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ABSTRACT Light is essential for providing energy for photosynthetic reactions and has a complex and not yet fully understood effect on heliconia growth and yield. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of light intensity on the growth and photosynthesis of heliconia under semi-arid conditions and to screen potential genotypes tolerant to high solar irradiation levels during the vegetative stage. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, PE, Brazil, whose geographic coordinates are 09° 19’ 14” S, 40° 32’ 40” W, with an average altitude of 387 m. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, arranged in a split-plot scheme, and the treatments were composed of two light intensities (full sun and 50% shading) and five genotypes (Heliconia psittacorum x H. spathocircinata cv. Golden Torch; H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal; H. bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two; H. rauliniana and H. rostrata). Growth and gas exchange assessments were conducted on the 100th day after the trial initiation. Light intensity (full sun and 50% shading) did not influence the rates of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), or transpiration (E) of plants. However, the isolated effect of the genotype revealed that plants of cv. Red Opal, H. bihai, H. rauliniana, and cv. Golden Torch had higher values of A, gs, and E. Overall, shading improved plant growth. We conclude that the genotypes H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal, and H. psittacorum cv. Golden Torch exhibited the greatest tolerances to high solar irradiance conditions.

RESUMO A luz é essencial por fornecer energia para as reações fotossintéticas e tem uma influência complexa e não totalmente compreendida no crescimento e produção de helicônias. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da intensidade de luz sobre o crescimento e fotossíntese de helicônias em condições semiáridas e a triagem de genótipos potenciais tolerantes as condições de altos níveis de irradiação solar durante o estágio vegetativo. O experimento foi conduzido em Petrolina-PE, Brasil, cujas coordenadas geográficas são: 09° 19’ 14” S, 40° 32’ 40” O, com altitude média de 387 m. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, e os tratamentos foram compostos por duas intensidades de luz (pleno sol e sombreamento de 50%) e cinco genótipos (Heliconia psittacorum x H. spathocircinata cv. Golden Torch; H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal; H. bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two; H. rauliniana e H. rostrata). No 100° dia após o início do experimento foram realizadas avaliações de crescimento e trocas gasosas. As intensidades de luz (pleno sol e sombreamento 50%) não influenciaram a taxa fotossintética (A), condutância estomática (gs) e transpiração (E) das plantas. Porém, o efeito isolado do genótipo revela que plantas de cv. Red Opal, H. bihai, H. rauliniana e cv. Golden Torch apresentaram maiores valores de A, gs e E. Em geral, o sombreamento favoreceu maior incremento no crescimento das plantas. Conclui-se que os genótipos H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal e H. psittacorum cv. Golden Torch exibem maior tolerância às condições de elevada irradiância solar.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n10p757-763

Agronomic characteristics and quality of lettuce cultivars in different crop seasons in western Alagoas, Brazil
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Pereira, Dalbert de F.

; Silva, Thiago P. da

; Freire, Winandy. A.

; Souza, Ênio G. F.

; Cruz, Ellen A. da

; Feitosa, Regilane M.

Revista Caatinga

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mar 2023, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 106 - 114

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Growing lettuce under high temperatures and light incidence, as in the Alagoas State hinterland, Brazil, induces early tasseling and decreases the quality of the product. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production and post-harvest quality of lettuce cultivars in different crop seasons in western Alagoas, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, with four replications. The treatments consisted of lettuce cultivars: Baba-de-Verão, Cinderela, Elba, Mônica, Solaris, and Veneranda. The winter crop was more favorable for plant diameter, except for Baba-de-Verão, whose performance was similar in both seasons and stood out in the summer. The winter crop resulted in better performance in plant height, stem diameter, and fresh matter yield, whereas summer plants reached larger number of leaves. The cultivar Mônica presented longer stem length, denoting lower tolerance to early tasseling and, therefore, it is not indicated to be grown in the region. The cultivar Baba-de-Verão (Lisa group) reached higher fresh matter yield, number of leaves per plant, and stem diameter, and it was the most adequate cultivar to be grown in western Alagoas. Elba, Solaris, and Veneranda were the lettuce cultivars from the Crespa group that stood out. Baba-de-Verão was the cultivar that presented the best performance for chlorophyll a, b, and total. The cultivar Solaris presented the highest carotenoid contents. Plants grown in the winter reached higher chlorophyll a and total, carotenoid contents, pH, and soluble solid (SS) to titratable acidity (TA) ratio, whereas the lettuce grown in the summer had higher SS and TA.

RESUMO A alface, quando produzida em altas temperaturas e elevada luminosidade, como as encontradas no Sertão Alagoano, é induzida ao pendoamento precoce e à baixa qualidade. Em função disso, o objetivo foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade pós-colheita de cultivares de alface em função de épocas de cultivo distintas no oeste do Estado de Alagoas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos referentes às cultivares Babá-de-Verão, Cinderela, Elba, Mônica, Solaris e Veneranda. Para diâmetro de planta, o cultivo de inverno foi mais favorável, com exceção da Babá-de-Verão que manteve o desempenho semelhante nas duas épocas e destaque da cultivar no verão. O cultivo de inverno proporcionou melhor desempenho de altura de planta, diâmetro de caule e produtividade de massa verde, enquanto no verão as plantas atingiram maior número de folhas. A cultivar Mônica obteve maior comprimento do caule, indicando menor tolerância ao pendoamento precoce, não sendo indicada para o cultivo na região. A Babá-de-Verão (lisa) atingiu maior produtividade de massa verde, número de folhas por planta e diâmetro de caule, sendo a cultivar mais adequada para o cultivo no oeste de Alagoas. Dentre as crespas, destacaram-se as cultivares Elba, Solaris e Veneranda. A cultivar que apresentou melhor desempenho para clorofilas a, b e totais foi a Babá-de-Verão. A Solaris obteve maior teor de carotenoides. As plantas de inverno alcançaram maiores clorofilas a e totais, carotenoides, pH e relação sólidos solúveis totais (SS) e acidez total titulável (TA), enquanto a alface de verão obteve maior SS e TA.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n112rc

An interdisciplinary therapy for lifestyle change is effective in improving psychological and inflammatory parameters in women with grade I obesity
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SOUZA, ADRIANA P. DE

; CARVALHO, LORENZA OLIVEIRA T.

; PEDROSO, AMANDA PAULA

; MORAES, AMANDA DE SANTOS

; CIPULLO, MARCOS ALBERTO TADDEO

; DÂMASO, ANA RAIMUNDA

; TELLES, MÔNICA M.

; OYAMA, LILA M.

; TASHIMA, ALEXANDRE K.

; CARANTI, DANIELLE A.

; RIBEIRO, ELIANE B.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 2 elocation e20230365

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Obesity and depression, disorders associated with inflammation, have high incidences in women. Understanding the derangements present in the initial phase of obesity may point to factors that could help avoiding disease aggravation. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of a 6-months interdisciplinary therapy for weight loss in women with grade I obesity. Before and after the therapy, 37 middle-aged women donated blood and responded to questionnaires for depression and anxiety symptoms. Inflammatory parameters were evaluated in serum and a preliminary screening of the plasma proteome was performed. The therapy decreased anthropometric, psychological scores, and serum levels of inflammatory parameters. Depression and anxiety scores correlated positively with some inflammatory parameters. The proteomic analysis showed changes in proteins related to cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory response. Interdisciplinary therapy improves anthropometric and inflammatory statuses and ameliorating psychological symptoms. The decrease of MCP-1 levels after interdisciplinary therapy has not been reported so far, at the best of our knowledge. The present demonstration of positive associations of inflammatory markers and psychological scores indicate that these mediators may be useful to monitor psychological status in obesity. The present proteome data, although preliminary, pointed to plasma alterations indicative of improvement of inflammation after interdisciplinary therapy.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230365

First record of Brachymeria amenocles (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) associated with larvae of Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Brazil
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SALAZAR-SOUZA, MÔNICA

; D’ALMEIDA, JOSÉ MARIO

; GONZALEZ, MARCELO S.

; AGUIAR, VALÉRIA M.

; FEDER, DENISE

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 3 elocation e20220918

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract In this work, we report for the first time the occurrence of the parasitoid wasp Brachymeria amenocles (Walker, 1846) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) associated with the larvae of the flesh fly, Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), in Brazil. This parasitoid species was collected together with the species Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787), in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, geographically located in the Southeast region of Brazil, in larvae of the same host species reared in the same attraction substrate, behaving as solitary parasitoids. A trap containing putrefying sardine was exposed for 48 h, in the upper part of a house, located in Vila Isabel, an urban area. The larvae collected were reared in the laboratory without control of environmental conditions. A total of three adult parasitoid wasps of the species B. podagrica, and nine adult parasitoid wasps of the species B. amenocles emerged from 12 host pupae, resulting in a prevalence of parasitoidism of 4.8% and 14.5%, respectively. Developing parasitoids at the pupal phase were observed in another 34 host pupae dissected.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220918

Official Position of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO) on the evaluation of body composition by densitometry—part II (clinical aspects): interpretation, reporting, and special situations
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Maeda, Sergio Setsuo

; Albergaria, Ben-Hur

; Szejnfeld, Vera Lúcia

; Lazaretti-Castro, Marise

; Arantes, Henrique Pierotti

; Ushida, Marcela

; Domiciano, Diogo Souza

; Pereira, Rosa Maria Rodrigues

; Marin-Mio, Rosângela Villa

; Oliveira, Mônica Longo de

; Mendonça, Laura Maria Carvalho de

; Prado, Mirley do

; Souza, Guilherme Cardenaz de

; Palchetti, Cecília Zanin

; Sarni, Roseli Oselka Saccardo

; Terreri, Maria Teresa

; Castro, Luiz Claudio Gonçalves de

; Artoni, Silvana Martinez Baraldi

; Amoroso, Lizandra

; Karcher, Débora Emy

; Prado, Carla M.

; Gonzalez, Maria Cristina

; Pinheiro, Marcelo de Medeiros

Advances in Rheumatology

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2022, Volume 62 elocation 11

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: To present an updated and evidence-based guideline for the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess body composition in clinical practice. Materials and methods: This Official Position was developed by the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism ( Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo , ABRASSO) and experts in the field who were invited to contribute to the preparation of this document. The authors searched current databases for relevant publications in the area of body composition assessment. In this second part of the Official Position, the authors discuss the interpretation and reporting of body composition parameters assessed by DXA and the use of DXA for body composition evaluation in special situations, including evaluation of children, persons with HIV, and animals. Conclusion: This document offers recommendations for the use of DXA in body composition evaluation, including indications, interpretation, and applications, to serve as a guiding tool in clinical practice and research for health care professionals in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-022-00240-9

Memory elicitation, T-cell response and antibody production: an independent study of an inactivated entire virus vaccine (Coronavac)
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SOUZA-SILVA, GUILHERME ANTONIO DE

; AQUINO, RODRIGO CESAR A. DE

; SOUSA, GEORON F. DE

; BARROS, BÁRBARA RAFAELA S.

; LIMA, MARÍLLIA RAPHAELLA C.F. DE

; CRUZ, LEONARDO C.O.

; MARCOS, BIANCA F. SÃO

; SILVA, ANNA JÉSSICA D.

; TALES, APARECIDA VIRGÍNIA S.

; DINIZ, MADI V.

; LIMA, MÔNICA MARIA C.

; SÁ, IGOR W.A. DE

; RODRIGUES, FÁBIO AUGUSTO C.

; SOUZA, EDSON B. DE

; NASCIMENTO, ARIONE V. DO

; VIEIRA, AMANDA M.

; CARVALHO, BRUNO M. DE

; CAMPELO JÚNIOR, EVÔNIO B.

; FREITAS, ANTONIO CARLOS DE

; MELO, CRISTIANE M.L. DE

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 N. 3 elocation e20211590

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Health professionals working to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic are one of the main risk groups for the disease, being prioritized for vaccination. Considering this, the aim of this study was to analyze the immune response of these professionals immunized with CoronaVac in the first and second doses. Blood samples were collected after the first and second doses of the vaccine (CoronaVac) and used to investigate hematological and biochemical parameters, analysis of immunoglobulin production, cytokines, and gene expression profile, as well as the identification of subsets of immune cells. Post-first dose immunological phenotypic memory (CD27+) profiles (T CD4+, TCD8+ and CD19+) showed a significant increase, as did Monocyte APCs (CD80+HLA-DR+) in relation to the second dose. The cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-° showed increased values in relation to the other analyzed cytokines. The Th2/Th17 profile in the second dose was characterized by gene expression analysis. The production of IgM and IgG after vaccination showed statistically significant values in the comparison between doses. CoronaVac showed activation of APCs monocytes, memory response of T and B lymphocytes, with immunoglobulins production. This set of responses is characterized by the Th2/Th17 immunological profile.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211590

Main etiological agents identified in 170 men with urethritis attended at the Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,
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de Souza, Lucilene Sales

; Sardinha, José Carlos

; Talhari, Sinésio

; Heibel, Marcel

; Santos, Mônica Nunes dos

; Talhari, Carolina

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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mar 2021, Volume 96 N. 2 Pages 176 - 183

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a global public health problem. Urethritis are among the most common STIs, and can cause several complications and facilitate the transmission of the HIV virus. Objectives: To investigate the main etiologic agents of urethritis in 170 men treated at Fundação Alfredo da Matta. Methods: To identify the agents, urethral exudate and urine were collected. Gram and culture tests were performed in Thayer-Martin medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and polymerase chain reaction for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and herpes simplex types 1 and 2. Results: N. gonorrhoeae were identified in 102 (60.0%) patients, C. trachomatis in 50 (29.4%), U. urealyticum in 29 (17.0%), M. genitalium in 11 (6.5 %), U. parvum in ten (5.9%), and M. hominis in seven (4.1%). Herpes simplex type 2 was diagnosed in 24 (21.6%) of the 111 patients who underwent PCR for this pathogen. In 69 cases there was co-infection; the most frequent were: N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in 21 (14.7%) patients; N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in 21 (12.4%) patients; N. gonorrhoeae and herpes simplex type 2 in 11 (6.5%), and N. gonorrhoeae and U. urealyticum in nine (5.3%). Study limitations: Not relevant. Conclusion: N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, and herpes simplex type 2 were the pathogens most frequently identified in the present study. The main coinfection found was N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. T. vaginalis and herpes simplex type 1 were not identified in any of the patients.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2020.07.007 167 downloads

Vitamin D status and prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in different genders throughout life stages: A Brazilian cross-sectional study
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Leão, Lenora M. Camarate S.M.

; Rodrigues, Bernardo Campos

; Dias, Paulo Telles Pires

; Gehrke, Bárbara

; Souza, Thiago da Silva Pereira de

; Hirose, Caio Kenji

; Freire, Mônica Di Calafiori

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e2571

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the mean concentration of 25-hydroxivitamin D [25(OH) D] and prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in individuals residing in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: The data of 80,000 consecutive individuals who had 25(OH) D measurements performed by electrochemiluminescence between 1/2/2018 and 2/5/2018 were selected. Patients who reported the use of therapies/supplements were excluded. Levels of 25(OH) D ≥20 ng/mL (ages <60 years) and ≥30 ng/mL (ages ≥60 years) were considered adequate. RESULTS: We analyzed the data of 24,074 individuals (1-95 years old, 64.7% female). Descriptive curves showed that, in both sexes, the mean values of 25(OH) D decreased from the first years of life until adolescence, then slightly increased, and then tended to stabilize during adulthood. Levels of 25(OH) D <20 ng/mL were observed in 6% of girls versus 3.6% of boys and in 13.6% of adolescent girls versus 12.6% of adolescent boys and 11% of adults. The percentage of seniors with serum levels of 25(OH) D <20 ng/mL was 13.6% in women and 12.7% in men; 53.2% of women and 50.6% of men had levels <30 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Mean 25(OH) D values were higher in children and lower in adolescents and women. Approximately 90% of non-seniors and presumably healthy residents of the urban metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro presented satisfactory levels of 25(OH) D during the summer months; however, in over half of the elderly, the serum concentrations of 25(OH) D were inadequate. Therefore, strategies for the prevention of hypovitaminosis D should be considered in the senior population.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e2571 351 downloads

Post-seminal development and morphoanatomy of vegetative and reproductive organs in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni (Asteraceae)
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ROSSI, MÔNICA L.

; SOUZA, EVERTON H.

; GRANER, ERIKA M.

; ALMEIDA, MARCÍLIO DE

; MARTINELLI, ADRIANA P.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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aug 2018, Volume 90 N. 2 Pages 2167 - 2177

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Stevia rebaudiana belongs to the Asteraceae family with high economic and medicinal potential. This article describes and illustrates morphological and histological aspects of leaves and reproductive organs, and the germination process, to provide detailed information on this species and to contribute to taxonomic, phylogenetic and pharmacobotanical projects. The fruit is a cypsela, small, simple, dry, indehiscent, monospermic, light or dark colored, with aristate pappus, and the seed presents a spatulate axile embryo. Germination is phaneroepigeal with a pivotal root system and many absorbing root hairs. The leaves are simple, elliptical to obovate, with two types of trichomes (glandular and tector), with a short petiole, exhibiting an opposite decussate phyllotaxy. Our results showed 37.5% germination after 12 days, only in the dark cypsela, the light colored being considered unviable. The inflorescence is paniculate and the florets are grouped in capitula with isomorphic ends, monoclinous (bisexual), dichlamydeous, heterochlamydeous, pentamerous calyx and corolla, gamossepalous and gamopetalous. The androecium is gamostemone comprised of five stamens with free filaments, isodynamous and epipetalous stamens, synandrous and rimose anthers. The flower presents an inferior ovary, bicarpelar, unilocular and ovules with a basal placentation. The pollen grains are small, isopolar, radial symmetry, tricolporate, with echinate ornamentation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170587 1255 downloads

10.

3ª Diretriz Brasileira de Transplante Cardíaco
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Bacal, Fernando

; Marcondes-Braga, Fabiana G.

; Rohde, Luis Eduardo Paim

; Xavier Júnior, José Leudo

; Brito, Flávio de Souza

; Moura, Lídia Ana Zytynski

; Colafranceschi, Alexandre Siciliano

; Lavagnoli, Carlos Fernando Ramos

; Gelape, Cláudio Leo

; Almeida, Dirceu Rodrigues

; Gaiotto, Fábio Antônio

; Atik, Fernando Antibas

; Figueira, Fernando Augusto M. S.

; Souza, Germano Emílio Conceição

; Rodrigues, Hélcio

; Campos, Iáscara Wozniak

; Souza Neto, João David de

; Rossi Neto, João Manoel

; Gasparetto, Juliano

; Goldraich, Lívia Adams

; Benvenuti, Luiz Alberto

; Seguro, Luis Fernando B. C.

; Ulhôa Júnior, Marcelo Botelho

; Moreira, Maria da Consolação V.

; Ávila, Mônica Samuel

; Carneiro, Rodrigo

; Mangini, Sandrigo

; Ferreira, Sílvia Moreira Ayub

; Strabelli, Tânia Mara

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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aug 2018, Volume 111 N. 2 Pages 230 - 289

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20180153 28659 downloads

11.

Pollen morphology and viability in Bromeliaceae
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SOUZA, EVERTON H.

; SOUZA, FERNANDA V.D.

; ROSSI, MÔNICA L.

; PACKER, RENAN M.

; CRUZ-BARROS, MARIA AMELIA V.

; MARTINELLI, ADRIANA P.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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dec 2017, Volume 89 N. 4 Pages 3067 - 3082

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Pollen morphology characterization is important in taxonomy, conservation and plant breeding, and pollen viability studies can support breeding programs. This study investigated pollen morphology and male fertility in 18 species of Bromeliaceae with ornamental potential. For morphological characterization, pollen grains were acetolyzed and characterization of exine was done using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pollen viability was investigated by in vitro germination and histochemical tests. Species belonging to Aechmea and Ananas genera presented medium size pollen, except for Ae. fasciata, with large pollen. Al. nahoumii, P. sagenarius and the Vriesea species analyzed showed large pollen, except for V. carinata, with very large pollen. Pollen of Aechmea, Ananas and P. sagenarius presented bilateral symmetry, diporate, exine varying from tectate to semitectate. Al. nahoumii and Vriesea species presented pollen with bilateral symmetry, monocolpate; exine was semitectate, reticulate and heterobrochate. Germination percentage and tube growth were greater in SM and BKM media. Histochemical tests showed pollen viability above 70% for all species, except for Ananas sp. (40%). Pollen morphology is important for the identification of species, especially in this family, which contains a large number of species. High rates of viability favor fertilization and seed production, essential for efficient hybrid production and conservation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720170450 2450 downloads

12.

Survey of pyrethroid, macrocyclic lactone and antibacterial residues in bulk milk tank from Minas Gerais State, Brazil
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Picinin, Lidia C.A.

; Toaldo, Isabela M.

; Hoff, Rodrigo B.

; Souza, Fernando N.

; Leite, Mônica O.

; Fonseca, Leorges M.

; Diniz, Soraia A.

; Silva, Marcos X.

; Cerqueira, Mônica M.O.P.

; Bordignon-Luiz, Marilde T.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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feb 2017, Volume 37 N. 2 Pages 97 - 104

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Avaliou-se a presença de 42 analitos, incluindo piretróides, lactonas macrocíclicas e antimicrobianos em 132 amostras de leite de tanque proveniente de 45 propriedades leiteiras localizadas no Estado de Minas Gerais. Para tal, utilizou-se a cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrofotometria de massas tandem e cromatografia gasosa com detector com captura de elétrons. Dentre todas as amostras de leite, 40 (30,30%) amostras de leite de tanque apresentaram a presença de pelo menos um analito, enquanto 16 amostras (12,12%) de leite demonstraram a presença de pelo menos dois analitos. Considerando os limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira, 11 amostras de leite (8,33%) seriam consideradas como não conforme. Ademais, os testes de triagem para detecção de antimicrobianos no leite não conseguiram identificar a maioria das amostras positivas nos testes confirmatórios, levando a grande discrepância entre estes testes. Desta forma, os resultados do presente estudo indicam que os períodos de descarte do leite, especialmente para piretróides, não foram plenamente respeitados por todos os produtores de leite. Além disto, uma discrepância entre os resultados dos testes confirmatórios e os testes de triagem foi observada.

ABSTRACT: A survey of veterinary drug residues in bulk milk tank from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was carried out through a broad scope analysis. Here, 132 raw milk samples were collected at 45 dairy farms in Minas Gerais from August 2009 to February 2010, and analyzed for 42 analytes, comprising pyrethroids, macrocyclic lactones and antibacterials, using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in tandem mode and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Within all milk samples, at least one veterinary drug residue was identified in 40 milk samples (30.30%) by confirmatory tests, whereas 16 samples (12.12%) showed the presence of at least two residues. With regard to the Brazilian maximum residue levels, 11 milk samples (8.33%) were non-compliant according to Brazilian Legislation. The veterinary drugs detected in the non-compliant milk samples include penicillin V (one sample), abamectin (one sample) and cypermethrin (nine samples). Furthermore, the antibacterial screening methods failed to identify most of the positive samples that were detected by confirmatory tests, leading to a large discrepancy between the screening and confirmatory antimicrobial tests. Thus, the present study indicated that the veterinary drugs residues still represents a great concern for the milk production chain.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000200001 1369 downloads

13.

Partial budget analysis of prepartum antimicrobial therapy and Escherichia coli J5 vaccination of dairy heifers and their effect on milk production and milk quality parameters
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Vargas, Renison T.

; Souza, Fernando N.

; Brito, Maria Aparecida V.P.

; Brito, José R.F.

; Leite, Mônica O.

; Fonseca, Leorges M.

; Sampaio, Ivan B.M.

; Cerqueira, Mônica M.O.P.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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feb 2016, Volume 36 N. 2 Pages 77 - 82

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: O presente estudo objetivou realizar uma análise econômica do tratamento antimicrobiano no pré-parto e/ou da vacinação com Escherihia coli J5 em novilhas leiteiras, e seu efeito sobre a produção e qualidade de leite. Portanto, utilizou-se o delineamento split-splot em esquema fatorial, no qual 33 novilhas da raça Holandesa foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: (G1) antimicroianoterapia no pré-parto e vacinação com E. coli J5, (G2) antimicrobianoterapia no pré-parto, (G3) vacinação com E. coli J5 e (G4) controle. Amostras compostas de leite foram coletadas para contagem de células somáticas, contagem bacteriana total e composição do leite 15 dias após o parto, e a cada 15 dias até o término do experimento. A análise bacteriológica do leite foi realizada ao término do experimento. A produção de leite e a incidência dos casos clínicos de mastite, assim como, os custos associados à antimicrobianoterapia no pré-parto e/ou vacinação com E. coli J5 foram registrados. Os resultados demonstraram redução dos casos clínicos de mastite com a implementação das medidas preventivas resultando no menor volume de leite descartado (0,99, 1,01, 1,04 e 3,98% para os animais dos grupos G1, G2, G3 e G4, respectivemente) e maior benefício econômico. Desta forma, em rebanhos bem manejados, a implementação da antimicrobianoterapia no pré-parto e vacinação com E. coli J5 e novilhas pode reduzir a quantidade de antimicrobianos necessário para o tratamento de casos de mastite clínica durante a lactação, resultando em menor número de dias em que o leite é descartado.

Abstract: This study aimed to determine whether prepartum antimicrobial and/or Escherichia coli J5 vaccination in dairy heifers influence the milk production, milk quality, and estimate their economic benefit. Thus, 33 dairy heifers were enrolled in four groups using a split-splot design. Groups were: (G1) prepartum antimicrobial infusion and vaccination with an E. coli J5 bacterin, (G2) prepartum antimicrobial infusion, (G3) vaccination with an E. coli J5 bacterin, and (G4) control heifers. Composite milk samples for somatic cell count, total bacteria count and milk composition were collected 15 days after calving and every 15 days until the end of the experiment. Bacteriological analysis was carried out at the end of study. The milk production and the incidence of clinical cases of mastitis, as well as the costs associated with them were recorded. The results demonstrate a reduction on clinical mastitis rates by preventive strategies, which implicated in lower volume of discarded milk (0.99, 1.01, 1.04 and 3.98% for G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively) and higher economic benefit. Thus, in well-managed dairy herds the prevention of heifer mastitis by vaccination or antimicrobial therapy can reduce the amount of antimicrobials needed to treat clinical mastitis cases and the days of discarded milk.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2016000200003 1267 downloads

14.

Bioaccumulation of tributyltin by blue crabs
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Vannuci-Silva, Monizze

; Menegario, Amauri A.

; Franchi, Mariana

; Brossi-Garcia, Ana L.

; Souza, João M. de

; Araújo Jr, Marcus A. G. de

; Lopes, Monica A. F. S. Bindes G.

; Govone, José S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2013, Volume 24 N. 10 Pages 1642 - 1648

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O presente estudo avaliou a bioacumulação de tributilestanho (TBT) pelo siri azul (Callinectes sapidus). Os animais foram alimentados com comida contaminada com 30 µg g-1 de TBT, expresso como Sn. Os analitos foram determinados nas brânquias, hepatopâncreas e músculo. Realizou-se uma digestão ácida para determinação da concentração total de Sn, e a técnica de extração em fase sólida foi utilizada para determinação seletiva de TBT. Obteve-se limites de detecção de 44,6 e 4,46 ng g-1 para HG-ICP OES (geração de hidretos (HG) por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado) e ICP-MS (ICP-espectrometria de massas), respectivamente. Os resultados para os tecidos dos animais não contaminados foram inferiores a 50 ng g-1, enquanto os submetidos à alimentação contaminada mostraram elevadas concentrações de Sn (até 6229 ng g-1) e TBT (até 3357 ng g-1) relacionadas aos dias de exposição. De acordo com os resultados, Sn é acumulado pelo siri azul em elevadas concentrações no hepatopâncreas. Para a maioria dos animais, os resultados sugerem que o Sn é bioacumulado como TBT.

This study evaluated the bioaccumulation of tributyltin (TBT) by the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). Animals were fed with contaminated food containing 30 µg g-1 of TBT expressed as Sn. The analytes were determined in the gills, hepatopancreas and muscle. Acid digestion was used in the total Sn determination, and a solid-phase extraction technique was used for the selective determination of TBT. Limits of detection of 44.6 and 4.46 ng g-1 were found for HG-ICP OES (hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy) and ICP-MS (ICP-mass spectrometry), respectively. The results for non-contaminated animals were below 50 ng g-1, while the animals subjected to the contaminated food showed higher tissue concentrations of Sn (until 6229 ng g-1) and TBT (until 3357 ng g-1) related to the number of exposure days. According to the results, Sn is bioaccumulated by the blue crab in higher concentrations in the hepatopancreas. For most of these animals, the results suggest that Sn is bioaccumulated as TBT.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20130209 1318 downloads

15.

Ethanol oxidation reaction on IrPtSn/C electrocatalysts with low Pt content
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Silva, Júlio César M.

; Anea, Beatriz

; De Souza, Rodrigo Fernando B.

; Assumpção, Mônica Helena M. T.

; Calegaro, Marcelo L.

; O. Neto, Almir

; Santos, Mauro C.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2013, Volume 24 N. 10 Pages 1553 - 1560

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste estudo, a reação de oxidação de etanol (EOR) foi investigada usando materiais nanoestruturados ternários compostos de IrPtSn/C nas proporções em massa Ir:Pt:Sn de 60:30:10, 60:20:20 e 60:10:30, preparados pelo método de precursores poliméricos e comparados com o eletrocatalisador de origem comercial PtSn/C E-TEK. A caracterização por difratometria de raios-X foi utilizada para obter informações acerca da estrutura dos materiais e a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão mostrou que os tamanhos médios das partículas variaram de 5 até 7 nm. A atividade eletrocatalítica foi investigada empregando experimentos cronoamperométricos em 0,5 V vs. RHE e através da espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier no modo de refletância total atenuada (FTIR-ATR) in situ. Baseado nos experimentos de FTIR-ATR in situ, observou-se que o melhor material IrPtSn/C 60:20:20 levou à formação de acetaldeído em altas intensidades e CO2 em baixas intensidades. Utilizando-se o material IrPtSn/C 60:20:20, foi possível diminuir a quantidade de platina em ca. 73% em comparação com o eletrocatalisador PtSn/C E-TEK, tendo um aumento de ca. 282% na densidade de corrente nos experimentos cronoamperométricos.

In this work, the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) was investigated using ternary nanostructured materials composed of IrPtSn/C in mass proportions of Ir:Pt:Sn at 60:30:10, 60:20:20 and 60:10:30, prepared with a polymeric precursor method and compared with commercial electrocatalyst PtSn/C E-TEK. X-ray diffractometry was used to obtain information about the structure of the material. The transmission electron microscopy showed particle sizes of 5-7 nm. The electrocatalytic activity was investigated using chronoamperometry experiments at 0.5 V vs. RHE and by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) experiments. From in situ FTIR-ATR experiments, it can be seen that using the best material IrPtSn/C 60:20:20, the acetaldehyde was produced at high intensities and CO2 at lower intensities. The use of IrPtSn/C 60:20:20 materials became possible to diminish the Pt fraction to ca. 73% in comparison to the PtSn/C E-TEK electrocatalyst, with an improvement of ca. 282% in the current density of the chronoamperometric experiments.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20130196 1539 downloads

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