RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia dos probióticos de diferentes constituições: de culturas definidas e de culturas indefinidas no controle de Salmonella Enteritidis em frangos de corte, identificando qual a constituição e qual ou quais probióticos testados é mais eficaz. Foram inoculados 390 frangos de corte com 1ml de Salmonella Enteritidis, via oral, na concentração de 1,2 x 109 UFC (Unidades Formadoras de Colônia). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com 5 tratamentos e 6 repetições cada, totalizando 30 boxes com 13 aves/boxe (13 aves/m2). Os tratamentos foram fornecidos via água de bebida 1 hora após a inoculação, com 12 horas de tratamento com probióticos por dia, durante 3 dias consecutivos (1º, 2º e 3º dia de idade das aves). Os cinco tratamentos foram: T1 - Controle sem probiótico, T2 - Probiótico A (cultura definida - forma liofilizada, 7 cepas), T3 - Probiótico B (cultura definida - forma liofilizada, 11 cepas), T4 - Probiótico C (cultura indefinida - forma líquida), T5 - Probiótico D (cultura indefinida - forma liofilizada). O desempenho zootécnico foi avaliado usando o peso médio, a conversão alimentar e a mortalidade. Análises microbiológicas foram realizadas utilizando o método NMP (NMP/g)e isolamento de Salmonella através técnica de enriquecimento seletivo. Amostras de pool de íleo, tonsilas cecais e cecos e pool de fígado, coração e baço foram coletadas aos 5 dias e aos 31 dias de idade. Para desempenho zootécnico e isolamento de Salmonella Enteritidis não foram observadas diferenças (p≥0,05). Todos os probióticos utilizados foram eficazes na redução da colonização de Salmonella Enteritidis no íleo, tonsilas cecais e cecos aos 5 dias de idade e somente os probióticos do T2 (cultura definida) e T5 (cultura indefinida) reduziram a colonização aos 31 dias sendo considerados os mais eficazes no controle de Salmonella Enteritidis nestes segmentos intestinais avaliados. Não se pode afirmar quais das constituições de probióticos, culturas definidas ou indefinidas, são mais eficazes no controle de Salmonella Enteritidis.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics from different formations, defined and undefined cultures, applied in the control of Salmonella Enteritidis in broilers, identifying the compositions and states for which the probiotics are more effective. For that, 390 broilers were inoculated orally with 1.00 ml of Salmonella Enteritidis at a concentration of 1.2x109 CFU (Colony Forming Units). The experimental design used was randomized blocks with 5 treatments and 6 replications, totaling 30 boxes with 13 birds/box (13 birds/m2). The treatments were provided via drinking water 1 hour after inoculation, keeping a daily treatment of 12 hours with probiotics, for 3 consecutive days (birds at 1, 2 and 3 days of age). In general, the five treatments conducted were: T1 - Control without probiotic, T2 - Probiotic A (defined culture - lyophilized form, strain 7), T3 - Probiotic B (defined culture - lyophilized form, strain 11), T4 - Probiotic C (undefined culture liquid form), T5 - Probiotic D (undefined culture - liquid form). After treatments, performance was evaluated through average body weight, feed conversion and mortality counting. Microbiological analysis and Salmonella isolation were performed using MPN (Most Probable Number) and selective enrichment technique methods, respectively. Samples of ileum and liver pool, cecal tonsils, cecum, heart and spleen pool were collected at 5 and 31 days of age. No differences were observed on growth performance and isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis (p≥0.05). All probiotics applied were effective on reducing Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in the ileum, cecal tonsils, and cecum at 5 days of life. Probiotics T2 and T5 has shown effectiveness in reducing colonization at 31 days, being considered the most efficient on Salmonella Enteritidis control, for the intestines segments evaluated. It was not possible to affirm which probiotics formation, defined or undefined, is more efficient for Salmonella Enteritidis control.

En Colombia, la gallina criolla, no se ha caracterizado y tipificado adecuadamente, desconociéndose casi por completo las aptitudes productivas y sus diversos rasgos fenotípicos, por lo que conservar las estirpes nativas se convierte en un objetivo prioritario, debido a que la destrucción del hábitat y el escaso conocimiento de estas estirpes ponen al genoma nativo al borde de la extinción. El material genético del país, tiene su origen del Gallus bankiva (Gallus gallus ssp.). Esta investigación se realizó en la zona de influencia de la selva de Florencia del municipio de Samaná, Caldas. Para la tipificación y caracterización se examinó la totalidad de las gallinas y gallos criollos adultos encontrados en fincas de la región, se recolectó la información en un formato de encuesta integrado por variables cuantitativas y cualitativas, registrando la apariencia fenotípica de las aves. Para agrupar los individuos, se utilizó un análisis multivariado, mediante la metodología de correspondencias múltiples, en el programa estadístico SPAD.N, el cual permite reunir individuos de características similares en grupos homogéneos. Como consecuencia del análisis se obtuvieron siete ejes factoriales y cinco grupos resultantes que explican el 70% de la varianza, analizando 47 variables activas, que agruparon el 98% de los animales. Las principales características fenotípicas fueron: color de plumaje, ojos, pico, tarsos, forma de la cresta, tamaño y peso corporal. El Grupo uno fue el de aves de color marrón que tienen el efecto del gen dorado (ss); el Grupo dos es dominado por el color negro, que representa el 26% de la población analizada. El tercer Grupo constituido por el 11% de la población y conformado por aves de color blanco, por ser poseedoras del gen (c/c). El Grupo cuatro, reúne el 11% de la población con aves de color amarillo o rubio; y, por último, el Grupo cinco, que congrega las aves con plumaje barrado, por la presencia del gen barrado (B-b). En la zona de la selva de Florencia, Caldas, predominan los genotipos criollos, de plumaje oscuro, por ser menos vulnerables a los depredadores; es un germoplasma adaptado a las condiciones de la región, en donde el color marrón es el dominante.

Creole hens in Colombia have not been characterized or categorized satisfactorily, being their productive flair as well as their diverse phenotypic features almost completely unknown, reason why preserving the native strain becomes a priority, especially because of their habitat destruction and the scarce knowledge of these strain which place the native genome at extinction risk. The genetic material of the country has its origins in the Gallus bankiva (Gallus gallus ssp.). This research was carried out in the influence zone in the rain forest of Florencia in Samaná, Caldas. The totality of creole mature hens and roosters found in farms of the region was analyzed to obtain the categorization and characterization. Information was gathered in a survey form integrated by qualitative and quantitative variables in which the phenotypic feature of the hens was registered. A multivariate analysis was used to group the individuals through the multiple correspondence methodologies in the SPAD.N statistics program that allows bringing together similar individuals with similar characteristics in homogeneous groups. As a result of the analysis, seven factorial axes were obtained and five resultant groups that explain the 70% of variance, analyzing 47 active variables which grouped 98% of the animals. The main phenotypic features were: feathers' color, eyes, beak, crest form, size, and body weight. Group one was the one with brown birds with the gold gene effect (ss); group two was dominated by color black representing 26% of the population that was analyzed; the third group was made of the 11% of the population formed by white birds with the (c/c) gene; group four gathered the 11% of the yellow or blond individuals; and lastly, group number five got together birds with barred plumage by the presence of the Barred (B-b) gene. In the rain forest zone in Florencia, creole phenotypes with dark plumage take precedence as they are less vulnerable to predators; it is a germplasm adapted to the conditions of the region where color brown is dominant.