ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine if sex influenced abdominal fat yield, chemical composition, pH, color, fatty acid profile, and stability (by Differential Scanning Calorimetry - DSC) of Cobb chickens. Abdominal fat yields of 1.86 and 1.49% were obtained for females and males, respectively. Abdominal fat lipid contents of 70.68 and 74.36 g/100g, moisture content of 27.87 and 24.09 g/100g, protein content of 0.91 and 0.95 g/100g, ash content of 0.038 and 0.041 g/100g were obtained in males and females, respectively. Fat pH was not different between sexes, with values of 6.71 for males and 6.63 for females (p<0.05). Color L* values of 58.67 and 55.42, a* values of 4.95 and 3.44, and b* values of 7.36 and 8.18 were obtained for males and females, respectively. Female abdominal fat contained higher proportion of oleic acid (53.87%) followed by palmitic acid (30.07%), whereas 34.69% palmitic acid, 31.92% oleic acid, and 25.30% linoleic acid were determined in males. The proportions of the evaluated fatty acids were significantly different (p>0.05) between males and females, except for palmitic acid. The DSC analysis showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between sexes for melting and crystallization points. It was concluded that sex influences abdominal chicken fat yield, chemical composition, color, and DSC parameters.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de fontes de cálcio (Ca), aplicadas em pré-colheita, no controle de "bitter pit" e na qualidade físico-química de maçãs 'Catarina'. Os experimentos foram conduzidos durante três safras (2004/2005, 2005/2006 e 2006/2007) em um pomar comercial localizado em São Joaquim, SC. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As fontes de Ca testadas foram CaCl2, Calboron, Sett, Aminolom Floración, Max Fruit, S-CaB, Cal Super, Wuxal Cálcio, Orgasol Ca, CalSOL 15, Coda-Ca-L e CodaSal-Plus 2000. As pulverizações foram iniciadas do estádio J (frutos verdes) e finalizaram 30 dias antes da colheita dos frutos. Avaliaram-se a incidência e severidade de "bitter pit" na colheita (safras 2005/2006 e 2006/2007) e após três (safra 2005/2006) e cinco meses (safra 2006/2007) de armazenamento refrigerado. A incidência de "bitter pit" no tratamento controle (sem fonte de Ca) foi 24% e 46% nas safras de 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, respectivamente. Somente na safra 2004/2005, os tratamentos CaCl2, Calboron+CaCl2, Sett, Calboron e S-CaB aumentaram o teor de Ca nos frutos. Pulverizações em pré-colheita de CaCl2, Calboron e Sett na safra 2005/2006, e de CaCl2 e CalSOL 15 (10 e 15 aplicações) na safra 2006/2007, reduziram a incidência de "bitter pit", sem ocasionar alterações significativas nos teores de Ca, N e K nos frutos em relação ao controle. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as fontes de Ca testadas foram pouco efetivas para aumentar o teor deste elemento no fruto e controlar o "bitter pit"em maçãs 'Catarina', havendo uma tendência do cloreto de cálcio ser mais efetivo em controlar este distúrbio fisiológico. Nas três safras, a pulverização pré-colheita com diferentes fontes de Ca não afetou o rendimento, o peso médio e a qualidade físico-química dos frutos.

The objective this work was to evaluate the effects of sources of calcium (Ca), sprayed at preharvest, on bitter pit control and physico-chemical quality of 'Catarina' apples. The experiments were conducted during three seasons (2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007) in a commercial orchard, in São Joaquim, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. The experiment followed the randomized block design, with four repetitions. The sources of Ca tested were CaCl2, Calboron, Sett, Aminolom Floración, Max Fruit, S-CaB, Cal Super, Wuxal Cálcio, Orgasol Ca, CalSOL 15, Coda-Ca-L and CodaSal-Plus 2000. The spraying of treatments started at the phenological stage J (green fruit) and finished 30 days before fruit harvest. The incidence and severity of bitter pit was assessed at harvest (in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007), and after three (in 2005/2006) and five (in 2006/2007) months of cold storage. The control treatment (without Ca) exhibited incidences of bitter pit of 24% and 46% in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, respectively. Only in 2004/2005, the treatments CaCl2, Calboron + CaCl2, Sett, Calboron and S-CaB increased the Ca content in the fruits. Preharvest sprayings with CaCl2, Calboron and Sett in 2005/2006, and with CaCl2 and CalSOL 15 (10 and 15 sprayings) in 2006/2007, reduced the incidence of bitter pit, without significantly changing the fruit contents of Ca, N and K in comparison to the control. The results show that the source of Ca tested did not increase consistently the Ca content in the fruit and had small efficiency to control bitter pit in 'Catarina' apples, with a slightly higher efficiency for calcium chloride to control the disorder. In all three seasons, the preharvest spraying with different sources of Ca had no significant effect on yield, fruit weight and physico-chemical quality of the fruits at harvest.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment of symptomatic pelvic lymphoceles (SPL) after performing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLA) simultaneously. MATERIAL AND METHODS:We analyzed, in a retrospective study, 250 patients who underwent RRP with PLA simultaneously. Only patients with SPL were treated using different non- and invasive procedures such as percutaneous aspiration, percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) with or without sclerotherapy, laparoscopic lymphocelectomy (LL) and open marsupialization (OM). RESULTS: Fifty-two patients (21%) had postoperative subclinical pelvic lymphoceles. Thirty patients (12%) developed SPL. Fifteen patients with noninfected uniloculated lymphocele (NUL) healed spontaneously after performing PCD. The remaining seven patients required sclerotherapy with additional doxycycline. After performing PCD, NUL healed better and faster than noninfected multiloculated lymphocele (NML) (success rate: 80% vs. 16%, respectively). Twenty-seven percent of patients treated initially with PCD, with or without sclerotherapy had persistent lymphocele. All patients were successfully treated with LL. Only one patient had an abscess as a major complication of a persistent SPL after PCD and sclerotherapy and was treated via an open laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic NUL can be treated using PCD with or without sclerotherapy. If this therapy fails as first-line treatment, laparoscopic lymphocelectomy should be considered within a short period of time in order to achieve successful treatment. NML should be treated using a laparoscopic approach in centers where this type of expertise is available. Infected lymphoceles are drained externally. In these cases, percutaneous or open external drainage with adequate antibiotic coverage is preferable.