Resumo A artéria ulnar é o maior ramo terminal da artéria braquial, ela apresenta origem na fossa cubital e é coberta pelos músculos flexores do antebraço. Reportamos uma variação anatômica, na qual a artéria ulnar situava-se em posição superficial no antebraço. Por falta de conhecimento sobre essa variação, ocorreu a lesão após uma tentativa de punção venosa, a qual levou à formação de um pseudoaneurisma. braquial antebraço anatômica situavase situava se venosa pseudoaneurisma

Abstract The ulnar artery is the larger terminal branch of the brachial artery. It originates in the cubital fossa and is covered by the flexor muscles of the forearm. We report an anatomic variant in which the ulnar artery was in a superficial position in the forearm. Since this variant was unknown, an attempted venous puncture injured the artery, causing formation of a pseudoaneurysm. forearm unknown pseudoaneurysm

Abstract Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of two desensitizing agents and water on hydraulic conductance in human dentin. Material and Methods GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel (GLU) contains glutaraldehyde (GA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and Teethmate Desensitizer (TD) is a powder comprising tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) that is mixed with water. Deionized water was used as a negative control (CTR). Thirty discs with a thickness of 1.2 mm were cut from the coronal dentin of the third molars and cleaned with 0.5 M EDTA (pH 7.4). After being mounted in a split-chamber device, the discs were pressurized with water at 1 kPa and 3 kPa in order to measure flow rates with a highly sensitive micro-flow sensor and to calculate hydraulic conductance as a baseline value (BL). Following the application of GLU, TD, and CTR (n=10), hydraulic conductance was remeasured with intermittent storage in water after 15 min, 1 d, 1 w, and 1 m. Reduction in permeability (PR%) was calculated from hydraulic conductance. Data were statistically analyzed using nonparametric methods (α<0.05). Representative discs were inspected by SEM. Results PR% for GLU and TD were 30-50% 15 min and 1 m after their application. Post hoc tests indicated that PR% of CTR was significantly greater than those of GLU and TD at all time points tested. The PR% of GLU and TD were not significantly different. SEM examinations showed noncollapsed collagen meshes at the tubular entrances after GLU, and crystalline precipitates occluding the tubular orifices after TD, whereas CTR specimens showed typical patterns of etched dentin. Conclusions The present study on hydraulic conductance in dentin discs treated with two chemically different desensitizing agents and water as a control demonstrated that both products may be characterized as effective.

No Parque Municipal do Ibirapuera em São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 10 amostras de folhedo submerso misto foram coletadas mensalmente de março de 2007 a junho de 2009, às margens de cinco locais em três lagos, concomitantemente à medição de algumas variáveis abióticas. No laboratório as folhas foram lavadas, fracionadas em alíquotas (1 cm²), incubadas em água destilada esterilizada a 22 ºC durante 30 dias e analisadas microscopicamente. Vinte e sete táxons de fungos foram obtidos, sendo 15 de fungos ingoldianos e 12 aquáticos facultativos, com predomínio de Lunulospora curvula Ingold, Triscelophorus monosporus Ingold, Tripospermum myrtii (Lind.) S. J. Hughes, Anguillospora longíssima (Sacc. et Syd.) Ingold e Triscelophorus acuminatus Nawawi. A análise ANOSIM revelou que amostras de locais de coleta em diferentes estações divergiram mais do que entre locais de coleta na mesma estação climática. O intenso assoreamento do local de coleta situado imediatamente após a unidade de flotação quase aniquilou a melhoria das condições abióticas, encorajando o monitoramento cuidadoso para manter a qualidade da água em todo parque.

Ten samples of submerged mixed leaves were collected monthly from March 2007 to June 2009 on the margins of five sites in three lakesat Parque Municipal do Ibirapuera, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Some abiotic variables were concomitantly measured. At the laboratory, the leaves were washed, fractionated into aliquots (1 cm²), incubated in sterile distilled water for 30 days at 22 ºC, and microscopically analysed. Twenty-seven fungal taxa were obtained, being 15 ingoldianand 12 facultatives, with predominance of Lunulospora curvula Ingold, Triscelophorus monosporus Ingold, Tripospermum myrtii (Lind.) S. J. Hughes, Anguillospora longissima (Sacc. et Syd.) Ingold, and Triscelophorus acuminatus Nawawi. ANOSIM analysis revealed that samples taken from several collection sites in different seasons presented more differences than collection sites sampled in the same season. The intense siltation of one sampling site, located immediately after a flotation unit, almost annihilates the improved abiotic conditions, encouraging careful monitoring to maintain the water quality at the entire park.

OBJECTIVE: This research was designed as a pilot proof-of-concept study to evaluate the use of low-dose methadone in post-herpetic neuralgia patients who remained refractory after first and second line post-herpetic neuralgia treatments and had indications for adding an opioid agent to their current drug regimens. METHODS: This cross-over study was double blind and placebo controlled. Ten opioid naïve post-herpetic neuralgia patients received either methadone (5 mg bid) or placebo for three weeks, followed by a 15-day washout period and a second three-week treatment with either methadone or placebo, accordingly. Clinical evaluations were performed four times (before and after each three-week treatment period). The evaluations included the visual analogue scale, verbal category scale, daily activities scale, McGill pain questionnaire, adverse events profile, and evoked pain assessment. All patients provided written informed consent before being included in the study. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01752699 RESULTS: Methadone, when compared to placebo, did not significantly affect the intensity of spontaneous pain, as measured by the visual analogue scale. The intensity of spontaneous pain was significantly decreased after the methadone treatment compared to placebo on the category verbal scale (50% improved after the methadone treatment, none after the placebo, p = 0.031). Evoked pain was reduced under methadone compared to placebo (50% improved after the methadone treatment, none after the placebo, p = 0.031). Allodynia reduction correlated with sleep improvement (r = 0.67, p = 0.030) during the methadone treatment. The side effects profile was similar between both treatments. Conclusions: Methadone seems to be safe and efficacious in post-herpetic neuralgia. It should be tried as an adjunctive treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia in larger prospective studies.

The antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties of melatonin have been well described in the literature. In this study, our objective was to determine the protective effect of the pineal gland hormone against the DNA damage induced by cyclophosphamide (CP), an anti-tumor agent that is widely applied in clinical practice. DNA damage was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (20 or 50 mg/kg). Animals received melatonin during the dark period for 15 days (1 mg/kg in the drinking water). Rat bone marrow cells were used for the determination of chromosomal aberrations and of formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase enzyme (Fpg)-sensitive sites by the comet technique and ofXpf mRNA expression by qRT-PCR. The number (mean ± SE) of chromosomal aberrations in pinealectomized (PINX) animals treated with melatonin and CP (2.50 ± 0.50/100 cells) was lower than that obtained for PINX animals injected with CP (12 ± 1.8/100 cells), thus showing a reduction of 85.8% in the number of chromosomal aberrations. This melatonin-mediated protection was also observed when oxidative lesions were analyzed by the Fpg-sensitive assay, both 24 and 48 h after CP administration. The expression of Xpf mRNA, which is involved in the DNA nucleotide excision repair machinery, was up-regulated by melatonin. The results indicate that melatonin is able to protect bone marrow cells by completely blocking CP-induced chromosome aberrations. Therefore, melatonin administration could be an alternative and effective treatment during chemotherapy.

A família Caryocaraceae é constituída por 25 espécies distribuídas em dois gêneros (Caryocar e Anthodiscus). Plantas desta família têm sido utilizadas em diversos estudos fitoquímicos para isolamento e caracterização de constituintes químicos. Alguns destes estudos avaliaram atividades biológicas in vitro e in vivo de extratos e substâncias puras isoladas a partir de plantas desta família. São descritas nove espécies dentro do gênero Anthodiscus e nenhum estudo fitoquímico relacionado a elas foi relatado. Por outro lado, o gênero Caryocar apresenta 16 espécies com diversos usos medicinais, tais como: para o tratamento de resfriados, bronquites, na prevenção de tumores, como reguladores do fluxo menstrual, em problemas oftalmológicos, e na cura de hematomas e contusões. Algumas espécies deste gênero foram submetidas a estudos fitoquímicos e apresentaram, em sua composição, as seguintes classes de metabólitos secundários: triterpenos, ácidos graxos, taninos, carotenoides, saponinas triterpênicas, cumarinas, glicosídeos fenólicos, entre outros. Os frutos de espécies Caryocar são muito nutritivos contendo em sua composição, fibras, proteínas, carboidratos e minerais. As sementes têm sido amplamente usadas como fonte de óleo com valor nutricional e cosmético. A avaliação biológica de algumas espécies foi realizada utilizando-se testes biológicos relevantes, entre eles: a atividade antioxidante, alelopática, antifúngica, contra Biomphalaria glabrata, e toxicidade sobre Artemia salina.

The Caryocaraceae family is constituted of 25 species distributed in two genera (Caryocar and Anthodiscus). Plants of this family have been used in several phytochemical studies for isolation and characterization of chemical compounds. Some of these studies evaluated in vitro and in vivo biological activities of extracts and pure substances isolated from plants of this family. Nine species of Anthodiscus genus have been described, while no phytochemical study related to them has been reported. On the other hand, Caryocar genus presents 16 species with several medicinal uses like for the treatment of colds and bronchitis, in the prevention of tumours, as a regulating agent of the menstrual flow, to treat ophthalmological problems and for the cure of hematomas and bruises. Some species of this genus were targeted by phytochemical studies and presented, in their composition, the following classes of secondary metabolites: triterpenes, fatty acids, tannins, carotenoids, triterpenic saponins, phenolic coumarins, phenolic glycosides, and others. The fruits of Caryocar species are very nutritive, containing in their composition fibers, proteins, carbohydrates and minerals. Seeds have been widely used as oil source with nutritional and cosmetic value. The biological evaluation of some species was carried out by using relevant biological assays such as: antioxidant, allelopathic and antifungal activities against Biomphalaria glabrata and toxicity on Artemia salina.

There are many controversies regarding the cyto- and genotoxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In this work, we discuss that many of the incongruous arguments are probably associated with the poor physical-chemical characterization of the CNT samples used in many publications. This manuscript presents examples of carbon nanostructures observed under high resolution electron microscopy that can be found in typical CNT samples, and shows which roles in cyto- and genotoxicity need to be better investigated. Issues concerning chemical treatment are addressed and examples of misunderstandings that can occur during the studies of cyto- and genotoxicity of CNT samples are given.

The phytochemical investigation on the aereal parts of Lychnophora pinaster Mart., Asteraceae, was carried to isolation of triterpenes. 3-O-Acetyl-lupeol (1), 3-O-acetyl-pseudotaraxasterol (2), and 3-O-acetyl-α-amyrin (3) were isolated from hexanic extract and 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-22,24-dien-5-ol (4), α-amyrin (5), and lupeol (6) were isolated from hexanic/dichlorometanic extract of the leaves. Compounds Δ7-bauerenyl acetate (7), friedelin (8), stigmasterol (9), and sitosterol (10) were isolated from the hexanic/dichlorometanic extract of the stems. The steroids 9 and 10 were also isolated from the hexanic/dichlorometanic extract of the flowers. Triterpenes 1, 3, 4, and 7 are described for the first time in the genus Lychnophora. The apolar fractions of the leaf and stem extracts and some isolated triterpenes showed low trypanocidal activity. Moreover, apolar fractions of the leaf and stem extracts and 5 showed antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus.

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A literatura refere que a ação muscular excêntrica produz maior força e menor atividade mioelétrica que a concêntrica, enquanto a resposta da frequência cardíaca (FC) é maior durante a contração concêntrica que durante a excêntrica. OBJETIVOS: Investigar as respostas de torque médio máximo (TMM), eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs) e FC durante diferentes tipos de contração muscular e velocidades angulares em homens idosos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Doze homens saudáveis (61,7±1,6 anos) realizaram flexões e extensões do joelho concêntrica (C) e excêntrica (E) em 60º/s e 120º/s. Registrou-se a atividade EMGs do músculo vasto lateral e normalizou-se pela RMS (µV) da extensão isométrica máxima do joelho em 60º. A FC (bpm) foi registrada em repouso e durante cada contração. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o teste de Friedman para medidas repetidas com post hoc de Dunn (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Os valores médios de TMM (N.m/kg) foram menores e os de RMS (µV) foram maiores (p<0,05) nas contrações concêntricas (C60º/s=2,80 e 0,99; C120º/s=2,46 e 1,0) comparativamente com as excêntricas (E60º/s=3,94 e 0,85; E120º/s=4,08 e 0,89), respectivamente. Já a variação da FC foi semelhante nas quatro condições estudadas. CONCLUSÃO: A magnitude das respostas de TMM e RMS em homens idosos foi dependente da natureza da ação muscular e independente da velocidade angular, enquanto as respostas da FC não foram influenciadas por esses fatores.

BACKGROUND: The literature reports that the eccentric muscular action produces greater force and lower myoelectric activity than the concentric muscular action, while the heart rate (HR) responses are bigger during concentric contraction. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the maximum average torque (MAT), surface electromyographic (SEMG) and the heart rate (HR) responses during different types of muscular contraction and angular velocities in older men. METHODS: Twelve healthy men (61.7±1.6years) performed concentric (C) and eccentric (E) isokinetic knee extension-flexion at 60º/s and 120º/s. SEMG activity was recorded from vastus lateralis muscle and normalized by Root Mean Square - RMS (µV) of maximal isometric knee extension at 60º. HR (beats/min) and was recorded at rest and throughout each contraction. The data were analyzed by the Friedman test for repeated measures with post hoc Dunn's test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The median values of MAT (N.m/kg) was smaller and the RMS (µV) was larger during concentric contraction (C60º/s=2.80 and 0.99; C120º/s=2.46 and 1.0) than eccentric (E60º/s=3.94 and 0.85; E120º/s=4.08 and 0.89), respectively. The HR variation was similar in the four conditions studied. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of MAT and RMS responses in older men were dependent of the nature of the muscular action and independent of the angular velocity, whereas HR response was not influenced by these factors.

The use of microorganisms to induce chemical modifications in organic molecules is a very useful tool in organic synthesis, to obtain biologically active substances. The fungus Cephalosporium aphidicola is known by its ability to hydroxylate several skeleton positions of many classes of organic compounds. In this work, the microbial transformation of ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol (1) by C. aphidicola, afforded two hydroxylated compounds, ent-kauran-16β,19-diol (2) and ent-kauran-16β,17,19-triol (3). Their structures were established by 1D and 2D-NMR studies. Both compounds were tested for their action on the growth of radical and shoot of Lactuca sativa.

O espectro de ondas na alta atmosfera tem sido revelado por uma variedade de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto ótico. Muitas destas perturbações apresentam períodos variando de 5 minutos a algumas horas e escalas horizontais que variam de dezenas a milhares de quilômetros e são devidas a livre propagação de ondas de gravidade e marés atmosféricas. Observações óticas das características espacial e temporal destas ondas na região ( ~ 80-100 km) da mesosfera e baixa termosfera (MLT) utilizam a variação da aeroluminescência atmosférica. Este trabalho descreve o estado da arte das técnicas que utilizam o imageamento via CCD para detectar estas ondas através das variações provocadas na intensidade e temperatura. Medidas de um imageador de céu todo (All-sky, 180º) são usadas parar determinar as características de ondas de pequena escala e curto período ( < 1 hora) e investigar a sazonalidade da direção propagação destas ondas, como também o depósito de momento na região da MLT. Estes resultados são comparados com medidas da temperatura atmosférica realizadas usando um novo sistema de imageamento de mapeamento da temperatura mesosférica capaz de determinar variações nas amplitudes da temperatura provocadas pelas ondas de gravidade através da investigação da variabilidade noturna da temperatura mesosférica.

A variety of optical remote sensing techniques have now revealed a rich spectrum of wave activity in the upper atmosphere. Many of these perturbations, with periodicities ranging from ~ 5 min to many hours and horizontal scales of a few tens of km to several thousands km, are due to freely propagating atmospheric gravity waves and forced tidal oscillations. Passive optical observations of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region ( ~ 80-100 km) are facilitated by several naturally occurring, vertically distinct nightglow layers. This paper describes the use of state-of-the-art ground-based CCD imaging techniques to detect these waves in intensity and temperature. All-sky (180º) image measurements are used to illustrate the characteristics of small-scale, short period ( < 1 hour) waves and to investigate their seasonal propagation and momentum impact on the MLT region. These results are then contrasted with measurements of mesospheric temperature made using a new temperature mapping imaging system capable of determining induced temperature amplitudes of a large range of wave motions and investigating night-to-night and seasonal variability in mesospheric temperature.

In order to better understand the breakup contribution to fusion, we perfomed light particle coincidence measurements for the systems 6,7Li+12C,59Co at energies near and above the barrier. A three body kinematics analysis is performed with the objective of separating the contributions of different reaction mechanisms. For small angular differences between the light particles, the sequential and direct breakup seem to dominate. On the other hand, for large detector separations, a sequential decay following transfer is likely to dominate.

OBJETIVOS: avaliar impacto da terapia a laser no crescimento fetal na Sindrome de transfusão feto-fetal (STFF). MÉTODOS: diâmetro biparietal (DBP), circunferência cefálica (CC) e abdominal (CA), comprimento do fêmur (CF) e peso fetal foram colhidos prospectivamente no período de cinco anos (1999 a 2004). A discordância entre os gêmeos foi expressa como porcentagem da medida do maior. As medidas foram feitas um dia antes do laser, duas vezes após e depois do nascimento. A cada exame e pós-parto foram calculadas médias das discordâncias entre medidas e peso fetal. ANOVA foi usada para comparar as médias. RESULTADOS: a discordância média (SD) para DBP, CC, CA, CF e peso fetal um dia antes do laser foi 8,53% (5,28), 8,75% (2,76), 16,19% (4,85), 12,92% (5,13) e 28,50% (6,46). No segundo exame pós-laser os resultados foram 4,37% (3,55), 3,73% (2,71), 8,90% (4,42), 6,61% (4,99) e 19,11% (8,01); e a discordância do peso fetal ao nascimento foi 18,55% (8,74). Houve diminuição significativa na discordância para CC e CA em cada exame. CONCLUSÕES: houve redução significativa na discordância do crescimento fetal após o laser na STFF. Estas alterações podem estar relacionadas à readaptação dos fluxos sangüíneos após tratamento.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the impact of laser therapy on inter-twin discordance in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). METHODS: biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight were prospectively collected during a five-year period (1999 to 2004). The inter-twin discordance was expressed as a percentage of the largest twin's measurements. The measurements were made the day before laser, twice following laser and after delivery. The mean values of discordance in measurements and in fetal weight were calculated. ANOVA was used to compare mean values. RESULTS: the mean (SD) discordance for BPD, HC, AC, FL and estimated fetal weight the day before laser were 8.53% (5.28), 8.75% (2.76), 16.19% (4.85), 12.92% (5.13) and 28.50% (6.46) respectively. At the at 2nd ultrasound assessment after surgery were 4.37% (3.55), 3.73% (2.71), 8.90% (4.42), 6.61% (4.99) and 19.11% (8.01) respectively; and at birth the weight discordance was 18.55% (8.74). There was a significant decrease in discordance for HC and AC for each ultrasound assessment. CONCLUSIONS: there was a decrease in fetal growth discordance following laser therapy in TTTS. These changes might be related to re-adaptation of blood flow following laser therapy.

A biotransformação da digitoxigenina (1) por Fusarium ciliatum foi investigada. O cardenolídeo 1 foi obtido a partir da hidrólise ácida da digitoxina e a reação também forneceu os produtos secundários delta14-15-digitoxigenina (2) e delta8-14-digitoxigenina (3). A reação de biotransformação foi realizada em um período de 5 dias e três produtos foram isolados e identificados a partir de análises espectrométricas: digoxigenina (4), digoxigenona (5) e digitoxigenona (6). A obtenção dos dois últimos cardenolídeos nas condições empregadas é inédita. A investigação da cinética da reação de biotransformação indicou 6 como o primeiro produto a ser formado, seguido dos derivados hidroxilados 4 e 5, sugerindo o envolvimento de enzima distintas na hiroxilação em 12beta e na oxidação em C-3 da digitoxigenina (1). A reação de biotransformação também foi realizada com a digitoxina, mas F. ciliatum se mostrou incapaz de promover sua hidroxilação.

The biotransformation of digitoxigenin (1) by Fusarium ciliatum was investigated. The cardenolide 1 was obtained by the acid hydrolysis of digitoxin and the reaction also afforded two side products, identified as delta14-15-digitoxigenin (2) and delta8-14-digitoxigenin (3) by spectroscopic analysis. The biotransformation reaction was carried out in a 5 days process and three products were isolated and had their structures elucidated as digoxigenin (4), digoxigenone (5) and digitoxigenone (6). The investigation of the biotransformation kinetics disclosed 6 as the first derivative to be formed, followed by the more polar hydroxylated products 4 and 5, suggesting the involvement of different enzymes in 12beta hydroxylation and C-3 oxydation of digitoxigenin (1). The production of 5 and 6 under the employed conditions has never been reported. The biotransformation reaction was also undertaken with digitoxin, but F. ciliatum has been unable to promote its hydroxylation.