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1.
Modelo de associação de molas em sistemas atômicos bidimensionais
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A lei de Hooke estabelece uma relação direta entre a força aplicada e a deformação produzida num objeto, sendo a constante elástica o fator de proporcionalidade. Em disciplinas introdutórias de Física, a lei de Hooke é geralmente apresentada no contexto de molas reais. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem didática complementar do tema “elasticidade dos materiais”, utilizando-se de um modelo microscópico em que as ligações interatômicas comportam-se como molas e, assim, a constante elástica de uma estrutura pode ser prevista por uma fórmula fechada extremamente simples no caso de sistemas periódicos. Em particular, estruturas de nitreto de boro hexagonal monocamada foram modeladas a partir de uma combinação série-paralelo de molas idênticas. Para garantir maior simplicidade teórica, o modelo foi concebido dentro da aproximação linear da elasticidade. Um estudo realizado mostrou que o valor máximo de deformação axial para este regime é de 1,8%. O modelo foi testado através de simulações computacionais atomísticas e mostrou-se capaz de prever acuradamente a constante elástica das estruturas. Por fim, a abordagem proposta revelou-se didaticamente simples e interessante para ser explorada em cursos introdutórios de Física ou Engenharia, sobretudo pela confirmação da validade das regras usuais de combinação de molas no domínio microscópico.
Hooke’s law establishes a direct relationship between the applied force and deformation triggered on an object, with the elastic constant being the proportionality factor. Introductory Physics courses usually address Hooke’s law in the context of real springs. This paper proposes a complementary didactic approach to the topic “elasticity of materials”, considering a microscopic model in wich the interatomic bonding behave like springs. Thus, the elastic constant of these structures can be predicted by an extremely simple closed formula in the case of periodic systems. Particularly, monolayer hexagonal boron nitride structures were modeled from a series-parallel combination of identical springs. The model was developed within the linear approach of elasticity to ensure theoretical simplicity. A study was conducted to establish an optimal value corresponding to this regime, and 1.8% was determined as the maximum strain. The model was tested via atomistic computational simulations, being able to accurately predict the values of the elastic constants of the structures. Finally, the proposed approach proved to be didactically simple and interesting in introductory Physics or Engineering courses, mainly for the confirmation of the validity of the usual rules of spring combination in the microscopic domain.
2.
β-Carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid: antileishmanial and cytotoxic effects
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Gabriel, Renata S.
; Amaral, Ana Claudia F.
; Lima, Iasmim C.
; Cruz, Jefferson D.
; Garcia, Andreza R.
; Souza, Hercules Antonio S.
; Adade, Camila M.
; Vermelho, Alane B.
; Alviano, Celuta S.
; Alviano, Daniela S.
; Rodrigues, Igor A.
.
ABSTRACT Pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B remain as the main drugs to treat human leishmaniasis. However, the high toxicity and variable efficacy of treatment have stimulated the search for novel drug candidates. Naturally occurring alkaloids have a long history of antileishmanial activity. Here, we investigate the effects of the β-carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid isolated from Quassia amara L., Simaroubaceae, against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infatum. The alkaloid was isolated after liquid-liquid fractionation followed by chromatographic purification of the Q. amara methanol extract. The antileishmanial activity was evaluated by the microdilution method, using resazurin as the viability indicator. In addition, annexin and propidium iodide were used to detect parasites undergoing apoptosis. The anti-amastigote activity of the β-carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid was determined by the infection of RAW 264.7 macrophages. The alkaloid displayed leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes with 50% inhibitory concentration ranging from 2.7 ± 0.82 to 9.4 ± 0.5 µg/ml and selectivity indexes >10. Moreover, apoptotic Leishmania amazonensis (19.5%) and L. infantum (40.4%) promastigotes were detected after 5 h incubation with the alkaloid. Finally, the β-carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid inhibited the production of NO of infected macrophages, suggesting that the intracellular amastigote elimination occurs in a nitrosative stress-independent way. The results shown here suggest that the β-carboline-1-propionic acid alkaloid has potential as an antileishmanial agent.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2019.08.002
402 downloads
3.
Micobactérias diagnosticadas em gatos domésticos no sertão da Paraíba
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Firmino, Millena O.
; Frade, Maria T.S.
; Ferreira, Jefferson S.
; Alves, Aline S.
; Ikuta, Cassia Y.
; Ferreira Neto, José S.
; Souza, Almir P.
; Dantas, Antônio F.M.
.
RESUMO: Descrevem-se dois casos de infecção por Mycobacterium sp. em gatos domésticos no sertão da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os animais apresentavam emagrecimento progressivo, dispneia, tosse e linfadenomegalia generalizada em um dos casos, com evolução clínica de um e sete meses, respectivamente. Macroscopicamente as lesões estavam restritas aos linfonodos superficiais e/ou profundos e parênquima pulmonar, caracterizadas por nódulos multifocais ou multifocais a coalescentes, amarelados, irregulares que ao corte apresentavam áreas multifocais a coalescentes amareladas, friáveis e caseosa, além de áreas multifocais brancacentas e firmes. Histologicamente, verificou-se linfadenite e pneumonia granulomatosa caracterizada por áreas centrais de necrose e mineralização central circundadas por macrófagos, células epiteliais e tecido conjuntivo fibroso. No primeiro caso havia ainda hepatite granulomatosa discreta e aleatória. Em ambos os casos, foram visualizados bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes livres e no citoplasma de macrófagos na coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Houve imunomarcação para Mycobacterium sp. no citoplasma de macrófagos em ambos os casos. Na PCR, identificou-se apenas o gênero Mycobacterium no Caso 1 e Mycobacterium bovis no Caso 2. O diagnóstico de infecção por Mycobacterium sp. nos felinos foi realizado com base nos achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímica. Pela PCR foi realizado o diagnóstico etiológico de micobacteriose no Caso 1 e tuberculose por M. bovis no Caso 2. O diagnóstico das doenças causadas por micobactérias em felinos, principalmente aquelas em que M. bovis esteja envolvido, é de extrema importância para a saúde pública, destacando o potencial zoonótico desta espécie, pois muitos animais infectados podem ser assintomáticos ou apresentarem sinais clínicos inespecíficos.
ABSTRACT: This report describes two cases of domestic cats infected with Mycobacterium sp. in the backland of Paraiba, Northeast Brazil. The animals manifested nonspecific clinical signs, characterized by progressive weight loss, dyspnea, cough and generalized lymphadenomegaly in one cases, and clinical evolution of one and seven months respectively. Macroscopically the lesions were restricted to superficial and/or deep lymph nodes and pulmonary parenchyma, characterized by multifocal or multifocal to coalescent, yellowish and irregular nodules that presented multifocal areas with yellowish, friable and caseous as well as multifocal to coalescent, white and firm areas. Histologically, it was observed lymphadenitis and granulomatous pneumonia in both cases, varying in intensity of inflammatory response and degree of mineralization. The granulomas were constituted by macrophages and epithelioid cells, some with marked necrosis and central mineralization, surrounded by a large amount of connective tissue. In the first case there were also discrete and random granulomatous hepatitis. In both cases alcohol-acid-resistant bacilli were visualized inside the cytoplasm of macrophages in Ziehl-Neelsen staining; there was immunostaining for Mycobacterium sp. in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Through PCR was identified only the genus Mycobacterium in Case 1, and Mycobacterium bovis in Case 2. The diagnosis of Mycobacterium sp. In the cats was performed based on anatomopathological findings and immunohistochemistry. The PCR was performed the etiological diagnosis of mycobacteriosis in Case 1 and tuberculosis by M. bovis in Case 2. The diagnosis of diseases caused by mycobacteria in cats, especially those in which M. bovis was involved, is extremely important for public health highlighting the zoonotic potential of this species, since many infected animals may be asymptomatic or show nonspecific clinical signs.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5326
3643 downloads
4.
Impact of A/H1N1 influenza in children at a Brazilian University Hospital
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Biondo, Gabriela Fontanella
; Santana, João Carlos
; Lago, Patrícia M.
; Piva, Jefferson
; Souza, Paulo Ricardo A.
; Gaulke, Joana Genz
; Sebben, Juliana M.
.
ABSTRACT Background A/H1N1 influenza is a viral disease that affects a significant part of the population mainly in winter, leading to increased number of medical consultations, hospitalizations and consequently care spending in emergency. Methods This is a case-series retrospective study, involving patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil in 2016 with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory infection of the influenza type and laboratory confirmation of influenza A/H1N1. Results 64 patients were included, mostly male, median age of 48.3 months. Chronic underlying diseases were found in 73% of the patients, and these patients evolved to the most unfavorable outcome. About vaccination, of the 57 patients with an age range for vaccination, only 28% had complete vaccination coverage. The main clinical manifestations found in the included patients were fever, cough, intercostal indrawing, wheezing, tachypnea and pulmonary crackles. These patients were mainly followed-up with laboratory tests and chest X-ray. Consolidation was evident in 43% of patients followed by interstitial infiltrate in 33%. A five-day course of neuraminidase inhibitor was prescribed for all patients, as recommended by the WHO, but due to the complications, 73% of the patients required antibiotic therapy, and 61% oxygen therapy. The majority of patients had a favorable outcome, but 11 required intensive care and one died. Conclusions A/H1N1 influenza persists as an important public health problem, mainly due to high morbidity and hospitalization rates. It is important to identify patients with A/H1N1 influenza and clinical situations with higher risk of complications. Through this study, it is possible to analyze the characteristics of pediatric patients with A/H1N1 influenza and mainly to emphasize assistance of populations with comorbidities, since they present higher rates of complications and death.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2018.05.004
614 downloads
5.
Ozone saturation and decomposition kinetics in porous medium containing different hybrids of maize
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Souza, Jefferson V. da S.
; Alencar, Ernandes R. de
; Junqueira, Ana M. R.
; Oliveira, Gustavo P. de
.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
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RESUMO Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a saturação e a cinética de decomposição do ozônio em meio poroso contendo grãos de diferentes híbridos de milho. Foram utilizados híbridos de milho comum, AG 1051, e os de milho super doce, Tropical Plus, GSS 42072, GSS 41499 e GSS 41243. Foram usadas amostras de 1 kg de milho, com teores de água de 13,0% (b.u.), acondicionadas em recipientes de vidro com capacidade de 3,25 L. Os grãos foram ozonizados na concentração de 1,28 mg L-1, a 25 ºC e vazão do gás de 5,0 L min-1. Foram determinados o tempo e a concentração de saturação, o tempo de meia-vida, e as propriedades físicas massa específica aparente, massa específica real, porosidade, esfericidade e circularidade de cada um dos híbridos. O experimento foi realizado com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, utilizando-se análise de regressão dos dados. No que se refere ao tempo de saturação do gás, os valores obtidos permaneceram entre 6,6 e 163,9 min, com concentração de saturação variando de 0,34 a 1,12 mg L-1. Quanto ao tempo de meia-vida do ozônio, o maior valor obtido foi 10,5 min para o híbrido de milho comum AG 1051 e o menor valor 0,16 min, para o híbrido de milho super doce GSS 41499. Verificou-se que a saturação e cinética de decomposição do ozônio em milho é dependente do híbrido contido no meio poroso. A decomposição do ozônio é mais rápida em meio poroso contendo híbridos de milho super doce.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate ozone saturation and decomposition kinetics in porous medium containing grains of different hybrids of maize. The following hybrids were used: common maize hybrid AG 1051, super sweet maize hybrids Tropical Plus, GSS 42072, GSS 41499 and GSS 41243. 1 kg grain samples with water contents of 13.0% (w.b.) were placed in glass containers with 3.25 L capacity. The grains were ozonized at the concentration of 1.28 mg L-1, at 25 ºC, with gas flow rate of 5.0 L min-1. Saturation time and concentration, half-life time and physical properties such as apparent specific weight, actual specific weight, porosity, sphericity and circularity of each maize hybrid were determined. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates, using regression analysis of the data. Ozone saturation times remained between 6.6 and 163.9 min, with saturation concentration varying from 0.34 to 1.12 mg L-1. As for the ozone half-life time, the highest value was 10.5 min for the common maize hybrid AG 1051 and the lowest value was 0.14 min for the super sweet maize hybrid GSS 41499. It was concluded that ozone saturation and decomposition kinetics in maize depends on the hybrid contained in the porous medium. Ozone decomposition is faster in porous medium containing super sweet maize hybrids compared with the common maize hybrid.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n4p286-291
1003 downloads
6.
Multimodal assessment of patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
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Viana, Karlos Ítalo Souza
; Leão, Pedro M. Souza
; Fernandes, Letícia
; Siqueira, Rubens
; Ribeiro, Jefferson
; Jorge, Rodrigo
.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as diferenças de achados entre a angiofluoresceinografia (FA) e a angiografia digital com indocianina verde (ICG) em pacientes com coriorretinopatia serosa central crônica (CSC), incluindo imagens de tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT). Métodos: Série de casos em que 10 pacientes consecutivos com CSC crônica submetidos à avaliação multimodal, que incluiu FA, ICG e OCT (Spectralis HRA-OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg; Germany). Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto às mudanças como hiperfluorescências (causadas por aumento da transmissão da fluorescência coroidal normal, impregnação ou "pooling") e hipofluorescências (causadas pelo bloqueio ou defeito de enchimento vascular) nas fases precoce (4 minutos), intermediárias (4-8 minutos) e tardias (acima de 8 minutos) da angiografia e comparadas aos achados de OCT. Resultados: Sete dos 10 pacientes (19 olhos) eram homens, média (± DP) de idade dos pacientes foi de 50,7 ± 8,4 anos, e doença bilateral estava presente em nove dos 10 pacientes. Áreas de descontinuação ou atenuação da camada do epitélio pigmentado da retina (EPR), hiporreflectivas no OCT e hiperfluorescência por defeito em janela na FA e ICG ocorreram em locais coincidentes durante as mesmas fases do exame. Em áreas de descolamento seroso ou do EPR, o padrão de hiperfluorescência também foi semelhante em relação à FA e à ICG. No entanto, a ICG demonstrou áreas de hiperfluorescência secundária a hiperpermeabilidade coriocapilar sem mudança correspondente na FA em 12(70%) dos 19 olhos. Este achado da ICG ficou mais evidente nas fases precoces e intermediárias dos exames e não houve mudança evidente na arquitetura da retina no OCT nessas regiões de alteração de hiperpermeabilidade da coroide. Conclusão: Em pacientes com CSC crônica, a ICG pode revelar anormalidades da coróide não evidentes na FA. Esta informação pode ajudar a aperfeiçoar o moni to ramento e tratamento da CSC.
ABSTRACT Purpose: To examine differences between fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICG) findings in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), comparing these with optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. Methods: Ten consecutive patients with chronic CSC (19 eyes; 7 men; mean age, 50.7 ± 8.4 years) underwent multimodal evaluation that included FA, ICG, and OCT (Spectralis HRA-OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Changes such as hyperfluorescence (caused by increased transmission of the normal choroidal fluorescence, staining, or "pooling") and hypofluorescence (caused by a blockage or vascular filling defect) were evaluated in the early (4 min), middle (4-8 min) and late (>8 min) angiography phases and compared to OCT findings. Results: Bilateral disease was present in nine of the 10 patients. Areas of discontinuation or attenuation of the hyporeflective layer of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on OCT were observed at the same locations as hyperfluorescent angiography window defects on FA and ICG within examination phases. In areas of serous or RPE detachment, the hyperfluorescence pattern was similar on FA and ICG. However, ICG demonstrated areas of hyperfluorescence secondary to choriocapillaris hyperpermeability, with no corresponding change on FA in 12 (70%) of the 19 eyes. This finding was more evident in the middle and late phases of the examinations and there was no evident change in retinal architecture on OCT in these hyperpermeable choroidal regions. Conclusion: In patients with chronic CSC, ICG may reveal choroidal abnormalities that are not evident on FA. This finding may help optimize the monitoring and treatment of CSC.
https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20170044
1663 downloads
7.
Hyperspectral remote sensing as an alternative to estimate soil attributes
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Demattê, José A. M.
; Alves, Marcelo Rodrigo
; Gallo, Bruna Cristina
; Fongaro, Caio T.
; Souza, Arnaldo Barros e
; Romero, Danilo Jefferson
; Sato, Marcus Vinicius
.
A minimização de impactos ambientais e o aumento da produtividade agrícola dependem, principalmente, do conhecimento de características químicas, físicas e mineralógicas do solo. Os métodos tradicionais utilizados para este fim consomem muito tempo e são de elevado custo financeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de testar e validar um método de quantificação de atributos do solo pela energia eletromagnética refletida e detectada por espectrorradiometro no visível e infravermelho. Este procedimento surge como apoio ao método convencional de análise de solo. Para sua execução, as etapas de trabalho compreenderam duas fases: (1) criação e calibração de modelos estatísticos de determinação dos atributos do solo obtidos a partir de dados espectrais (obtidos por sensor em laboratório 450-2500 nm) extraídos de amostras de terra em uma área; (2) validação dos modelos estatísticos numa outra área desconhecida e correlações entre os valores estimados e determinados (método convencional). Concluiu-se que as equações dos atributos Fe2O3, Al2O3 e Argila, atingiram R2 > 0,80 podendo ser aplicadas a uma base de dados diferente daquela que foi utilizada na geração das equações, desde que pertença a mesma região de estudo.
Minimizing environmental impacts and increasing crop productivity depend mainly on the knowledge of chemical, physical and mineralogical characteristics of the soil attributes. However, traditional methods are timeconsuming and costly. The objective of this study was to determine and validate a method to quantify soil attributes using UV-Vis-NIR Spectroscopy as an alternative to conventional methods of soil analyses. The work comprised two main phases: (1) creation and calibration of statistical models to determine the soil attributes derived from spectral data extracted from soil samples collected in area 1, (2) validation of statistical models in area 2 and correlations between the estimated and observed values (conventional method) for each soil attribute. The equations of the attributes Fe2O3, Al2O3, and clay reached R2 > 0.80 and may be applied to a different database than the one that was used to generate the equations, provided that they belong to the same study site.
https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20150001
2371 downloads
8.
Hydroxylation of 1,8-cineole by Mucor ramannianusand Aspergillus niger
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Ramos, Aline de Souza
; Ribeiro, Joyce Benzaquem
; Teixeira, Bruna Gomes
; Ferreira, José Luiz Pinto
; Silva, Jefferson Rocha de A.
; Ferreira, Alexandre do Amaral
; Souza, Rodrigo Octavio Mendonça Alves de
; Amaral, Ana Claudia F.
.
The monoterpenoid 1,8-cineole is obtained from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus and it has important biological activities. It is a cheap natural substrate because it is a by-product of the Eucalyptuscultivation for wood and pulp production. In this study, it was evaluated the potential of three filamentous fungi in the biotransformation of 1,8-cineole. The study was divided in two steps: first, reactions were carried out with 1,8-cineole at 1 g/L for 24 h; afterwards, reactions were carried out with substrate at 5 g/L for 5 days. The substrate was hydroxylated into 2-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole and 3-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole by fungi Mucor ramannianus and Aspergillus niger with high stereoselectivity. Trichoderma harzianum was also tested but no transformation was detected. M. ramannianus led to higher than 99% of conversion within 24 h with a starting high substrate concentration (1 g/L). When substrate was added at 5 g/L, only M. ramannianuswas able to catalyze the reaction, but the conversion level was 21.7% after 5 days. Both products have defined stereochemistry and could be used as chiral synthons. Furthermore, biological activity has been described for 3-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of M. ramannianus in this reaction.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-838246120131020
2029 downloads
9.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
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; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
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; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
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; Pessoa, Edlley M.
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; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
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; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
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; Taylor, Nigel P.
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; Temponi, Lívia G.
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; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
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10.
Properties and controlled release of chitosan microencapsulated limonene oil
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Souza, Jefferson M.
; Caldas, Artemísia L.
; Tohidi, Shafagh D.
; Molina, Javier
; Souto, António P.
; Fangueiro, Raul
; Zille, Andrea
.
Chitosan microcapsules containing limonene essential oil as active ingredient were prepared by coacervation using three different concentrations of NaOH (0.50, 1.00, 1.45 wt%) and fixed concentrations of chitosan and surfactant of 0.50 wt%. The produced microcapsules were fully characterized in their morphology and chemical composition, and the kinetic release analysis of the active ingredient was evaluated after deposition in a non-woven cellulose fabric. The concentration of 1.00 and 1.45 wt% clearly show the best results in terms of dimension and shape of the microcapsules as well as in the volatility results. However, at the concentration of 1 wt% a higher number of microcapsules were produced as confirmed by FTIR and EDS analysis. Free microcapsules are spherical in size with disperse diameters between 2 and 12 μm. Immobilized microcapsules showed sizes from 4 to 7 μm, a rough surface and loss of spherical shape with pore formation in the chitosan walls. SEM analysis confirms that at higher NaOH concentrations, the larger the size of the microcapsules. This technique shows that by tuning NaOH concentration it is possible to efficiently control the release rate of encapsulated active agents demonstrating great potential as insect repellent for textiles.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2014.11.007
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11.
Latex fluids are endowed with insect repellent activity not specifically related to their proteins or volatile substances
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Ramos, Márcio V.
; Araújo, Eliane S.
; Oliveira, Raquel S. B.
; Teixeira, Fabiano M.
; Pereira, Danielle A.
; Cavalheiro, Mariana G.
; Souza, Diego P.
; Oliveira, Jefferson S.
; Freitas, Cleverson D. T. de
.
Latex is an endogenous milky fluid synthesized and accumulated under pressure in a network of laticifer cells. In this study, latices from five plant species were examined for deterrent effect on oviposition of two Coleoptera (Bruchidae) pests. The latex from Euphorbia tirucalli, Calotropis procera and Plumeria rubrae exhibited deterrent activity on oviposition of both Callosobruchus maculatusand Zabrotis subfasciatus beetles. The latex from Cryptostegia grandiflora and Himathantus drasticus were less effective to C. maculatus and Z. subfasciatus oviposition, respectively. Eggs laid on latex-treated seeds were not affected.The emergence and the mean time of development and weight of larvae grown in treated seeds were similar to the controls. The deterrent activity of C. procera and P. rubra was dose and time-dependent for Z. subfasciatus rather than to C. maculatus. The deterrent effect was completely eliminated if the whole latices were fractionated in protein fractions, rubber and small metabolites. Exposing insects to crude latices did not alter ovipostion on untreated seeds. These RESULTSsuggest that latices possess deterrent activity on insect oviposition mediated by a repellent effect, but that proteins and volatile substances are probably not involved. The repellent-like activity can be considered as a defensive role played by these fluids that relies on the combined action of their components.
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