Gelsolin (GSN) can sever actin filaments associated with autophagy. This study investigated how GSN-regulated actin filaments control autophagy in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs) in acute pancreatitis (AP). AP was produced in a rat model and PDECs using caerulein (CAE). Rat pancreatic duct tissue and HPDE6-C7 cells were extracted at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after CAE treatment. HPDE6-C7 cells in the presence of CAE were treated with cytochalasin B (CB) or silenced for GSN for 24 h. Pancreatic histopathology and serum amylase levels were analyzed. Cellular ultrastructure and autophagy in PDECs were observed by transmission electron microscopy after 24 h of CAE treatment. The expression of GSN and autophagy markers LC3, P62, and LAMP2 was evaluated in PDECs by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Actin filaments were observed microscopically. Amylase levels were highest at 6 h of AP, and pancreatic tissue damage increased over time. Mitochondrial vacuolization and autophagy were observed in PDECs. CAE increased GSN expression in these cells over time, increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and LAMP2 expression at 24 and 6 h of treatment, respectively, and decreased P62 expression at all time points. CB treatment for 24 h decreased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and LAMP2 expression, increased P62 levels, but had no impact on GSN expression in CAE-treated PDECs. CAE induced actin depolymerization, and CB potentiated this effect. GSN silencing increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and LAMP2 expression and reduced actin depolymerization in CAE-treated PDECs. GSN may inhibit autophagosome biogenesis and autophagosome-lysosome fusion by increasing actin depolymerization in PDECs in AP.

ABSTRACT While excavation activities in mountain terrain regions, the exposure of carbonaceous mudstone could deteriorate the strength under the water-rock interaction, which impacts slope stability and affects the safety of the engineering project. The present study conducted the Point Loading Test (PLT), Acoustic Emission (AE), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to investigate the degradation of its mechanical properties under the water-rock interaction. The results reveal that: (1) The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content and water content correspond to a negative correlation, and the carbonaceous mudstone possesses a softening boundary which makes the mudstone strength decay rapidly resulting in the strength decrease by 80% once the water content exceeds the boundary value; (2) Water-rock interaction weakens the acoustic emission capacity and the acoustic emission characteristic in the failure process of carbonaceous mudstone with different TOC can reflect the influence of water-rock interaction on its macroscopic strength and fracture structure deterioration, and the damage degree under immersion is over 50%; (3) The inhomogeneity of water-rock interaction causes unbalanced forces in the rock, as dissolved soluble minerals and oxidation-reduction of organic matter accelerate the deterioration of carbonaceous mudstone making the water-rock interaction is slowed down by the water-swelling filling of minerals in a time period. Therefore, this study has investigated the strength deterioration of carbonaceous mudstone subjected to water-rock interaction from macro-scale and micro-scale perspectives, which provides a reference for preventing and controlling carbonaceous mudstone deterioration resulting from catastrophes.

A series of metal ion (M = Sn2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Co2+, Ag+, Cu2+) exchanged tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40; TPA) catalysts with tunable Brønsted/Lewis acidity were synthesized and exploited for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BzOH) to benzaldehyde (BzH) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant. The structure of these M-TPA composite salts was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe molecule method. Among these M-TPAs, the Sn1/2H2PW12O40 catalyst, which presented strong Brønsted acidity, the synergistic effect of Brønsted/Lewis and pseudo-liquid characteristic property, exhibited excellent catalytic activity and durability with 98.2% of BzH selectivity and 95.1% of BzH yield. The optimal conditions for the oxidation of BzOH optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) were as follows: n(BzOH)/n(H2O2) = 1:1.25, catalyst amount of 5.5 wt.% to BzOH, water amount of 17 mL, 3.3 h of reaction time, and temperature 393 K. Moreover, further kinetic study confirmed that the reaction order was 2.64 and the activation energy was 21.75 kJ mol-1.

Abstract Until now, custom-made or commercial polyclonal antibody against only one kind of fish IgM limited application of the antibody. During our research on development of vaccine against infection of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) in several kinds of fish, we were conscious of the urgency of secondary antibody to evaluate immune effect and screen C. sinensis infection with immunological technology instead of labor-intensive and time-consuming squash or artificial digestion of fish flesh. So that, we purified IgM of grass carp, bighead carp, crucian carp, common carp and tilapia which were widely cultured freshwater fishes in most areas of China. On this basis, we generated HRP-conjunct rabbit IgG anti-fish IgMs with high titers. IgM of other freshwater fishes including oshima, yellow catfish, bream, silver carp and so on could be recognized by the IgG sensitively. Additionally, The ELISA detection displayed that the IgG could be more specific and sensitive than custom-made rabbit IgG anti-grass carp IgM. The acquirement of HRP-conjunct rabbit IgG anti-fish IgMs was the cornerstone for studying the immune system of teleost fish, developing immunoassay methods and evaluation of fish vaccine with more convenience.

The detection of vitamin D in complex samples is challenging because of the instability of vitamin D in sample preparation. To resolve this problem, packed-fiber solid-phase extraction (PFSPE) has been successfully developed for the pre-treatment of samples containing vitamin D2 (D2) and vitamin D3 (D3) in dairy products. Based on PFSPE, vitamin D could avoid oxidation because of the shorter extraction time. The adsorbent materials, polystyrene/polypyrrole (PS/PPy) nanofibers, were prepared by electrospinning of PS and in situ polymerization of PPy on the surface of PS nanofibers. The linearity was within the range of 1-2000 ng mL−1 in dairy solution, and the recoveries were 91.9-109.1% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) < 13.6%. Therefore, the prepared method could be used for the detection of D2 and D3 in dairy products.

Abstract The acquired pellicle formation is the first step in dental biofilm formation. It distinguishes dental biofilms from other biofilm types. Objective To explore the influence of salivary pellicle formation before biofilm formation on enamel demineralization. Methodology Saliva collection was approved by Indiana University IRB. Three donors provided wax–stimulated saliva as the microcosm bacterial inoculum source. Acquired pellicle was formed on bovine enamel samples. Two groups (0.5% and 1% sucrose–supplemented growth media) with three subgroups (surface conditioning using filtered/pasteurized saliva; filtered saliva; and deionized water (DIW)) were included (n=9/subgroup). Biofilm was then allowed to grow for 48 h using Brain Heart Infusion media supplemented with 5 g/l yeast extract, 1 mM CaCl2.2H2O, 5% vitamin K and hemin (v/v), and sucrose. Enamel samples were analyzed for Vickers surface microhardness change (VHNchange), and transverse microradiography measuring lesion depth (L) and mineral loss (∆Z). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Results The two-way interaction of sucrose concentration × surface conditioning was not significant for VHNchange (p=0.872), ∆Z (p=0.662) or L (p=0.436). Surface conditioning affected VHNchange (p=0.0079), while sucrose concentration impacted ∆Z (p<0.0001) and L (p<0.0001). Surface conditioning with filtered/pasteurized saliva resulted in the lowest VHNchange values for both sucrose concentrations. The differences between filtered/pasteurized subgroups and the two other surface conditionings were significant (filtered saliva p=0.006; DIW p=0.0075). Growing the biofilm in 1% sucrose resulted in lesions with higher ∆Z and L values when compared with 0.5% sucrose. The differences in ∆Z and L between sucrose concentration subgroups was significant, regardless of surface conditioning (both p<0.0001). Conclusion Within the study limitations, surface conditioning using human saliva does not influence biofilm–mediated enamel caries lesion formation as measured by transverse microradiography, while differences were observed using surface microhardness, indicating a complex interaction between pellicle proteins and biofilm–mediated demineralization of the enamel surface.

RESUMO Objetivo: meta-análise para avaliar a eficácia da intervenção de enfermagem, no nível de esperança para pacientes com câncer. Método: foram pesquisados bancos de dados eletrônicos. Dois dos autores, de forma independente, extraíram os dados dos estudos elegíveis e os agruparam no software Stata 13.0. Resultado: nove ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos e a qualidade metodológica destes estudos foi avaliada utilizando as recomendações do manual Cochrane. Um modelo de efeito aleatório foi usado para combinar resultados dos estudos elencados. O agrupamento dos resultados por meio de um modelo de efeitos fixos mostrou primeiros escores revelaram um efeito significativamente maior após o uso da intervenção de enfermagem entre os grupos. Foi identificada heterogeneidade entre os estudos para pós-teste (df = 8, p = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). Os resultados indicaram heterogeneidade significativa nos nove estudos selecionados. O teste para heterogeneidade não demonstrou homogeneidade entre os estudos de acompanhamento (df = 8, p = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), mas sem significância estatística. Conclusão: as evidências atuais sugerem que a intervenção de enfermagem tem um efeito positivo no sentimento de esperança em pacientes com câncer. No entanto, são necessários mais ensaios controlados randomizados em maior escala e de alta qualidade para confirmar esses resultados.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of nursing interventions to increase the level of hope in cancer patients, in a meta-analysis. Methods: electronic databases were searched. Two of the authors independently extracted data from the eligible studies, and Stata 13.0 software was used to pool the data. Results: nine randomized controlled trials were included, and methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial (RCT) was evaluated using Cochrane handbook recommendations. A random effects model was used to combine results from eligible studies. The pooled results using the fixed effects model showed that scores to first effects increase significantly after the use of nursing intervention between the groups. Heterogeneity was observed among the studies for posttest (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). The results indicated significant heterogeneity across the nine selected studies. The test for heterogeneity showed no homogeneity among studies for follow-up (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), and there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: the current evidence suggests that nursing intervention has a positive effect on hope in cancer patients. However, more large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la intervención de enfermería para pacientes oncológicos en el nivel de esperanza en un meta análisis. Método: se buscó información en bases de datos electrónicas. Dos de los autores extrajeron de forma independiente los datos de los estudios de elegibilidad, y se utilizó el software Stata 13.0 para agrupar los datos. Resultados: se incluyeron nueve ensayos aleatorios controlados y se evaluó la calidad metodológica del ensayo controlado aleatorizado (ECA) utilizando las recomendaciones del manual Cochrane. Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para combinar los resultados de los estudios elegibles. Los resultados agrupados utilizando el modelo de efectos fijos mostraron que las puntuaciones al primer efecto aumentan significativamente después del uso de la intervención de enfermería entre los grupos. Se observó heterogeneidad entre los estudios de post-prueba (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). Los resultados indicaron heterogeneidad significativa en los nueve estudios seleccionados. La prueba de heterogeneidad no mostró homogeneidad entre los estudios de seguimiento (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), pero no hay significación estadística. Conclusión: la evidencia actual sugiere que la intervención de enfermería tiene un efecto positivo en la esperanza en pacientes con cáncer. Sin embargo, se necesitan más ensayos controlados aleatorios de gran escala y de alta calidad para confirmar estos resultados.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of nursing interventions to increase the level of hope in cancer patients, in a meta-analysis. Methods: electronic databases were searched. Two of the authors independently extracted data from the eligible studies, and Stata 13.0 software was used to pool the data. Results: nine randomized controlled trials were included, and methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial (RCT) was evaluated using Cochrane handbook recommendations. A random effects model was used to combine results from eligible studies. The pooled results using the fixed effects model showed that scores to first effects increase significantly after the use of nursing intervention between the groups. Heterogeneity was observed among the studies for posttest (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). The results indicated significant heterogeneity across the nine selected studies. The test for heterogeneity showed no homogeneity among studies for follow-up (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), and there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: the current evidence suggests that nursing intervention has a positive effect on hope in cancer patients. However, more large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la intervención de enfermería para pacientes oncológicos en el nivel de esperanza en un meta análisis. Método: se buscó información en bases de datos electrónicas. Dos de los autores extrajeron de forma independiente los datos de los estudios de elegibilidad, y se utilizó el software Stata 13.0 para agrupar los datos. Resultados: se incluyeron nueve ensayos aleatorios controlados y se evaluó la calidad metodológica del ensayo controlado aleatorizado (ECA) utilizando las recomendaciones del manual Cochrane. Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para combinar los resultados de los estudios elegibles. Los resultados agrupados utilizando el modelo de efectos fijos mostraron que las puntuaciones al primer efecto aumentan significativamente después del uso de la intervención de enfermería entre los grupos. Se observó heterogeneidad entre los estudios de post-prueba (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). Los resultados indicaron heterogeneidad significativa en los nueve estudios seleccionados. La prueba de heterogeneidad no mostró homogeneidad entre los estudios de seguimiento (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), pero no hay significación estadística. Conclusión: la evidencia actual sugiere que la intervención de enfermería tiene un efecto positivo en la esperanza en pacientes con cáncer. Sin embargo, se necesitan más ensayos controlados aleatorios de gran escala y de alta calidad para confirmar estos resultados.

RESUMO Objetivo: meta-análise para avaliar a eficácia da intervenção de enfermagem, no nível de esperança para pacientes com câncer. Método: foram pesquisados bancos de dados eletrônicos. Dois dos autores, de forma independente, extraíram os dados dos estudos elegíveis e os agruparam no software Stata 13.0. Resultado: nove ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos e a qualidade metodológica destes estudos foi avaliada utilizando as recomendações do manual Cochrane. Um modelo de efeito aleatório foi usado para combinar resultados dos estudos elencados. O agrupamento dos resultados por meio de um modelo de efeitos fixos mostrou primeiros escores revelaram um efeito significativamente maior após o uso da intervenção de enfermagem entre os grupos. Foi identificada heterogeneidade entre os estudos para pós-teste (df = 8, p = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). Os resultados indicaram heterogeneidade significativa nos nove estudos selecionados. O teste para heterogeneidade não demonstrou homogeneidade entre os estudos de acompanhamento (df = 8, p = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), mas sem significância estatística. Conclusão: as evidências atuais sugerem que a intervenção de enfermagem tem um efeito positivo no sentimento de esperança em pacientes com câncer. No entanto, são necessários mais ensaios controlados randomizados em maior escala e de alta qualidade para confirmar esses resultados.

Background: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most devastating disease in peanut. Planting resistant peanut cultivars is deemed as the sole economically viable means for effective control of the disease. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying resistance and facilitate breeding process, differences in gene expression between seeds of Rihua 1 (a Virginia type peanut variety resistant to bacterial wilt) inoculated with the bacterial pathogen suspension (10(9) cfu ml-1) and seeds of the same cultivar treated with water (control), were studied using the GenefishingTM technology. Results: A total of 25 differentially expressed genes were isolated. Expression of genes encoding cyclophilin and ADP-ribosylation factor, respectively, were further studied by real time RT-PCR, and full length cDNAs of both genes were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Conclusions: The study provided candidate genes potentially useful for breeding peanut cultivars with both high yield and bacterial wilt resistance, although confirmation of their functions through transgenic studies is still needed.