SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the acute effect of kinesthetic motor imagery of the 2-minute walk test on hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary variables in patients with heart failure. METHODS: Twenty participants were recruited for the analysis of these variables before and after the execution and imagination of the 2-minute walk test, with the number of laps executed and imagined being recorded. RESULTS: The main results observed showed that (1) there was no difference in the number of laps executed and imagined (p=0.41), indicating that the participants actually imagined the test and (2) the motor imagery of the 2-minute walk test immediately increased (p<0.001) the heart and respiratory rates. CONCLUSION: The motor imagery seems to have acute effects on the cardiopulmonary anticipatory responses of a patient with heart failure.

RESUMO As consequências ambientais, econômicas e sociais das rupturas de barragens são catastróficas e demandam seu conhecimento prévio para minimização dos riscos. Essas consequências estão diretamente relacionadas às brechas de ruptura, cujos parâmetros de tempo de formação e geométricos – largura, altura e declividades dos taludes laterais – devem ser adequadamente representativos de uma ruptura real, para que se possa obter um hidrograma de ruptura representativo (evolução temporal, volume e vazão de pico). Esta representação se torna mais fidedigna quanto mais próxima das consequências reais de uma ruptura, criando condições para respostas à emergência mais adequadas. Assim, esta pesquisa determina os parâmetros de formação de brecha para ruptura hipotética, especificamente para o caso de reservatórios em cascata (em série ou em cadeia). Para que possam ser determinados estes parâmetros, a metodologia utiliza modelos físicos reduzidos e modelagem numérica procurando representar duas barragens justapostas em cascata, baseadas em um caso de referência, determinando os parâmetros resultantes em cada barramento após os eventos de ruptura simulados.

ABSTRACT The environmental, economic, and social consequences of dam breaks are catastrophic and require their prior knowledge to minimize risks. These consequences are directly related to rupture breach parameters, such as formation time and breach geometry (width, height, and lateral slopes). These parameters must be adequately representative of a real rupture to obtain a rupture hydrograph also representative (temporal evolution, volume, and peak flow). This representation becomes more reliable as the closer to the actual consequences of a rupture it is, thus creating conditions for an adequate emergency action plan. This research evaluates the parameters of breach formation for a possible rupture, specifically for the case of reservoirs in a sequence, also called cascade reservoirs. The adopted methodology uses physical reduced models and numerical modeling to define these parameters, trying to represent two cascade dams, based on a reference case, determining their values in each dam after the simulated rupture events.

Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arthropod-borne virus of the Peribunyaviridae family, transmitted to humans primarily by Culicoides paraensis. It is one of the main arboviruses infecting humans in Brazil, primarily in the Amazon Region. Here, we report the detection of OROV in the saliva and urine of a patient whose samples were collected five days after the onset of symptoms. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis further confirmed the results. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the detection of OROV in the saliva and urine of an infected patient. In addition, the results of our study expand the current knowledge pertaining to the natural history of Oropouche fever.

Abstract Background: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is a peripheral disease associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. Treatment is carried out according to clinical type with watchful waiting being recommended for less aggressive types. Aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is generally treated with chemotherapy and/or antivirals. The objective of this study was to correlate the survival of patients diagnosed in Bahia, Brazil, with the therapeutic approaches employed and to evaluate what issues existed in their treatment processes. Methods: Eighty-three adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients (26 smoldering, 23 chronic, 16 acute, 13 lymphoma and five primary cutaneous tumoral) with available data were included in this study. Results: Complete response was achieved in seven smoldering patients with symptomatic treatment, in two with chronic disease using antivirals/chemotherapy, in one with acute disease using antivirals and in one lymphoma using the LSG15 regimen [vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisolone (VCAP); doxorubicin, ranimustine, and prednisolone (AMP); and vindesine, etoposide, carboplatin, and prednisolone (VECP)]. Smoldering patients who received symptomatic treatment presented longer survival. Favorable chronic patients treated with antivirals presented longer survival compared to the unfavorable subtype. However, for the acute form, first-line chemotherapy was better, albeit without significance, than antivirals. Only one of the patients with lymphoma and primary cutaneous tumors responded. Conclusions: Watchful waiting associated with phototherapy represents the best option for smoldering adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma with survival in Bahia being superior to that described in Japan. There was a trend of better results with zidovudine/interferon-alpha in favorable chronic disease. Excellent results were achieved in the lymphoma type treated with the LSG15 protocol. Patients are diagnosed late probably due to lack of knowledge of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma by primary healthcare doctors and a Brazilian treatment protocol needs to be established.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Presumir a relação entre o diagnóstico precoce do tumor de células gigantes (TCG) e o seu prognóstico, relacionar o tempo de surgimento dos sintomas com o estadiamento da lesão, por meio da classificação de Campanacci no momento do diagnóstico, e com tipo de tratamento. O objetivo secundário do estudo é traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com TCG da região onde foram colhidos os dados e compará-lo com dados da literatura. MÉTODOS: Avaliação de 61 pacientes diagnosticados com tumor de células gigantes ósseo quanto ao local de acometimento, idade, sintomatologia inicial, tempo do surgimento dos sintomas, classificação e tipo de tratamento em pacientes atendidos entre maio de 1994 e agosto de 2009. RESULTADO: Aponta o marco de dois meses após o início da sintomatologia como data limite, quando seria mais comum o diagnóstico de tumor estágio I de Campanacci e com 98,2% de chance de ser tratado de modo não agressivo, dados com relevância estatística (p = 0,017). A cada aumento de um mês a chance de um paciente ser diagnosticado com tumor em estágio avançado é 10,94% maior do que em relação aos outros dois estágios do tumor. CONCLUSÃO: O resultado do estudo sugere não somente a confirmação da hipótese opcional de que quanto mais precoce o diagnóstico de TCG, menos grave é a lesão, mas, principalmente, prediz a relação do tempo de surgimento do sintoma com a gravidade do tumor.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to ascertain the relationship between early diagnosis of giant-cell tumors (GCT) and their prognosis, by correlating the time of symptom onset with the staging of the injury (through the Campanacci classification at the time of diagnosis), and with the type of treatment. The secondary objective of the study was to outline the epidemiological profile of patients with GCT in the region where the data were gathered, and to compare them with data in the literature. METHODS: The authors present an evaluation on 61 patients diagnosed with bone GCT, with regard to the site of involvement, age, initial symptoms, time of symptom onset, classification and type of treatment, among patients attended between May 1994 and August 2009. RESULTS: The threshold indicated as the limit for Campanacci stage I tumors to be the commonest diagnosis, with a 98.2% chance that the treatment would be non-aggressive, was 2 months after symptom onset. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.017). Every additional month increased the chance that a patient would be diagnosed with an advanced-stage tumor by 10.94%, in relation to the chances of having the other two stages of the tumor. CONCLUSION: The study result not only suggests that the alternative hypothesis that the earlier the diagnosis of GCT is, the less severe the lesion will be, has been confirmed; but also especially predicts the relationship between the time of symptom appearance and the severity of the tumor.

A estimativa do fluxo de calor no solo (G) diretamente por dados de sensores remotos não é possível. Para isso, diversos modelos foram proposto relacionando empiricamente medidas de G e parâmetros biofísicos de diversos tipos de cobertura vegetada, ou não, em diferentes locais do planeta. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre G/Rn e variáveis biofísicas obtidas por sensores orbitais e avaliar a parametrização de diferentes modelos de estimativa de G espacialmente em três sítios experimentais com distintos tipos coberturas do solo. O saldo de radiação (Rn) e G foram medidos diretamente em duas áreas de pastagens na Fazenda Miranda e na Fazenda Experimental e em uma Floresta Monodominante de Cambará. Rn, G, razão G/Rn e os produtos MODIS, tais como albedo (α), temperatura da superfície (LST), índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada (NDVI) e índice de área foliar (LAI) variaram sazonalmente em todos os sítios experimentais e entre os sítios experimentais. Os sítios experimentais mostraram-se diferentes entre si por apresentar distintas relações entre as medidas de Rn, G e a razão G/Rn e os parâmetros biofísicos. Dentre os modelos originais, o modelo proposto por Bastiaanssen (1995) apresentou o melhor desempenho com r = 0,76, d = 0,95, MAE = 5,70 W m-2 e RMSE = 33,68 W m-2. Quanto aos modelos reparametrizados, os coeficientes de correlação se mantiveram, mas o coeficiente de Willmott (d) aumentou e o MAE e RMSE tiveram uma pequena diminuição.

The direct estimation of the soil heat flux (G) by remote sensing data is not possible. For this, several models have been proposed empirically from the relation of G measures and biophysical parameters of various types of coverage or not vegetated in different places on earth. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between G/Rn ratio and biophysical variables obtained by satellite sensors and evaluate the parameterization of different models to estimate G spatially in three sites with different soil cover types. The net radiation (Rn) and G were measured directly in two pastures at Miranda Farm and Experimental Farm and and Monodominant Forest of Cambará. Rn, G, and G/Rn ratio and MODIS products, such as albedo (α), surface temperature (LST), vegetation index (NDVI) and leaf area index (LAI) varied seasonally at all sites and inter-sites. The sites were different from each other by presenting different relation between measures of Rn, G and G/Rn ratio and biophysical parameters. Among the original models, the model proposed by Bastiaanssen (1995) showed the best performance with r = 0.76, d = 0.95, MAE = 5.70 W m-2 and RMSE = 33.68 W m-2. As the reparameterized models, correlation coefficients had no significant change, but the coefficient Willmott (d) increased and the MAE and RMSE had a small decrease.

A produtividade primária bruta (GPP) de ecossistemas é uma importante variável no estudo de mudanças climáticas globais. A GPP, geralmente, tem sido estimada por técnicas micrometeorológicas. No entanto, essas técnicas possuem elevado custo de implantação e manutenção, fazendo com que o uso de dados de sensores orbitais seja uma opção a ser avaliada. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a potencialidade do produto MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) MOD17A2 e o modelo de fotossíntese da vegetação (VPM) para estimar a GPP de uma floresta de transição Amazônia-Cerrado. A GPP estimada pelo MOD17A2 (GPP MODIS) e pelo VPM (GPP VPM) foram validadas com a GPP estimada pelo método de correlação de vórtices turbulentos (GPP EC). A GPP MODIS, GPP VPM e GPP EC apresentaram sazonalidade similar, com maiores valores na estação chuvosa e menores na estação seca. No entanto, o VPM apresentou melhor desempenho do que o MOD17A2 em estimar a GPP, por utilizar dados climáticos locais para estimar a eficiência do uso da luz, enquanto que o produto MODIS utiliza um modelo de circulação global e uma tabela baseada no tipo de vegetação para estimar a eficiência do uso da luz.

The gross primary production (GPP) of ecosystems is an important variable in the study of global climate change. Generally, the GPP has been estimated by micrometeorological techniques. However, these techniques have a high cost of implantation and maintenance, making the use of orbital sensor data an option to be evaluated. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) MOD17A2 product and the vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) to predict the GPP of the Amazon-Cerrado transitional forest. The GPP predicted by MOD17A2 (GPP MODIS) and VPM (GPP VPM) were validated with the GPP estimated by eddy covariance (GPP EC). The GPP MODIS, GPP VPM and GPP EC have similar seasonality, with higher values in the wet season and lower in the dry season. However, the VPM performed was better than the MOD17A2 to estimate the GPP, due to use local climatic data for predict the light use efficiency, while the MOD17A2 use a global circulation model and the lookup table of each vegetation type to estimate the light use efficiency.