible flowers (Tagetes erecta L.)
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MEURER, MARIANE

; FELISBINO, FABIULA

; MÜLLER, FABIANA B.

; SOMENSI, LINCON B.

; CURY, BENHUR J.

; JERÔNIMO, DANIELE T.

; VENZON, LARISSA

; FRANÇA, TAUANI C.S.

; MARIOTT, MARIHÁ

; SANTOS, ANA C.

; NUNES, RUAN KAIO S.

; BOEING, THAISE

; BELLA-CRUZ, ALEXANDRE

; SOUZA, PRISCILA DE

; ROMAN-JUNIOR, WALTER A.

; ARUNACHALAM, KARUPPUSAMY

; OLIVEIRA, RUBERLEI G.

; SILVA, LUISA M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 1 elocation e20220427

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The antiulcer mechanisms of the dry extract of T. erecta flowers (DETe) were studied here. The acute ulcers induced by acidified ethanol or indomethacin were reproduced in mice pretreated with DETe (3 - 300 mg/kg). The antiulcer activity of DETe was also verified in mice pretreated with NEM, L-NAME, indomethacin, or yohimbine. The antisecretory effect of DETe was verified in rats, and its anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was determined in vitro. DETe (300 mg/kg, p.o) reduced the ethanol- or indomethacin-induced ulcer by 49 and 93%, respectively. The pre-treatment with L-NAME, NEM or yohimbine abolished the gastroprotective effect of DETe. However, DETe did not change the volume, acidity, or peptic activity in rats and did not affect H. pylori. This study expands knowledge about the antiulcerogenic potential of DETe, evidencing the role of nitric oxide, non-protein sulfhydryl groups, α2 adrenergic receptors, and prostaglandins, but not antisecretory or anti-H. pylori properties.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220427

10.

Deep sea ecosystem exploration and ‘health check’: sampling strategy and methods applied during the iAtlantic_BR10_Petrobras cruise in the Santos Basin, Southwest Atlantic
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Perez, Jose Angel A.

; Barros Neto, Halésio M.C. de

; Arantes, Renata C.M.

; Gaurisas, Daniela Y.

; Silva, Camila F.

; Alves, Fernanda Maria M.

; Costa, Júlia A.

; Eloi, Paula D.C.

; Fonseca, Thayse S.

; Gavazzoni, Lucas

; Lonskis, Isabella da S.

; Nardi, Ricardo U.

; Nascimento, Pedro O.

; Rodrigues, João Vitor M.

; Santos, Ana Lara F. dos

; Santos, Edson C. dos

; Schroeder, Rafael

; Silva, Luis Carlos da

; Souza, Fernanda dos S.S. de

; Bernardino, Ângelo F.

; Cavalcanti, Guarani H.

; Lindner, Alberto

; Mahiques, Michel M. de

; Millo, Christian

; Reis, Priscila

; Sweetman, Andrew K.

; Roberts, J. Murray

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 elocation e23046

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The iAtlantic Project has established an international collaborative strategy to improve mapping and characterization of deep and open ocean ecosystems in understudied regions of the Atlantic and evaluate their health. In December 2022, the first iAtlantic expedition in the South Atlantic set off to map and explore seafloor ecosystems in the Santos Basin slope (200-1,000 m depths) in collaboration with the Petrobras ‘Santos Basin - Regional Characterization Project.’ The 17-day ‘iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras’ cruise was conducted on board the research vessel NPqHOc Vital de Oliveira (Brazilian Navy) and performed (a) water column structure characterization, (b) seafloor morphology mapping, (c) description of benthic habitats and communities by seafloor imagery and biological/ geological sampling, and (d) ex-situ experiments to assess the functioning of sedimentary ecosystems and their responses to climate-related environmental changes. This study describes the rationale behind the iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras cruise science plan, reports its sampling strategy and methods, and summarizes its collected data and preliminary results.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23069jaap

11.

EFEITO DA OROGRAFIA NAS CHUVAS POR MEIO DA ANÁLISE DE ÍNDICES CLIMÁTICOS NA REGIÃO DO PLANALTO OCIDENTAL PAULISTA
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Santos, B. C.

; Sanches, R. G.

; Neves, G. Z. F.

; Souza, P. H.

Mercator (Fortaleza)

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2023, Volume 22 elocation e22030

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

Abstract The present research analyzed the effect of relief on the variability and extremes of rainfall in the central portion of the state of São Paulo, using 31 surface rainfall gauges. For this, it applied the methods of filling gaps (Regional Weighting), rainfall classification (Rain Anomaly Indexes) and precipitation indexes (Rclimdex). Through the methods used, it was verified that the pluviometric variability showed in the admitted parameters of normality with about 17% of the years, in the wet parameters about 18% of the years and in the dry parameters about 15% of the years of the historical series of 1979 -2017. In addition, it was found that among the thirty-eight years of the historical series, the year 1983 was the wettest and the year 2014 the driest. As these were two distinct representative years (wet and dry) of rainfall, it was noted through the rainfall indexes, they showed the strength of the orographic effect in the intensification of rainfall in volume and number of extreme days in the higher regions located in the southern portion of the study area. Therefore, due to the altitude that manifests itself associated with a sharp altimetric difference that establishes a high slope, which the central region of the state of São Paulo has, its morphological characteristics play an important role with the process of intensification of the rains, mainly in the years rainy.

Resumen Esta investigación analizó el efecto del relieve sobre la variabilidad y los extremos de las precipitaciones, en la parte central del estado de São Paulo, utilizando 31 estaciones pluviométricas de superficie. Para ello aplicó los métodos de llenado de vacíos, clasificación e índices de precipitación. A través de estas aplicaciones se verificó que la variabilidad de las precipitaciones de los años de la serie histórica 1979-2017 mostró normalidad en los parámetros aceptados en alrededor del 17%, en los parámetros húmedos alrededor del 18% y en los parámetros secos alrededor del 15%. Además, se encontró que entre los treinta y ocho años, el año 1983 fue excepcionalmente el más húmedo y el año 2014 fue el excepcionalmente más seco. Al tratarse de dos años distintos representativos (húmedo y seco) de precipitaciones, se observó la influencia del efecto orográfico en la intensificación de las precipitaciones en volumen y número de días extremos en las regiones más altas ubicadas en la porción sur del área de estudio. Por lo tanto, debido a la altitud que está asociada a un pronunciado desnivel altimétrico que establece una alta pendiente, que tiene la región central del estado de São Paulo, sus características morfológicas juegan un papel importante en el proceso de intensificación de las lluvias, especialmente en los años lluvioso.

Resumo A presente pesquisa analisou o efeito do relevo na variabilidade e nos extremos das chuvas, na porção central do estado de São Paulo, utilizando 31 postos pluviométricos de superfície. Para isso, aplicou os métodos de preenchimento de falhas (Ponderação Regional), classificação das chuvas (Índices de Anomalia de Chuva) e índices de precipitação (Rclimdex). Por meio dos métodos utilizados, verificou-se que a variabilidade pluviométrica mostrou nos parâmetros admitidos de normalidade com cerca de 17% dos anos, nos parâmetros úmidos cerca 18% dos anos e nos parâmetros secos cerca de 15% dos anos da série histórica de 1979-2017. Além disso, verificou-se que entre os trinta e oito anos da série histórica, que o ano de 1983 foi o mais chuvoso e ano de 2014 o mais seco. Por tratar-se de dois anos representativos distintos (úmido e seco) de pluviosidade, notou-se por meio dos índices de chuva, evidenciaram a força do efeito orográfico na intensificação das chuvas em volume e número de dias extremos nas regiões mais elevadas localizadas na porção meridional da área de estudo. Portanto, em razão da altitude que se manifesta associada a um acentuado desnível altimétrica que estabelece uma declividade elevada, que a região central do estado de São Paulo possuí, suas características morfológicas cumprem um papel importante com o processo de intensificação das chuvas, principalmente nos anos chuvosos.

https://doi.org/10.4215/rm2023.e22030

12.

In vitro approaches to antioxidant screening for the development of a sunscreen formulation
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Soares, Bruna dos Santos

; Diniz, Raiane Rosales

; Paiva, Juliana Patrão de

; Pádula, Marcelo de

; Santos, Elisabete Pereira dos

; Monteiro, Mariana Sato de Souza de Bustamante

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2023, Volume 59 elocation e23228

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The incorporation of antioxidants into sunscreens may provide additional skin photoprotection against the harmful photobiological effects of ultraviolet radiation. The present study evaluated the applicability of a screening approach to the assessment of the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of vitamin C, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10 and then determined the performance of the most effective antioxidant in a sunscreen formulation. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2`-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and the photoprotective potential was investigated by the yeast photoprotection assay. The antioxidant with the best effect was incorporated into sunscreen formulations which were evaluated for 120 days regarding their in vitro photoprotective parameters. Vitamin C showed high antioxidant capacity as well as a photoprotective potential against simulated solar irradiation applied for times longer than 1 h. Although the Sun Protection Factor, UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength did not differed significantly (p<0.05) between the formulation blank and the formulations containing 0.5% or 1% vitamin C, formulations with vitamin C kept their photostability for 6 months. Consequently, the proposed screening approach seems to be promising for the development of an antisolar photostable formulation containing vitamin C as an antioxidant.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902023e23228

13.

Minimum Vector Control Intensity to Get a Stable Fixed Point in a Mosquito Dynamic Model
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KAWAHAMA, F. H.

; SANTOS, L. B. L.

; CIRILO, P. R.

; SOUZA, L. F.

; MACAU, E. N.

Trends in Computational and Applied Mathematics

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2023, Volume 24 N. 3 Pages 521 - 533

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Vector-borne diseases are a cause of concern all around the world, especially in Brazil. In the past few years, the Brazilian health system faced recurrent epidemics such as Dengue and Malaria as well as new cases of Chikungunya, Zika and Yellow Fever. Vector control continues to be one of the most important counter measures against these types of diseases. Mathematical models are important tools for planning vector control strategies. In this work we present an approach in order to calculate what is the minimum vector control intensity to obtain stability in a simple population’s dynamics model of mosquitoes. We combined numerical simulations with analytic results. Transcritical bifurcations appear in our analysis considering different control’s parameters values for the eggs, larvae, pupae and adults mosquitoes populations. A discussion about combined strategies of vector control was also showed. Vectorborne borne world Brazil years Chikungunya Fever populations population s results controls eggs larvae showed

https://doi.org/10.5540/tcam.2023.024.03.00521

14.

Equipment for Monitoring Synchronous Generators Condition through External Magnetic Field Waveforms
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Grillo, L. O. S.

; Wengerkievicz, C. A. C.

; Santos, H. F. dos

; Batistela, N. J.

; Kuo-Peng, P.

; Sadowski, N.

; Matsuo, T. K.

; Souza, C. L. de

; Freitas, L. M. de

; Nascimento, R. J.

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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dec 2022, Volume 21 N. 4 Pages 527 - 548

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This paper presents an equipment for monitoring synchronous generators condition through characteristics of the time derivative of the external magnetic field. The developed monitoring methodology allows the identification of established or incipient faults, by detecting changes in the magnetic signature of the synchronous generator. In this methodology, the measurement of signals outside the machine gives this equipment a non-invasive characteristic, allowing its monitoring without interfering or disturbing its operation. The developed system includes the specification of magnetic field sensors, signal measurement and processing equipment, as well as software for analysis and monitoring. The validation of the methodology used in this system was carried out through the analysis of experimental data, presenting efficient results in the detection of electrical and mechanical faults in synchronous generators of an experimental test bench and a hydroelectric power plant. As a result, the commercial specification of this equipment was obtained and two units were implemented in a hydroelectric power plant to monitor 305 MVA synchronous generators.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742022v21i4268102

15.

INDUCTION OF POLYPLOIDY IN WATERMELON GENOTYPE WITH POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE (Podosphaera xanthii)
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SILVA, CARLA MARIA DE JESUS

; DIAS, RITA DE CÁSSIA SOUZA

; SANTOS, JOICE SIMONE DOS

; SOUZA, FLÁVIO DE FRANÇA

; MELO, NATONIEL FRANKLIN DE

Revista Caatinga

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sep 2022, Volume 35 N. 3 Pages 505 - 513

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A melancia triploide é muito apreciada pelos mercados mais exigentes, e, devido ao seu tamanho reduzido, torna-se ideal para consumo em famílias pequenas. Com o incremento de áreas cultivadas com melancia sem sementes no mundo, há demanda pelo desenvolvimento de germoplasma tetraploides para obtenção de híbridos triploides de melhor desempenho agronômico. Foram realizados dois ensaios com o objetivo de induzir poliploidia na Linhagem resistente ao oídio desenvolvida pela Embrapa Semiárido, LDRO, sob diferentes concentrações de colchicina e métodos de aplicação. As sementes foram tratadas com colchicina (0,0%; 0,1% e 0,2%) por 24h e 48h (Experimento 1) e sob diferentes métodos de aplicação de colchicina a 0,2% a) direto na semente (MDS) com e sem escarificação, b) sementes com emissão da radícula (MER), c) no ponto de inserção entre o hipocótilo e a raiz (MIHR), d) no ápice da plântula (MAP) e e) no hipocótilo invertido (MHI) (Experimento 2). Foi realizada a análise citogenética (contagem do número cromossômico), do número de cloroplastos por pares de células-guardas, número de estômatos, altura da plântula e diâmetro do hipocótilo. Na Linhagem LDRO, a duplicação cromossômica ocorreu em algumas células das plantas, mas não foi possível obter plantas 100% tetraploides. A colchicina a 0,2% por 48h sem escarificação mecânica induz a duplicação cromossômica em melancia. A análise do número de cloroplastos identifica os níveis de ploidia, de forma precoce, reduzindo o número de plantas, que serão avaliadas em citogenética, sendo que esta permite identificar com maior precisão os diferentes níveis de ploidia da planta.

ABSTRACT Triploid watermelon is highly appreciated by the most demanding markets, and due to its small size, it is ideal for consumption by small families. With the growth in areas cultivated with seedless watermelon worldwide, there is a demand for the development of tetraploid germplasm to obtain triploid hybrids with better agronomic performance. This study performed two tests to induce polyploidy in the powdery mildew–resistant line developed by Embrapa Semi-Arid, LDRO, under different colchicine concentrations and application methods. In Experiment 1, the seeds were treated with colchicine (0.0%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) for 24 h and 48 h. In Experiment 2, 0.2% colchicine was applied by different methods: (a) directly on the seed (MDS) with and without scarification, (b) on seeds with radicle emission (MER), (c) at the insertion point between the hypocotyl and the root (MIHR), (d) at the seedling apex (MAP), and (e) in the inverted hypocotyl (MHI). Chromosome count (cytogenetic analysis), number of chloroplasts per pair of guard cells, number of stomata, seedling height, and hypocotyl diameter were measured. In the LDRO line, chromosomal duplication occurred in some plant cells, but it was not possible to obtain 100% tetraploid plants. Colchicine (0.2%) for 48 h without mechanical scarification induced chromosomal duplication in watermelon. The analysis of the number of chloroplasts identified the level of ploidy early, reducing the number of plants needed to be evaluated by cytogenetics, which allowed us to more accurately identify the different levels of ploidy of the plant.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n301rc

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