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Abstract Since the first reported case of COVID-19 in Brazil, the public and private educational system started to close. Up to November 2020, scientific discussions about the return of schooling activities have been rarely performed by the national scientific community and police-makers. The great delay of school returning in Brazil contrasts with successful international strategies of school reopening worldwide and seems counterintuitive with the reopening of non-essential activities. Here, important issues to be considered before and during school reopening are reviewed and discussed. COVID-19 testing is essential to avoid disease spreading, but high cost of individual RT-qPCRs impairs an extensive testing strategy for school returning. To reduce costs and increase the speed of diagnosis, we tested the efficiency of a pooled-sample PCR strategy in a cohort of the educational staff in the city of Macaé/RJ, finding five asymptomatic individuals (0,66%) among the 754 people tested. Thus, a polled-sample PCR testing strategy of the educational staff might prevent infection spreading in schools at a reasonable cost. We discuss how our test strategy could be coupled with internationally recognized safety rules to allow for a safe school return and how countries from different world regions are dealing with educational activities during COVID-19 pandemic.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211361

DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL PROFILE OF Eugenia dysenterica ICE CREAM USING PS-MS AND HS-SPME/GC-MS
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Silva, Mauro R.

; Freitas, Lucas G.

; Mendonça, Henrique de O. P.

; Souza, Amauri G.

; Pereira, Hebert V.

; Augusti, Rodinei

; Lacerda, Inayara C. A.

; Melo, Júlio O. F.

; Araújo, Raquel L. B.

Química Nova

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feb 2021, Volume 44 N. 2 Pages 129 - 136

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The incorporation of Cerrado fruits in food products such as ice cream has many advantages because it represents a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Given the demand for less laborious methods to analyze food, the paper spray ionization mass spectrometry technique was applied for the first time for a rapid characterization of the chemical components found cagaita ice cream. PS-MS in positive and negative ionization modes were used. The profile of volatile compounds was determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fingerprints obtained through PS-MS identified various classes of compounds, such as flavones, anthocyanins, sugars, organic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, fatty acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignin, and phenylpropanoid. The use of both fibers enabled the extraction and identification of 18 volatile compounds in cagaita, and 16 of them were also identified in cagaita ice cream. The most common volatile compound found in both cagaita and ice cream was 3-carene monoterpene. Considering the effect of processing on cagaita constituents, 89% of the volatile compounds remained in the ice cream. Also, 78% of the fruit chemical compounds analyzed by PS-MS were found in the product. Thus, the results indicate that most of the fruit compounds remained in the ice cream after processing.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170680 149 downloads

Synthesis, in silico Study, Theoretical Stereochemistry Elucidation and Antifungal Activity of New Imides Derived from Safrole
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Vilela, Raquel F.

; Costa, Normando A. S.

; Souza, Helivaldo D. S.

; Cruz, Luiz E. G.

; Assis, Kelyonara M. S. de

; Lima, Edeltrudes O.

; Cordeiro, Laísa V.

; Lira, Bruno F.

; Athayde-Filho, Petronio F. de

; Rocha, Gerd B.

; Barbosa-Filho, José M.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2020, Volume 31 N. 10 Pages 2091 - 2103

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Ten imides derived from safrole, 4a-4j, were synthesized and their structures were fully characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis. Among the ten imides studied, eight are new. The compounds were evaluated in an in silico study and showed strong to moderate antifungal activity against various strains of Candida and Cryptococcus. In particular, compounds 4b, 4c and 4h exhibited strong antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) between 0.17-0.73 µmol mL-1. The compound 4j exhibited antifungal activity with MIC 1.28 µmol mL-1 for all strains tested. In silico studies of the parameters of Lipinski’s rule of five indicated that these compounds are potential new drug candidates. The predict oral bioavailability can be evaluated through these parameters. In addition, a computational study helped assigning the stereochemistry of compound 4j, where the synthesized mixture is composed by two stereoisomers, 4j(1) (SRR) and 4j(2) (RSS).

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200110 281 downloads

Methodology Development and Validation of Amphotericin B Stability by HPLC-DAD
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Montenegro, Marciela B.

; Souza, Stefânia P. de

; Leão, Raquel A. C.

; Rocha, Helvécio V. A.

; Rezende, Claudia M. de

; Souza, Rodrigo O. M. A. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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may 2020, Volume 31 N. 5 Pages 916 - 926

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The high worldwide consumption of antibiotics and their complex impurity profiles has drawn the attention of the scientific community to the development and validation of stability methods for these drugs. Amphotericin B is an antibiotic that is a natural fermentation product of bacterium Streptomyces nodosus, used as a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, and is highly unstable. For this reason, the objective of this work is the development and validation of an indicative method of stability by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) associated to diode array detector (DAD) for amphotericin B (AMB). To achieve this, the chromatographic profiles of acid, basic, oxidative and thermal degradation caused by AMB exposure to water and light were verified by HPLC-DAD, using an isocratic method under the following conditions: C18 chromatographic column (200 × 4.6 mm-5 µm), mobile phase composed of 65:35 of organic phase (methanol/acetonitrile in 41:18)/aqueous phase (2.5 mmol L-1 of disodium edetate, pH 5.0), flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1, injection volume of 20 µL, column temperature 30 ± 2 °C and wavelength of 383 nm. After identification of these profiles, the method was validated according to recommendations of the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, and then, the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) peak purity grade, percentage of drug degradation, occurrence of impurities peak and its identification by mass spectrometry (MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI), under positive ionization mode, were evaluated. It is suggested that the main degradation products were amphotericin B (2), degradation product 1 (DP1) and degradation product 2 (DP2) in acid and oxidative medium. Amphotericin B was stable in the presence of water and at 70 ± 2 °C for seven days.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190256 836 downloads

Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by Froelichia humboldtiana in cattle
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Silva Filho, Givaldo B.

; Chaves, Hisadora A.S.

; Albuquerque, Raquel F.

; Souza, Paulo E.

; Vieira, Maria E.Q.

; Nascimento, Ana L.O.

; Lima, Stephanie C.

; Mendonça, Fábio S.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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jan 2020, Volume 40 N. 1 Pages 1 - 6

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de dois surtos de intoxicação por Froelichia humboldtiana em bovinos em Pernambuco e reproduzir experimentalmente essa intoxicação em bovinos. Intoxicações espontâneas foram observadas após o início do período chuvoso nos municípios de Cachoerinha e São Caetano. Vinte e dois bovinos apresentaram sinais clínicos e lesões cutâneas compatíveis com fotossensibilização primária, dentre os quais, dois bezerros lactentes. Todos os bovinos se recuperaram totalmente cerca de 21 dias após serem retirados da pastagem. Para reproduzir experimentalmente a intoxicação, três vacas, uma delas com bezerro ao pé, foram mantidas em um piquete de 1ha composto por F. humboldtiana por 14 dias consecutivos. O quadro clínico e as lesões tegumentares, tanto nos bovinos intoxicados nos surtos espontâneos, quanto nos bovinos do experimento consistiram em prurido e hiperemia em áreas despigmentadas de pele, que evoluíam para edema, dermatite exsudativa e necrose de áreas extensas de pele. Em todos os bovinos examinados, os níveis séricos de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), bilirrubina total, direta e indireta estavam normais. Histologicamente, as lesões consistiram em necrose da epiderme, hiperqueratose com grande quantidade de neutrófilos degenerados e acantose. Na derme havia edema e infiltrado inflamatório composto por eosinófilos, linfócitos e plasmócitos principalmente ao redor dos vasos sanguíneos. Nos bovinos do experimento, sinais clínicos de fotossensibilização foram observados após o terceiro dia de consumo de F. humboldtiana. O bezerro lactente apresentou sinais clínicos leves de fotodermatite no 8º dia do experimento. Estimou-se que o consumo médio de matéria seca de F. humboldtiana necessário para iniciar os sinais clínicos em cada bovino adulto foi de 78kg.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of two outbreaks of spontaneous poisoning caused by Froelichia humboldtiana in cattle in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil and reproduce experimentally this poisoning in cattle. Spontaneous poisonings of primary photosensitization occurred in two farms at the municipalities of Cachoeirinha and São Caetano and affected twenty-two adult bovines and two suckling calves after the rainy season. All bovines have recovered 21 days after they were removed from the pasture. To reproduce experimental poisoning, three cows and a calf were maintained in a pasture with 1ha composed by F. humboldtiana during 14 days. Clinical signs and skin lesions were similar in both spontaneous and experimental poisoning and consisted of cutaneous itching and hyperemia of non-pigmented areas of skin that evolved into edema, exudative dermatitis and extensive areas of skin necrosis. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), total, direct and indirect bilirubin were normal in all cattle examined. Histologically, lesions consisted of epidermal necrosis, hyperkeratosis with large amounts of degenerate neutrophils and acanthosis. In the dermis, edema and inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells mainly around the blood vessels were observed. In the experimental group, clinical signs of photosensitization were observed after the third day of F. humboldtiana consumption. The suckling calf displayed mild clinical signs of photodermatitis on the 8th day of the experiment. It was estimated that the average consumption of F. humboldtiana necessary to initiate clinical signs in each adult bovine was 78kg.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6351 778 downloads

Characterization of the complete plastid genome of Butia eriospatha (Arecaceae)
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de Souza Magnabosco, Jeison Willy

; de Freitas Fraga, Hugo Pacheco

; da Silva, Raquel Santos

; Rogalski, Marcelo

; de Souza, Emanuel Maltempi

; Guerra, Miguel Pedro

; Vieira, Leila do Nascimento

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2020, Volume 43 N. 4 elocation e20200023

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Butia eriospatha is an endemic palm species from the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil, a biodiversity hotspot. This species is currently listed in the IUCN red list as vulnerable and lacks specific plastid markers for population genetics studies. In addition, the evolutionary relationship within the genus Butia is not yet well resolved. Here, we sequenced and characterized the complete plastid genome (plastome) sequence of B. eriospatha. The complete plastome sequence is 154,048 bp in length, with the typical quadripartite structure. This plastome length and genes content is consistent with other six species from tribe Cocoseae. However, the Inverted Repeat (IR) borders show some variation among the analyzed species from this tribe. Species from the Bactridinae (Astrocaryum and Acrocomia) and Elaeidinae (Elaeis) subtribes present the rps19 gene completely duplicated in the IR region. In contrast, all plastomes sequenced from the subtribe Attaleinae (Butia, Cocos, Syagrus) present one complete CDS of rps19 and one partial copy of rps19. The difference in the IR/LSC junctions between Attaleinae and the sister clades Bactridinae + Elaeidinae might be considered an evolutionary signal and the plastome sequence of B. eriopatha may be used in future studies of population genetics and phylogeny.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0023 839 downloads

Antioxidant Activity and Metabolomic Analysis of Cagaitas (Eugenia dysenterica) using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry
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Silva, Mauro R.

; Freitas, Lucas G.

; Souza, Amauri G.

; Araújo, Raquel L. B.

; Lacerda, Inayara C. A.

; Pereira, Hebert V.

; Augusti, Rodinei

; Melo, Júlio O. F.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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may 2019, Volume 30 N. 5 Pages 1034 - 1044

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Cagaita is a fruit from Brazilian cerrado, belongs to Myrtaceae family, and has important economic value. This work aimed to determine the total antioxidant capacity (extractable and non-extractable fractions) by different methods and to evaluate the use of paper spray mass spectrometry to obtain fingerprints of cagaita from different regions with the aid of principal components analysis. Cagaitas had higher antioxidant activity than those found in other fruits mentioned in literature, and the non-extractable fraction was 18.90 to 21.05% of the antioxidant capacity. The analysis of paper spray mass spectrometry in positive and negative ionization modes identified several substances, including organic acids, sugars, amino acids and several other classes of phenolic compounds. Analysis of the main components of cagaita samples permitted discrimination of the major constituents such as sugars and different kinds of phenolic compounds. Thus, this study demonstrated that paper spray mass spectrometry is a simple and ultrafast method with minimum sample preparation that allows the analysis of the chemical profile of cagaita.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190002 1087 downloads

Synthesis, in silico Study and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Selenoglycolicamides
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Souza, Helivaldo D. S.

; Sousa, Roxana P. F. de

; Lira, Bruno F.

; Vilela, Raquel F.

; Borges, Nathalie H. P. B.

; Siqueira-Junior, José P. de

; Lima, Edeltrudes O.

; Jardim, Jeane U. G.

; Silva, Gracielle A. T. da

; Barbosa-Filho, José M.

; Athayde-Filho, Petrônio F. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jan 2019, Volume 30 N. 1 Pages 188 - 197

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Nine new compounds derived from selenoglycolic acid were synthesized, and their structures were fully characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The compounds were evaluated in an in silico study and showed strong to moderate antibacterial activity against several strains of Staphylococcus aureus. In particular, three compounds exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 16 and 64 µg mL-1. Furthermore, two of the nine compounds showed antifungal activity, with MIC of 1024 and 512 µg mL-1. In silico studies of the parameters of Lipinski's rule of five indicate that these compounds have potential to be new drug candidates.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180148 13859 downloads

Pain threshold, sleep quality and anxiety levels in individuals with temporomandibular disorders
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Daher, Carla Raquel de Melo

; Cunha, Larissa Fernandes da

; Ferreira, Ana Paula de Lima

; Souza, Ana Izabela Sobral de Oliveira

; Rêgo, Tiago Albuquerque Maranhão

; Araújo, Maria das Graças Rodrigues de

; Silva, Hilton Justino da

Revista CEFAC

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aug 2018, Volume 20 N. 4 Pages 450 - 458

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o limiar de dor, qualidade do sono e níveis de ansiedade em iindivíduos com diferentes tipos de disfunções temporomandibulares. Métodos: estudo controlado, observacional transversal. Foi utilizado o Research Diagnostic Criteria e os voluntários foram divididos em três grupos: Grupo A-disfunção muscular (n=15), Grupo B-disfunção articular (n=10) e Grupo C- controle (n=15). Foi utilizado o Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Escala Visual Analógica da Dor (EVA), Algometria e Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS). O nível de significância para todos os testes foi de 5%. Resultados: menor limiar de dor da musculatura mastigatória e cervical nos grupos A e B, mas quando comparados ao grupo controle só houve diferença estatística na algometria da musculatura mastigatória e do trapézio (p<0,05). Os grupos A e B apresentaram qualidade do sono pobre, mostrando diferença estatística com o grupo controle (p<0,05). Apenas os grupos A e B apresentaram ansiedade. Entre os grupos A e B não houve diferença estatística em relação ao limiar de dor, qualidade do sono e ansiedade. Conclusão: menores níveis de limiar de dor e redução da qualidade do sono e ansiedade ocorreram em indivíduos com Disfunção temporomandibular quando comparado aos sadios. Esses resultados independem do tipo de disfunção apresentada.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the pressure pain threshold, sleep quality and anxiety levels of individuals with different types of chronic temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: a controlled, observational and cross-sectional study. TMD diagnosis followed the Research Diagnostic Criteria and the volunteers were divided into three groups: A-Muscular Disorder (n = 15), B- Articular Disorder (n = 10) and C- Control Group (n = 15). Evaluation was performed using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Visual Analog Scale, Algometry and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The significance level for all tests was 5%. Results: lower threshold of pain was seen in the masticatory and cervical musculature within groups A and B. However, when TMD groups were compared to the control group, only a statistically significant difference in the pain threshold of the masticatory muscle and the trapezius muscle was found. Groups A and B presented poor sleep quality, showing a statistical difference when compared to the control group. Additionally, it was observed that patients in the groups with TMD presented anxiety, while those in the control group, did not present it. Conclusion: individuals presented with TMD show lower levels of pain threshold, sleep quality and anxiety, as compared to healthy subjects. These results do not depend on the type of disorder presented.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216201820414417 3120 downloads

10.

Distribuição geográfica dos hospedeiros intermediários do Schistosoma mansoni nos estados do Paraná, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Norte, 2012-2014
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Carvalho, Omar dos Santos

; Mendonça, Cristiane Lafetá Furtado de

; Marcelino, Jeann Marie da Rocha

; Passos, Liana Konovaloff Jannotti

; Fernandez, Monica Ammon

; Leal, Raquel de Souza

; Caldeira, Roberta Lima

; Scholte, Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho

; Carmo, Eduardo Hage

; Mesquita, Silvia Gonçalves

; Thiengo, Silvana Carvalho

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2018, Volume 27 N. 3 elocation e2017343

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a distribuição geográfica dos hospedeiros intermediários do Schistosoma mansoni em cinco estados brasileiros. Métodos: estudo transversal; foram selecionados municípios dos estados do Paraná (78), Minas Gerais (120), Bahia (82), Pernambuco (51) e Rio Grande do Norte (98), nos anos de 2012 a 2014; esses municípios foram escolhidos por não possuírem registros atualizados da presença de caramujos hospedeiros intermediários de S. mansoni; moluscos foram capturados, taxonomicamente identificados e examinados para verificação de cercárias de S. mansoni. Resultados: os trabalhos foram realizados em 427 municípios (99,5% dos 429 selecionados); foi registrada presença de moluscos em 300 (70,2%) municípios e a ocorrência de Biomphalaria glabrata em 62 (21%) municípios, B. straminea em 181 (60%), B. tenagophila em três (1%); associação de B. glabrata/B. straminea foi encontrada em 53 (18%), e de B. glabrata/B. tenagophila em um (0,3%). Conclusão: os registros de B. glabrata, B. straminea e B. tenagophila estão de acordo com a distribuição conhecida.

Abstract Objective: to describe the geographical distribution of intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in five Brazilian states. Methods: this was a descriptive cross-sectional study; municipalities were selected in the states of Paraná (78), Minas Gerais (120), Bahia (82), Pernambuco (51) , and Rio Grande do Norte (98), for the period 2012 to 2014; these municipalities were chosen because they did not have current records of the presence of snails vectores de S. mansoni. The molluscs were captured and taxonomically identified and examined for S. mansoni cercariae. Results: the work was carried out in 427 municipalities (99.5% of the 429 selected); the presence of mollusks was registered in 300 (70.2%) municipalities; Biomphalaria glabrata were found in 62 (21%) municipalities, B. straminea in 181 (60%), B. tenagophila in three (1%); B. glabrata/B. straminea association was found in 53 municipalities (18%) and B. glabrata/B. tenagophila association in one (0.3%) municipality. Conclusion: B. glabrata, B. straminea and B. tenagophila distribution records obtained in this study are consistent with previously known distribution.

Resumen Objetivo: describir la distribución geográfica de los hospedadores intermediarios de Schistosoma mansoni en cinco estados brasileños. Métodos: estudio epidemiológico transversal; el estudio fue realizado en municipios de los estados de Paraná (78), Minas Gerais (120), Bahia (82), Pernambuco (51) y Rio Grande do Norte (98), entre 2012 y 2014; estos municipios fueron elegidos por no poseer registros actualizados de la presencia de caracoles vectores de S. mansoni; los moluscos fueron capturados, taxonómicamente identificados y examinados para la verificación de cercarias de S. mansoni. Resultados: los trabajos fueron realizados en 427 municipios (99,5% de 429 municipios seleccionados); fue registrada presencia de moluscos en 300 (70,2%) municípios; la presencia de Biomphalaria glabrata fue registrada en 62 (21%) municipios, B. straminea en 181 (60%) y B. tenagophila en três (1%); se observó asociación de B. glabrata con B. straminea en 53 (18%) y de B. glabrata con B. tenagophila en uno (0,3%). Conclusión: los registros de Biomphalaria están de acuerdo con la distribución conocida.

https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742018000300016 2223 downloads

11.

Distribuição geográfica dos hospedeiros intermediários do Schistosoma mansoni nos estados do Paraná, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Norte, 2012-2014
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Carvalho, Omar dos Santos

; Mendonça, Cristiane Lafetá Furtado de

; Marcelino, Jeann Marie da Rocha

; Passos, Liana Konovaloff Jannotti

; Fernandez, Monica Ammon

; Leal, Raquel de Souza

; Caldeira, Roberta Lima

; Scholte, Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho

; Carmo, Eduardo Hage

; Mesquita, Silvia Gonçalves

; Thiengo, Silvana Carvalho

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2018, Volume 27 N. 3 elocation e2017343

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742018000300016 32 downloads

12.

Molecular Characterization of Group B Streptococcus Serotypes By Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Andrade, Paula Durante

; Russo, Joice de Souza

; Gouveia, Jéssica Baliero

; Costa, Cláudia Raquel Cantarelli

; Oliveira, Ketti Gleyzer

; Gianetti, Michelli

; Anjos, Emanuel Borges Vítor

; Pavan, Tycha Bianca Sabaini

; Martins, Mariana Furquim Da Silva

; Franco, Josiele

; Costa, Maria Laura

; Nomura, Marcelo Luís

; Levy, Carlos Emílio

; Passini Júnior, Renato

; Costa, Sandra Cecilia Botelho

MedicalExpress

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aug 2017, Volume 4 N. 4 elocation M170406

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Os sorotipos (Ia, Ib e II ao IX) do estreptococo do grupo B (GBS) são classificados baseado nas variações em seus polissacarídeos capsulares; sua prevalência difere entre diferentes áreas geográficas. Nós examinamos a prevalência de todos os sorotipos do estreptococo do grupo B em amostras de swabs vaginal e retal obtidas de 363 mulheres seguidas em um centro de referência brasileiro, o Hospital da Mulher Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti; a susceptibilidade bacteriana a antibióticos foi também determinada. MÉTODO A prevalência de estreptococo do grupo B positivo foi avaliada por aglutinação em látex e através de análise por multiplex PCR; susceptibilidade bacteriana a antibióticos, tais como clindamicina, eritromicina, levofloxacin, linezolide, penicilina e tetraciclina foi determinada pelo método de disco difusão. RESULTADOS: (a) Tanto a cultura padrão para estreptococo do grupo B quanto a análise por multiplex PCR testaram positivos para 83 swabs. A prevalência para colonização por GBS foi 20%. O sorotipo Ia foi o mais prevalente (n= 43/83; 52%), seguido pelo sorotipo V (n= 14/83; 17%); De acordo com a origem anatômica, o sorotipo Ia positivou 27/59 (46%) e 16/24 (67%) das amostras vaginais e retais, respectivamente; o teste de PCR também identificou os sorotipos Ib, II, III, VI. O sorotipo VI é raramente descrito e não reportado no Brasil ou na América Latina até esta data. (b) O teste de aglutinação em látex somente identificou 44 amostras positivas, todas das quais foram sorotipadas: 34 destas amostras (77%) tiveram os sorotipos coincidindo com aqueles identificados pela multiplex PCR. (c) Somente uma amostra (sorotipo Ia) mostrou resistência a eritromicina e clindamicina. CONCLUSÃO: Estudos regionais sobre a prevalência dos sorotipos do estreptococo do grupo B são essenciais para guiar medidas imunoprofiláticas (vacinas) e a implementação de adequada antibiótico profilaxia. Neste estudo, a incidência do sorotipo VI foi descrita pela primeira vez na população Brasileira, um novo e raro sorotipo do estreptococo do grupo B.

OBJECTIVE: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) serotypes (Ia, Ib and II to IX) are classified based on variations in their capsular polysaccharide; their prevalence differs between different geographic areas. We examined the prevalence of all GBS serotypes in rectal and vaginal swab samples obtained from 363 pregnant women followed at a Brazilian referral center (Hospital da Mulher Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti); bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics was further determined. METHOD: Prevalence of positive GBS was evaluated by latex agglutination and by multiplex PCR analysis; bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics, such as clindamycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, linezolid, penicillin and tetracycline was determined by the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: (a) standard GBS culture and the multiplex PCR analysis tested positive for 83 swabs, collected from 72 women (prevalence of GBS colonization: 72/363; 20%); the most prevalent Serotype was Ia (n=43/83; 52%), followed by serotype V (n=14/83; 17%); according to anatomical origin, serotype Ia accounted for 27/59 (46%) and 16/24 (67%) of the vaginal and rectal samples, respectively; PCR also identified serotypes Ib, II, III and VI. Serotype VI is rarely described and had not been previously reported in Brazil or in Latin America. (b) The latex agglutination test only identified 44 positive samples, all of which were serotyped: 34 of these samples (77%) had serotypes matching those identified by multiplex PCR. (c) Only one sample (serotype Ia) showed resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin. CONCLUSION: Regional studies on GBS serotypes prevalence are essential to guide immunoprophylactic interventions (vaccines) and the implementation of adequate antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment. In this study, the incidence of the serotype VI, a new and rare serotype of GBS was described for the first time in a Brazilian population.

https://doi.org/10.5935/medicalexpress.2017.04.06 2532 downloads

13.

Prevalence, risk factors and hepatitis B immunization: helping fill the gap on hepatitis B epidemiology among homeless people, Goiânia, Central Brazil
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Carvalho, Paulie Marcelly Ribeiro dos Santos

; Matos, Marcos André de

; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel

; Pinheiro, Raquel Silva

; Caetano, Karlla Antonieta Amorim

; Souza, Márcia Maria de

; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos

; Teles, Sheila Araujo

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2017, Volume 33 N. 7 elocation e00109216

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

No Brasil, existem poucos dados sobre a infecção por hepatite B entre pessoas em situação de rua, uma população marginalizada com alto risco para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), incluindo a hepatite B. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a epidemiologia da hepatite B em pessoas alojadas em um abrigo público da cidade de Goiânia, Brasil Central. De agosto de 2014 a junho de 2015, 353 indivíduos foram entrevistados e testados para os marcadores da infecção pelo HBV. Uma prevalência global de 21,8% (IC95%: 17,82-26,41) para HBV foi estimado, e 19,5% (IC95%: 15,75-24,0) apresentaram perfil sorológico de vacinação prévia contra o HBV. Ser mais velho (acima de 50 anos de idade), preto e homossexual ou bissexual foram preditores de exposição ao HBV. A baixa frequência de indivíduos imunizados contra o HBV, bem como de alta vulnerabilidade social e ocorrência de comportamentos de risco reforçam a necessidade dos gestores de saúde proporcionar mais oportunidades de vacinação para esta população-alvo.

Data are limited in Brazil on hepatitis B infection among homeless individuals, a marginalized population with high risk of sexually transmissible infections (STI), including hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatitis B epidemiology in homeless persons lodged in a public shelter in Goiânia, Central Brazil. From August 2014 to June 2015, 353 individuals were interviewed and tested for markers of HBV infection. Overall HBV prevalence was 21.8% (95%CI: 17,82-26,41), and 19,5% (95%CI: 15,75-24,0) showed a serological profile of previous HBV vaccination. Older individuals (> 50 years), blacks, and homosexuals or bisexuals showed increased exposure to HBV. The low frequency of individuals immunized against HBV, high social vulnerability, and risk behaviors emphasize the need for health services administrators to provide more opportunities for HBV vaccination in this target population.

En Brasil, existen pocos datos sobre la infección por hepatitis B entre personas sin techo, una población marginalizada con un alto riesgo de infecciones sexualmente transmisibles (IST), incluyendo la hepatitis B. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la epidemiología de la hepatitis B en personas alojadas en un albergue público de la ciudad de Goiânia, Brasil Central. De agosto de 2014 a junio de 2015, se entrevistó a 353 individuos y se probaron los marcadores de la infección por HBV. Se estimó una prevalencia global de un 21,8% (IC95%: 17,82-26,41) para HBV, y 19,5% (IC95%: 15,75-24,0) presentaron un perfil serológico de vacunación previa contra el HBV. Ser más viejo (por encima de 50 años de edad), negro y homosexual o bisexual fueron predictores de exposición al HBV. La baja frecuencia de individuos inmunizados contra el HBV, así como la alta vulnerabilidad social y ocurrencia de comportamientos de riesgo refuerzan la necesidad de los gestores de salud de proporcionar más oportunidades de vacunación para esta población-objetivo.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00109216 2610 downloads

14.

Prevalence, risk factors and hepatitis B immunization: helping fill the gap on hepatitis B epidemiology among homeless people, Goiânia, Central Brazil
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Carvalho, Paulie Marcelly Ribeiro dos Santos

; Matos, Marcos André de

; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel

; Pinheiro, Raquel Silva

; Caetano, Karlla Antonieta Amorim

; Souza, Márcia Maria de

; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos

; Teles, Sheila Araujo

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2017, Volume 33 N. 7 elocation e00109216

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00109216 445 downloads

15.

Physical intimate partner violence and low birth weight in newborns from primary health care units of the city of Rio de Janeiro
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MEZZAVILLA, Raquel de Souza

; HASSELMANN, Maria Helena

Revista de Nutrição

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jun 2016, Volume 29 N. 3 Pages 357 - 366

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a associação da violência física entre parceiros íntimos e a ocorrência de baixo peso ao nascer. Métodos Estudo seccional com 604 crianças com cerca de 30 dias que compareceram a quatro unidades de saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, para realização da segunda dose da vacina contra hepatite B. Crianças nascidas com peso inferior a 2,500 g foram consideradas baixo peso. Informações referentes à violência física entre parceiros íntimos foram obtidas por meio da versão em português do instrumento Conflict Tactics Scale. O período de tempo investigado referiu-se aos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista. A violência física entre parceiros íntimos foi analisada de maneira dicotômica e cumulativa. As associações entre violência física entre parceiros íntimos e baixo peso ao nascer foram verificadas via modelos de regressão logística, mediante estimativas de razões de chances brutas e ajustadas e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. Resultados Nasceram com baixo peso 7,1% das crianças e foram expostas à violência física entre parceiros íntimos 33,6% das mulheres estudadas. A violência física entre parceiros íntimos foi significativamente associada com o baixo peso ao nascer (OR=3,69; IC95%=1,57-8,66). Destaca-se que à medida que a gravidade da violência cresce, aumentam também as chances de ocorrência para o baixo peso ao nascer. Conclusão Esses achados chamam a atenção para as consequências da violência física entre parceiros íntimos no estado nutricional do recém nato, e apontam para necessidade de maior atenção durante os cuidados do pré-natal, visando à melhoria da qualidade de vida da mulher assim como à diminuição de nascimentos de baixo peso.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the association between physical intimate partner violence and low birth weight. Methods This cross-sectional study included 604 children with approximately 30 days of age who visited four primary health care units in the city of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, for the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine. Children with a birth weight below 2.500 g were considered underweight. Information regarding physical intimate partner violence was obtained by the Portuguese version of the Conflict Tactics Scale. The study investigated the 12 months prior to interview. Physical intimate partner violence was analyzed as a dichotomous variable and cumulatively. Associations between physical intimate partner violence and low birth weight were verified by logistic regression models based on crude and adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals. Results Some (7.1%) babies were born underweight, and 33.6% of the mothers had been exposed to physical intimate partner violence. Physical intimate partner violence was significantly associated with low birth weight (OR=3.69; 95%CI=1.57-8.66). Notably, the odds of low birth weight increase with the severity of violence. Conclusion These findings draw attention to the consequences of physical intimate partner violence on the nutritional status of newborns and emphasize the need of greater attention during prenatal care to improve women's quality of life and to reduce the rate of low birth weight.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652016000300006 1827 downloads

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