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Environmental vulnerability evolution in the Brazilian Amazon
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FIEDLER, NILTON C.

; JESUS, RICARDO M.M. DE

; MOREIRA, FELIPE Z.

; RAMALHO, ANTONIO H.C.

; SANTOS, ALEXANDRE R. DOS

; SOUZA, KAÍSE B. DE

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 2 elocation e20210333

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Decision making and environmental policies are mainly based on propensity level to impact in the area. The propensity level can be determined through artificial intelligence techniques included in geotechnological universe. Thus, this study aimed to determine the areas of greatest vulnerability to human activities, in Amazon biome, through MODIS images of Land use and land cover (LULC) from the 2001 and 2013. Remote sensing, Euclidean distance, Fuzzy logic, AHP method and analysis of net variations were applied to specialize the classes of vulnerability in the states belonging to the Amazon Biome. From the results, it can be seen that the class that most evolved in a positive net gain during the evaluated period was “very high” and the one that most reduced was “high”, showing that there was a transition from “high” to “very high” risk areas. The states with the largest areas under “very high” risk class were Mato Grosso (101,100.10 km2) and Pará (81,010.30 km2). It is concluded that the application of remote sensing techniques allows the determination and assessment of the environmental vulnerability evolution. Mitigation measures urgently need to be implemented in the Amazon biome. The methodology can be extended to any other area of the planet.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320210333

Standard twist and non-twist maps nontwist non
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Souza, Felipe G.

; Grime, Gabriel C.

; Caldas, Iberê L.

Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física

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2023, Volume 45 elocation e20220333

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Mapas simpléticos podem fornecer o mais simples e preciso modo de visualizar e quantificar a dinâmica de sistemas conservativos de dois graus de liberdade. Esses mapas podem ser facilmente iterados com os mais simples dos computadores, obtendo trajetórias com grande precisão. Esses mapas aparecem em muitas áreas, incluindo mecânica celestial, física de plasmas, química etc. Nesse artigo serão introduzidos dois exemplos de mapas simpléticas, o mapa padrão e o mapa padrão não-twist, explorando a transformação do espaço de fase conforme os parâmetros de controle são alterados. Além disso, também apresentamos, para mapas não-twist, que o movimento caótico é separado no espaço de fase pela barreira de transporte não-twist. liberdade computadores precisão áreas celestial plasmas etc simpléticas nãotwist, nãotwist não twist, twist não-twist alterados disso apresentamos nãotwist. twist.

Symplectic maps can provide a straightforward and accurate way to visualize and quantify the dynamics of conservative systems with two degrees of freedom. These maps can be easily iterated from the simplest computers to obtain trajectories with great accuracy. Their usage arises in many fields, including celeste mechanics, plasma physics, chemistry, and so on. In this paper we introduce two examples of symplectic maps, the standard map and the standard non-twist map, exploring the phase space transformation as their control parameters are varied. Furthermore, for the non-twist map, we also present, that its chaotic motion is separated in phase space by the non-twist transport barrier. freedom accuracy fields mechanics physics chemistry on nontwist non twist varied Furthermore present barrier

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9126-rbef-2022-0333

Simulações de experimentos didáticos em física médica com TOPAS MC
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S.R. Neto, Ruy

; de Souza, Felipe M.L.

; Fidelis, André L.E.

; Rocha, Arthur M.

; de Santana, Larissa G.O.

; da Rosa, Luiz A.R.

; Cardoso, Simone C.

Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física

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2023, Volume 45 elocation e20220231

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O ensino de Física Médica evolui a cada ano no Brasil. A necessidade de métodos didáticos e interativos cresce de maneira proporcional visando uma maior motivação e melhor aprendizagem por parte dos alunos. Nos cursos de graduação em Física Médica no Brasil, a disciplina de Física das Radiações é fundamental para a formação profissional do estudante. O objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar o código de Monte Carlo TOPAS para simular experimentos que possibilitem a discussão de conteúdos abordados na disciplina de Física das Radiações. A ferramenta poderá ser utilizada por docentes ao ministrar essa disciplina e por alunos que queiram aprofundar seus conhecimentos e serem introduzidos ao método de Monte Carlo. Inicialmente, foi realizada a validação do TOPAS para os espectros de fótons utilizados através da comparação com dados da literatura. Com isso, foi possível elaborar os arquivos de entrada e realizar a análise de dados dos arquivos de saída para diferentes configurações de irradiação abordadas academicamente de modo a evidenciar a influência de fatores como: estatística das curvas pelo número de histórias; tamanho do campo de irradiação; meios homogêneos e heterogêneos; feixes incidentes de diferentes naturezas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as simulações elaboradas possibilitam uma análise correta e dinâmica dos processos de interação da radiação com a matéria abordados em Física das Radiações. Brasil estudante Inicialmente literatura isso como histórias heterogêneos naturezas

The teaching of medical physics evolves every year in Brazil. The need for didactic and interactive methods grows proportionally, aiming at greater motivation and better learning on the students’ behalf. In undergraduate courses in medical physics in Brazil, the discipline of radiation physics is fundamental for the student’s professional formation. The purpose of this work is to utilize the TOPAS Monte Carlo to simulate experiments that allow the discussion over covered contents on the discipline of radiation physics related to medical physics. The tool may be used by teachers to minister this discipline and by students that may want to deepen their knowledge and be introduced to the Monte Carlo method. Initially, it was done the code validation for the photon spectra used through the comparison with literature. Therefore, it was possible to elaborate the input archives and perform the output archives data analysis for different irradiation setups covered by the academic community in order to evince factors influence, such as: curves statistics by the number of histories; irradiation field size; homogeneous and heterogeneous medium; different incident beams natures. The obtained results show that the performed simulations allow a correct and dynamic analysis of the radiation interaction processes with matter approached in radiation physics. Brazil proportionally behalf student s formation method Initially literature Therefore influence as histories size medium natures

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9126-rbef-2022-0231

Art and science: impact of semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral singing on quality of life in subjects with congenital GH deficiency
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Andrade, Bruna M. R. de

; Valença, Eugenia H. O.

; Salvatori, Roberto

; Oliveira Neto, Luiz A.

; Souza, Anita H. O.

; Oliveira, Alaíde H. A.

; Oliveira, Mario C.P.

; Melo, Enaldo V.

; Carvalho, Susana de

; Sales, Neuza J

; Monteiro, Gisane C.

; Lima, José Marcel de

; Annunziato, Marcos Felipe Harder

; Mannis, Guilherme Daniel Breternitz

; Souza, Lucas E. de A.

; Goes, Yasmin D.

; Carvalho, Thayza S.

; Farias, Celiane de

; Santos, Michela P. dos

; Cardoso, Gabriela P. F.

; Sousa, Carla S. Pereira

; Santana, Julia Rodrigues

; Sales, Ester Almeida

; d’Avila, Jeferson Sampaio

; Aguiar-Oliveira, Manuel H.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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apr 2022, Volume 66 N. 2 Pages 198 - 205

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objectives: Currently, not much is known about the interactions between voice and growth hormone (GH). We have described large kindred with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a GHRH receptor mutation, resulting in severe short stature and high-pitched voice. These IGHD individuals have little interest in GH treatment, as they consider themselves “short long-lived people”, rather than patients. Interestingly, they report normal general quality of life, but they rate their Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) as low. Here, we assessed the social and auditory-perceptual impacts of artistic-intervention voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) and choral singing, on their voices. Material and methods: Seventeen GH-naïve adult IGHD individuals were enrolled in a single-arm interventional pre-post study with 13 weekly sessions of choir singing over 90 days. Outcome measures were V-RQOL scores, self-assessment of voice, and auditory-perceptual analysis (GRBAS scale, G: grade of the severity of dysphonia; R: roughness; B: breathiness; A: asthenia; and S: strain). Results: Marked improvements in total (p = 0.0001), physical (p = 0.0002), and socioemotional (p = 0.0001) V-RQOL scores and in self-assessment of voice (p = 0.004) were found. The general grades of vocal deviation (p = 0.0001), roughness (p = 0.0001), breathiness (p = 0.0001) and strain (p = 0.0001) exhibited accentuated reductions. Conclusions: Voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral training improved social impact and perceptual voice assessments in IGHD subjects and markedly improved their voice-related quality of life. This is particularly important in a setting where GH replacement therapy is not widely accepted.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000449

Seep hunting in the Santos Basin, Southwest Atlantic: sampling strategy and employed methods of the multidisciplinary cruise BIOIL 1
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Sumida, Paulo Y. G.

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Lourenço, Rafael A.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Bendia, Amanda G.

; Carrerette, Orlemir

; Nakamura, Fernanda M.

; Ramos, Raissa B.

; Bergamo, Gilberto

; Souza, Bruno H. M.

; Butarelli, Ana C. A.

; Passos, Júlia G.

; Dias, Rodolfo J. S.

; Maly, Mascimiliano

; Banha, Thomás N. S.

; Güth, Arthur Z.

; Soares, Luiza F.

; Perugino, Paula D. N.

; Santos, Felipe R.

; Santana, Frederico R.

; Mahiques, Michel M. de

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 Suppl. 2 elocation e22031

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The continental margin off the southeastern Brazilian coast is punctuated by a series of geological-geomorphological features, such as subsurface saline diapirs and pockmarks at the seafloor interface, which evidence the abundant presence of oil and gas in the region. In several of these sites, hydrocarbons can be naturally released into the water column, areas are cold seep areas. These are marked by the presence of oil- and gas-dependent ecosystems, where specific organisms are able to fix carbon from hydrocarbon chemosynthesis. In addition, light hydrocarbon fluid flow through the sediment may build up authigenic carbonates that can be further colonized by cold-water corals, generating large carbonate mounds over geological time, normally positioned at the border of these pockmark features. The present work reports on a multidisciplinary oceanographic cruise carried out in the Santos Basin, SW Atlantic, to seek, map, and collect geological, chemical, and biological data from different deep-sea habitats. The cruise occurred in November 2019 on the R/V Alpha Crucis of the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP). We intended to discover and detail different geomorphological features, characterize free-living and symbiotic microorganisms, determine the chemosynthetic rates in relation to heterotrophic microbial production, and characterize the fauna and study their ecological and evolutionary links within and across ocean basins. All discoveries made during the cruise and their respective results will be presented separately in several papers that comprise this special volume.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.22077pygs

Restauración de la Caatinga: métodos propuestos para recuperar el más exclusivo y menos conocido ecosistema de Brasil
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Socolowski, Fábio

; Vieira, Daniela C. M.

; Souza, Bruno R.

; Melo, Felipe P. L.

; Rodrigues, Renato G.

Multequina

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dec 2021, Volume 30 N. 2 Pages 247 - 263

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen En este trabajo presentamos las principales técnicas de restauración desarrolladas para aten der a la demanda de restauración de las zonas secas de Brasil impactadas por grandes obras de infraestructura. Desarrollamos un conjunto de técnicas de nucleación de bajo costo y fácil implementación para recuperar áreas con alto grado de degradación, considerando tanto elementos de las áreas sin vegetación como las condiciones del paisaje alrededor. Proponemos un total de cinco tipos de intervención, que van desde una sencilla siembra directa monoespecífica hasta el aprovechamiento de restos de ramas y cactus para formar un cinturón protector de nú cleos de plántulas plantadas. Hasta la fecha, esas son las técnicas que más se han adaptado a las condiciones de campo, sin auxilio de riego y con bajo costo de mantenimiento. Creemos que el monitoreo a largo plazo de estas técnicas proveerá evidencias más robustas de su eficacia, pero los resultados preliminares son positivos. La restauración de la Caatinga es un reto enorme para la ciencia de la restauración en Brasil, así como una oportunidad de desarrollo para métodos y técnicas novedosas en restauración ecológica.

Abstract In this paper we present the main ecological restoration techniques developed to meet a need to restore dry areas in Brazil impacted by great infrastructure works. A set of inexpensive and easy to execute nucleation techniques was developed to recover very degraded areas, considering both the elements of deforested areas and the surrounding landscape conditions. Five types of intervention have been proposed, ranging from simple monospecific direct seeding to the use of remnants of branches and cacti to form a protective fence for planted seedling nuclei. Until now, these are the techniques more adapted to field conditions, without irrigation aid and with low maintenance costs. We believe that long term monitoring of these techniques will provide more robust evidence of their effectiveness, but the preliminary results are positive. The restoration of Caatinga is a huge challenge for the science of restoration in Brazil, as well as an opportunity to develop new methods and techniques for ecological restoration.

Screening of Alkaloid-Producing Endophytic Penicillium Strains from Amazon Medicinal Plants by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
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Silva-Filho, Francinaldo A. da

; Souza, Marjory M. M. de

; Rezende, Gabriel O.

; Silva, Felipe M. A. da

; Cruz, Jeferson C. da

; Silva, Gilvan F. da

; Souza, Afonso D. L. de

; Souza, Antonia Q. L. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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sep 2021, Volume 32 N. 9 Pages 1832 - 1839

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The genus Penicillium is among the most promising alkaloid-producing fungal and therefore plays an important role in terms of producing molecules with biotechnological potential. Thus, in order to identify alkaloid-producing fungi, 25 endophytic Penicillium strains previously isolated from Amazon medicinal plants were subject to an integrative approach based on direct infusion positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). The multivariate analysis pointed paxiline (1), glandicoline B (2), roquefortine C (3), and oxaline (5) as responsible for the segregation of three promising alkaloid-producing groups, been these groups constituted for P. chrysogenum, P. oxalicum, P. paxilli, and P. rubens strains. These alkaloids and the glandicoline A (4) were tentatively identified by multiple-stage mass spectrometry. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 were isolated and confirmed by using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Overall, the chemical profile analysis by ESI-MS along with PCA provided a simple and effective approach to screening alkaloid-producing Penicillium strains for biotechnological applications.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210074 20 downloads

Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Angina Instável e Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST – 2021
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Nicolau, José Carlos

; Feitosa Filho, Gilson Soares

; Petriz, João Luiz

; Furtado, Remo Holanda de Mendonça

; Précoma, Dalton Bertolim

; Lemke, Walmor

; Lopes, Renato Delascio

; Timerman, Ari

; Marin Neto, José A.

; Bezerra Neto, Luiz

; Gomes, Bruno Ferraz de Oliveira

; Santos, Eduardo Cavalcanti Lapa

; Piegas, Leopoldo Soares

; Soeiro, Alexandre de Matos

; Negri, Alexandre Jorge de Andrade

; Franci, Andre

; Markman Filho, Brivaldo

; Baccaro, Bruno Mendonça

; Montenegro, Carlos Eduardo Lucena

; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo

; Barbosa, Carlos José Dornas Gonçalves

; Virgens, Cláudio Marcelo Bittencourt das

; Stefanini, Edson

; Manenti, Euler Roberto Fernandes

; Lima, Felipe Gallego

; Monteiro Júnior, Francisco das Chagas

; Correa Filho, Harry

; Pena, Henrique Patrus Mundim

; Pinto, Ibraim Masciarelli Francisco

; Falcão, João Luiz de Alencar Araripe

; Sena, Joberto Pinheiro

; Peixoto, José Maria

; Souza, Juliana Ascenção de

; Silva, Leonardo Sara da

; Maia, Lilia Nigro

; Ohe, Louis Nakayama

; Baracioli, Luciano Moreira

; Dallan, Luís Alberto de Oliveira

; Dallan, Luis Augusto Palma

; Mattos, Luiz Alberto Piva e

; Bodanese, Luiz Carlos

; Ritt, Luiz Eduardo Fonteles

; Canesin, Manoel Fernandes

; Rivas, Marcelo Bueno da Silva

; Franken, Marcelo

; Magalhães, Marcos José Gomes

; Oliveira Júnior, Múcio Tavares de

; Filgueiras Filho, Nivaldo Menezes

; Dutra, Oscar Pereira

; Coelho, Otávio Rizzi

; Leães, Paulo Ernesto

; Rossi, Paulo Roberto Ferreira

; Soares, Paulo Rogério

; Lemos Neto, Pedro Alves

; Farsky, Pedro Silvio

; Cavalcanti, Rafael Rebêlo C.

; Alves, Renato Jorge

; Kalil, Renato Abdala Karam

; Esporcatte, Roberto

; Marino, Roberto Luiz

; Giraldez, Roberto Rocha Corrêa Veiga

; Meneghelo, Romeu Sérgio

; Lima, Ronaldo de Souza Leão

; Ramos, Rui Fernando

; Falcão, Sandra Nivea dos Reis Saraiva

; Dalçóquio, Talia Falcão

; Lemke, Viviana de Mello Guzzo

; Chalela, William Azem

; Mathias Júnior, Wilson

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jul 2021, Volume 117 N. 1 Pages 181 - 264

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210180 3052 downloads

Efeitos do Exercício Aeróbico Tardio na Remodelação Cardíaca de Ratos com Infarto do Miocárdio Pequeno
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Souza, Lidiane M.

; Okoshi, Marina P.

; Gomes, Mariana J.

; Gatto, Mariana

; Rodrigues, Eder A.

; Pontes, Thierres H. D.

; Damatto, Felipe C.

; Oliveira, Leiliane R. S.

; Borim, Patrícia Aparecida

; Lima, Aline R. R.

; Zornoff, Leonardo A. M.

; Okoshi, Katashi

; Pagan, Luana U.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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apr 2021, Volume 116 N. 4 Pages 784 - 792

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: O exercício físico tem sido considerado uma importante terapia não farmacológica para a prevenção e tratamento das doenças cardiovasculares. No entanto, seus efeitos na remodelação cardíaca leve não são claros. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do exercício aeróbico sobre a capacidade funcional, estrutura cardíaca, função ventricular esquerda (VE) e expressão gênica das subunidades da NADPH oxidase em ratos com infarto do miocárdio pequeno (IM). Métodos: Três meses após a indução do IM, ratos Wistar foram divididos em três grupos: Sham; IM sedentário (IM-SED); e IM exercício aeróbico (IM-EA). Os ratos se exercitaram em uma esteira três vezes por semana durante 12 semanas. Um ecocardiograma foi realizado antes e após o treinamento. O tamanho do infarto foi avaliado por histologia e a expressão gênica por RT-PCR. O nível de significância para análise estatística foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: Ratos com IM menor que 30% da área total do VE foram incluídos no estudo. A capacidade funcional foi maior no IM-EA do que nos ratos Sham e IM-SED. O tamanho do infarto não diferiu entre os grupos. Ratos infartados apresentaram aumento do diâmetro diastólico e sistólico do VE, diâmetro do átrio esquerdo e massa do VE, com disfunção sistólica. A espessura relativa da parede foi menor no grupo IM-SED do que nos grupos IM-EA e Sham. A expressão gênica das subunidades NADPH oxidase NOX2, NOX4, p22phox e p47phox não diferiu entre os grupos. Conclusão: Infarto do miocárdio pequeno altera a estrutura cardíaca e a função sistólica do VE. O exercício aeróbico tardio pode melhorar a capacidade funcional e a remodelação cardíaca por meio da preservação da geometria ventricular esquerda. A expressão gênica das subunidades da NADPH oxidase não está envolvida na remodelação cardíaca, nem é modulada pelo exercício aeróbico em ratos com infarto do miocárdio pequeno.

Abstract Background: Physical exercise has been considered an important non-pharmacological therapy for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its effects on minor cardiac remodeling are not clear. Objective: To evaluate the influence of aerobic exercise on the functional capacity, cardiac structure, left ventricular (LV) function, and gene expression of NADPH oxidase subunits in rats with small-sized myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Three months after MI induction, Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Sham; sedentary MI (MI-SED); and aerobic exercised MI (MI-AE). The rats exercised on a treadmill three times a week for 12 weeks. An echocardiogram was performed before and after training. The infarction size was evaluated by histology, and gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR. The significance level for statistical analysis was set at 5%. Results: Rats with MI lower than 30% of the LV total area were included in the study. Functional capacity was higher in MI-AE than in Sham and MI-SED rats. The infarction size did not differ between groups. Infarcted rats had increased LV diastolic and systolic diameter, left atrial diameter, and LV mass, with systolic dysfunction. Relative wall thickness was lower in MI-SED than in the MI-AE and Sham groups. Gene expression of the NADPH oxidase subunits NOX2, NOX4, p22phox, and p47phox did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Small-sized MI changes cardiac structure and LV systolic function. Late aerobic exercise is able to improve functional capacity and cardiac remodeling by preserving the left ventricular geometry. NADPH oxidase subunits gene expression is not involved in cardiac remodeling or modulated by aerobic exercise in rats with small-sized MI.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20190813 362 downloads

10.

Fecal microbiota transplantation via colonoscopy in a dog with Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection
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Diniz, Amanda Nadia

; Souza, Angélica da Costa Ferreira de

; Nepomuceno, Anelise Carvalho

; Marcelino, Sóstenes Apolo Correia

; Pierezan, Felipe

; Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria

; Silva, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira

Ciência Rural

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2021, Volume 51 N. 3 elocation e20200783

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Em cães, a terapia antimicrobiana para infecções por Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile é baseada apenas no uso de metronidazol, limitando as opções de tratamento nos casos de recorrência. O transplante de microbiota fecal (FMT) tem sido utilizado com sucesso em seres humanos com infecções recorrentes por C. difficile, porém a utilidade desse método é ainda amplamente desconhecida em cães. O presente trabalho relata a utilização de FMT para o tratamento de um cão com diarreia crônica-recorrente por C. difficile. A infecção foi confirmada por detecção das toxinas A/B e isolamento de uma estirpe toxigênica do ribotipo 106, linhagem comumente associada a infecção em seres humanos. Após o transplante via colonoscopia, o animal se recuperou do quadro e C. difficile não mais foi encontrado em novas amostras fecais. O presente trabalho sugere que o FMT possa ser útil para o tratamento de quadros de C. difficile em cães, corroborando protocolo atual de tratamento em seres humanos.

ABSTRACT: In dogs, antimicrobial therapy for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is based solely on metronidazole, leaving limited treatment options in case of recurrent disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been successfully used in humans with recurrent CDI, whereas the usefulness of this approach is largely unknown in dogs. In the present study, a dog with a chronic-recurring diarrhea was treated with FMT via colonoscopy. CDI was confirmed by A/B toxin detection and isolation of toxigenic C. difficile from ribotype 106, a strain also commonly associated with nosocomial infection in humans. The dog recovered well after the procedure and C. difficile was no longer isolated from its stool sample. The present research suggested that FMT could be a useful tool to treat recurrent CDI in dogs, corroborating the actual protocol in humans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200783 685 downloads

11.

The first notosuchian crocodyliform from the Araçatuba Formation (Bauru Group, Paraná Basin), and diversification of sphagesaurians
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PINHEIRO, ANDRÉ EDUARDO P.

; SOUZA, LUCY G. DE

; BANDEIRA, KAMILA L.N.

; BRUM, ARTHUR S.

; PEREIRA, PAULO VICTOR LUIZ G.C.

; CASTRO, LUÍS OTÁVIO R. DE

; RAMOS, RENATO R.C.

; SIMBRAS, FELIPE M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 elocation e20201591

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The mesoeucrocodylian record from the Bauru Group (Paraná Basin, Brazil) comes from three formations: Adamantina (Late Turonian–Early Maastrichtian), Presidente Prudente (Early Campanian–Early Maastrichtian) and Marília (Maastrichtian). These records are restricted to the Early Coniacian–Early Maastrichtian. Here, we report a new crocodyliform record from the Bauru Group, which was the first of the Araçatuba Formation, from a new locality of Coronel Goulart district, in Álvares Machado municipality. Coronelsuchus civali gen. nov. et sp. nov. comprises two related specimens - FFP PG 13 and FFP PG 14 recovered close to each other and on the same muddy sandstone level. We perform a phylogenetic analysis with 392 characters (five new added) and 88 taxa. Our analyses supported the new clades: Sphagesauria, Sphagesaurinae and Caipirasuchinae. Our phylogenetic results suggest C. civali as a basal Sphagesauria. Regarding the Crocodyliform Assemblage Zones (CAZ), the new species is correlated to the CAZ 1, together with small sphagesaurians, Caryonosuchus and itasuchids. The C. civali reveals an older appearing (pre-Turonian) and diversification of Sphagesauria. The specimens also expand the stratigraphic range for Notosuchia in the Bauru Group.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201591 578 downloads

12.

Practical procedures to body weight estimation and correction factors applied to Campolina horses
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Souza, Felipe Amorim Caetano de

; Teixeira, Glaciane Lopes

; Fernandes, Tales Jesus

; Muniz, Fabiana Rezende

; Cunha, Fabiana Oliveira

; Meirelles, Sarah Laguna Conceição

; Muniz, Joel Augusto

; Moura, Raquel Silva de

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2021, Volume 50 elocation e20200047

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the following six body weight (BW) estimation methods in Campolina (CAM) horses: A - weight tape placed at three different positions on the animal’s thorax; B - Crevat and Quetelet’s formula; C - Hall’s formula; D - Hintz and Griffiths’s table; E - Santos’s table; and F - Cintra’s formula. A total of 380 CAM horses were separated according to sex, age class, and gestational stage and evaluated. To determine their accuracy, weights measured on a scale and weight estimates of the six methods were compared by paired t-test, mean prediction error (MPE), and coefficient of determination (R2), using R software. The predictive capacity of method F was lower in the 6-12 months age class, so this formula is not indicated. The BW was overestimated compared with the actual weight by methods A (with weight tape placed in position 3) and B and underestimated by method C. Methods D and E accurately estimated BW of CAM horses. Correction factors are required to accurately estimate BW in this breed using methods B and C. Method A with the weight tape placed in position 2 is the most accurate for predicting BW, including pregnant female horses, and can, therefore, be considered the most suitable method for estimating BW of CAM horses.

https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5020200047 119 downloads

13.

Time series evaluation of ascitic syndrome condemnation at poultry abattoirs under Federal Inspection Service of Brazil (2010-2019)
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Souza, Marina C.C.

; Borges, Luiz Felipe N.M.

; Nascimento, Yago F.

; Costa, Letícia R.M.

; Dias, Sthéfany C.

; Ventura, Nayla K.O.

; Freire, Isabela S.

; Cossi, Marcus V.C.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2021, Volume 41 elocation e06806

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a série histórica (2010-2019) de condenações parciais e totais de carcaças de aves por síndrome ascítica em abatedouros registrados no SIF localizados nos principais estados produtores de carne de frango. Através de dados oficiais, foram calculados o índice de ocorrência de condenações (IOC) e o índice de sazonalidade ajustado (ISA). A taxa de condenação foi de 1.140 carcaças condenadas total ou parcialmente por síndrome ascítica a cada 1.000.000 de aves abatidas. O menor e maior IOCs foram encontrados em São Paulo (fevereiro/2010) e em Goiás (janeiro/2017), respectivamente. A ocorrência de condenações por esta síndrome teve comportamento cíclico ao longo da série histórica, apresentando picos de condenação em todos os anos avaliados, sendo os maiores ISAs encontrados nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro, com índices variando entre 1,24 e 1,54 nestes meses. Considerando o período de alojamento pré-abate, os maiores valores de ISAs coincidiram com o período mais frio do ano (Maio a Agosto) para todos os estados analisados. Os resultados mostram que síndrome ascítica é um problema crescente no Brasil, com maior ocorrência durante os meses frios do ano, impactando negativamente a saúde dos animais e a lucratividade dos produtores e indústrias da cadeia produtiva de frango de corte.

ABSTRACT: Over the last decade, Brazil registered a 10.56% increase in the number of poultry slaughtered in establishments registered under the “Serviço de Inspeção Federal” (SIF - Federal Inspection Service), as a result of technological advances in management, health and genetics applied to national aviculture. At slaughter, during post-mortem inspection, carcasses can be totally or partially condemned for various reasons, including ascitic syndrome. This syndrome has economic implications for the industry, in addition to being a problem for the health and welfare of poultry. The objective of this work was to evaluate the historical series (2010-2019) of partial and total condemnations of poultry carcasses due to ascitic syndrome in slaughterhouses registered under the SIF and located in the main poultry-producing states. Through official data, the condemnation occurrence index (COI) and the adjusted seasonal index (ASI) were calculated. The condemnation rate was 1,140 carcasses condemned, totally or partially, for ascitic syndrome for every 1,000,000 poultry slaughtered. The smallest and largest COIs were found in São Paulo (February 2010) and in Goiás (January 2017), respectively. The occurrence of condemnations for this syndrome was cyclical throughout the historical series, showing peaks of condemnation in all years evaluated, with the highest ASIs in July, August and September, and with rates varying between 1.24 and 1.54 in these months. Considering the period of pre-slaughter housing, the highest ASIs coincide with the coldest period of the year (May to August) for all analyzed states. The results show that ascitic syndrome is a growing problem in Brazil, with greater occurrence during the coldest months of the year, having a negative impact on animal health and the profitability of producers and industries in the poultry production chain.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6806

14.

ASARONE-DERIVED PHENYLPROPANOIDS AND ISOQUINOLINE-DERIVED ALKALOIDS FROM THE BARK OF Duguetia pycnastera (Annonaceae) AND THEIR CYTOTOXICITIES
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Souza, César A. S. de

; Nardelli, Victória B.

; Paz, Weider H. P.

; Pinheiro, Maria Lúcia B.

; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina B. da C.

; Bomfim, Larissa M.

; Soares, Milena B. P.

; Bezerra, Daniel P.

; Chaar, Jamal da S.

; Koolen, Hector H. F.

; Silva, Felipe M. A. da

; Costa, Emmanoel Vilaça

Química Nova

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dec 2020, Volume 43 N. 10 Pages 1397 - 1403

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The phytochemical investigation of the hexane and methanol extracts from the bark of Duguetia pycnastera Sandwith (Annonaceae) afforded seven known compounds, two asarone-derived phenylpropanoids and five isoquinoline-derived alkaloids. The asarones, γ-asarone (1-allyl-2,4,5-trimethoxybenzene) and 2,4,5-trimethoxy-styrene were isolated of the hexane extract while the aporphine alkaloids, O-methylmoschatoline, lysicamine, nornuciferidine, and guatterine N-oxide, and the benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, (S)-reticuline were isolated of the alkaloid fraction of the methanol extract. This is the first report of these compounds in D. pycnastera. γ-Asarone is being reported for the first time in the Annonaceae. Nornuciferidine is described for the second time in the Annonaceae while guatterine N-oxide is the third register. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by extensive analyses using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy in combination with MS. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds (except for nornuciferidine) was evaluated against cancer and non-cancerous cell lines, in which lysicamine was the most active compound, mainly against HL-60, HepG2, and K562 with IC50 values of 24.40, 28.86 and 38.75 µmol L-1, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170617 256 downloads

15.

Effect of refrigeration at -1°C on spermatozoa quality of domestic cats
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Souza, Anne K.

; Trautwein, Luiz Guilherme C.

; Paranzini, Cristiane S.

; Schnitzer, Josiana F.

; Perencin, Felipe M.

; Cardoso, Guilherme S.

; Martins, Maria Isabel M.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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apr 2020, Volume 40 N. 4 Pages 306 - 314

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade espermática de gatos domésticos obtidos por eletroejaculação e recuperação da cauda do epidídimo após a refrigeração a -1°C e a 4°C por 24 e 48 horas. Vinte e nove gatos adultos (2 a 6kg) foram utilizados. A colheita de espermatozoides foi realizada por eletroejaculação (EEJ) e, após 48 horas, os gatos foram orquiectomizados, e as amostras espermáticas foram obtidas a partir do ducto deferente e da cauda do epidídimo (EPD). As amostras foram diluídas em ACP-117® e as características espermáticas foram avaliadas em três momentos distintos: fresco, 24 e 48 horas após a refrigeração. Para ser possível comparar as duas temperaturas de refrigeração, a primeira etapa foi analisar se havia diferença entre as técnicas de colheita. Após isto, dois experimentos foram conduzidos: no primeiro, espermatozoides de 14 gatos foram utilizados e a refrigeração foi realizada a -1°C; e no segundo, amostras de 15 gatos foram utilizados e os espermatozoides foram refrigerados a 4°C. A cinética espermática foi avaliada por análise computadorizada (CASA), a concentração por câmara de Neubauer, a morfologia espermática foi avaliada pela coloração de Karras modificada, e a integridade da membrana foi avaliada por eosina nigrosina. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados no software R, versão 3.2.5, utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney para variáveis com distribuições anormais, considerando significância ao nível de 5%. No ejaculado, maiores valores de defeitos morfológicos totais foram observados após 24 e 48 horas de refrigeração a 4°C (P<0,022) em comparação com refrigeração a -1°C, usando o teste de Friedman. Para quantificar a diminuição na qualidade espermática, as reduções dos parâmetros foram calculadas entre os pontos de tempo (F-24h/F-48h/24h-48h). Na EPD, uma maior redução na qualidade espermática foi detectada após 24 horas de refrigeração a 4°C, tanto na motilidade e na cinética espermática quanto nos índices de movimento e velocidade, em comparação com a refrigeração a -1°C. Com base nos resultados, pode concluir-se que a refrigeração dos espermatozoides felino a -1°C, até 48 horas, foi eficaz na manutenção da qualidade espermático colhidos por EEJ e EPD, e pode ser uma alternativa para a criopreservação de espermatozoides em felinos domésticos.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the sperm quality obtained of domestic cats by electroejaculation and recovery of the tail of the epididymis after cooling at -1°C and 4°C for 24 and 48 hours. Twenty-nine adult cats (2 to 6kg) were used. Sperm collection was performed by electroejaculation (EEJ), and after 48 hours, the cats were orchiectomized, and sperm sample was obtained from the vas deferens and epididymis tail (EPD). The samples were diluted in ACP-117® extender, and the sperm characteristics were evaluated at three different moments: when still fresh, 24 and 48 hours after cooling. In order to compare the two refrigeration temperatures, the first stage was to analyze if there was a difference between the harvesting techniques. After this, two experiments were conducted: in the first, sperm sample from 14 cats were used and the cooling was performed at -1°C; and in the second, sample from 15 cats were used and the sperm were refrigerated at 4°C. Sperm kinetics were evaluated by computerized analysis (CASA) and concentration by Neubauer chamber, spermatic morphology was evaluated by modified Karras staining, and membrane integrity was evaluated by eosin nigrosine. The results obtained were analyzed in R software, version 3.2.5 using the Mann-Whitney test for variables with abnormal distributions, considering significance at the level of 5%. In ejaculate samples, higher values of total morphological defects were observed after 24 and 48 hours of refrigeration at 4°C (P<0.022) compared to refrigeration at -1°C, using Friedman test. To quantify the decrease in sperm quality, parameter reductions were calculated among time points (F-24h/F-48h/24h-48h). In EPD samples, a greater reduction in sperm quality was detected after 24 hours of refrigeration at 4°C, both in motility and sperm kinetics and in the movement and velocity indices, compared to refrigeration at -1°C. Based on the results, it can be concluded that cooling of feline spermatozoa at -1°C for up to 48 hours was efficient in maintaining spermatic quality collected by EEJ and EPD, and it could be an alternative to spermatozoa cryopreservation in domestic felines.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6517 496 downloads

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