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BACKGROUND In 2022, an outbreak of mpox that started in European countries spread worldwide through human-to-human transmission. Cases have been mostly mild, but severe clinical presentations have been reported. In these cases, tecovirimat has been the drug of choice to treat patients with aggravated disease. OBJECTIVES Here we investigated the tecovirimat susceptibility of 18 clinical isolates of monkeypox virus (MPXV) obtained from different regions of Brazil. METHODS Different concentrations of tecovirimat were added to cell monolayers infected with each MPXV isolate. After 72 hours, cells were fixed and stained for plaque visualization, counting, and measurement. The ortholog of F13L gene from each MPXV isolate was polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified, sequenced, and the predicted protein sequences were analyzed. FINDINGS The eighteen MPXV isolates generated plaques of different sizes. Although all isolates were highly sensitive to the drug, two showed different response curves and IC50 values. However, the target protein of tecovirimat, F13 (VP37), was 100% conserved in all MPXV isolates and therefore does not explain the difference in sensitivity. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results support screening different MPXV isolates for tecovirimat susceptibility as an important tool to better use of the restricted number of tecovirimat doses available in low-income countries to treat patients with mpox.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230056

Accuracy of a raw saliva-based COVID-19 RT-LAMP diagnostic assay
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Cabral, Kátia Maria dos Santos

; Baptista, Ramon Cid Gismonti

; Castineiras, Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto

; Tanuri, Amilcar

; Carneiro, Fabiana Avila

; Almeida, Marcius da Silva

; Montero-Lomeli, Monica

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2023, Volume 27 N. 4 elocation 102790

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic demanded rapid diagnosis to isolate new COVID-19 cases and prevent disease transmission. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) rapidly became the gold standard for diagnosis. However, due to the high cost and delay of the results, other types of diagnosis were implemented, such as COVID-19 Ag Rapid Tests and Reverse Transcription Technique followed by Loop-Mediated isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP). In this work, we validated the use of RT-LAMP in saliva samples rather than nasopharyngeal swabs, as the collection is more comfortable. First, we selected 5 primer sets based on the limit of detection for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, then validated their sensitivity and specificity in patient samples. A total of 117 samples were analyzed by fluorometric RT-LAMP and compared with qRT-PCR results. Our results show that the use of a high-sensitive primer ORF1-a, together with a low-sensitive primer set Gene E (time to threshold of 22.9 and 36.4 minutes, respectively, using 200 copies of viral RNA), achieved sensitivity in purified RNA from saliva samples of 95.2% (95% CI 76.1-99.8) with 90.5% specificity (95% CI 69.6-98.8) (n = 42).As RNA purification increases the turnaround time, we tested the outcome of RT-LAMP utilizing raw saliva samples without purification. The test achieved a sensitivity of 81.8% (95% CI 59.7-94.8) and a specificity of 90.9% (95% CI 70.8-98.8). As a result, the accuracy of 92.9% (95% CI 80.5-98.5) in purified RNA-saliva samples was lowered to an acceptable level of 86.4% (95% CI 72.6-94.8) in raw saliva. Although mass vaccination has been implemented, new strains and low vaccination progress helped to spread COVID-19. This study shows that it is feasible to track new COVID-19 cases in a large population with the use of raw saliva as sample in RT-LAMP assay which yields accurate results and offers a less invasive test.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2023.102790

Current evidence of neurological features, diagnosis, and neuropathogenesis associated with COVID-19
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Puccioni-Sohler, Marzia

; Poton, André Rodrigues

; Franklin, Milena

; Silva, Samya Jezine da

; Brindeiro, Rodrigo

; Tanuri, Amilcar

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2022, Volume 55 elocation e0534-2021

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0534-2021

Schools reopening and the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study from Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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POZZOBON, ALLAN P. B.

; PETRY, ANA C.

; ZILBERBERG, CARLA

; BARROS, CINTIA M. DE

; NEPOMUCENO-SILVA, JOSÉ L.

; FEITOSA, NATÁLIA M.

; GOMES NETO, LUPIS R.

; RODRIGUES, BRUNO C.

; BRINDEIRO, RODRIGO M.

; NOCCHI, KEITY JAQUELINE C.V.

; MURY, FLAVIA B.

; SOUZA-MENEZES, JACKSON DE

; SILVA, MANUELA L. DA

; MEDEIROS, MARCIO JOSÉ DE

; GESTINARI, RAQUEL S.

; ALVARENGA, ALESSANDRA S. DE

; SILVA, CARINA A.O.

; SANTOS, DANIELE G. DOS

; SILVESTRE, DIEGO HENRIQUE

; SOUSA, GRAZIELE F. DE

; ALMEIDA, JANIMAYRI F. DE

; SILVA, JHENIFER N. DA

; BRANDÃO, LAYZA M.

; DRUMMOND, LEANDRO O.

; CARPES, RAPHAEL M.

; SANTOS, RENATA C. DOS

; PORTAL, TAYNAN M.

; TANURI, AMILCAR

; NUNES-DA-FONSECA, RODRIGO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 elocation e20211361

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Since the first reported case of COVID-19 in Brazil, the public and private educational system started to close. Up to November 2020, scientific discussions about the return of schooling activities have been rarely performed by the national scientific community and police-makers. The great delay of school returning in Brazil contrasts with successful international strategies of school reopening worldwide and seems counterintuitive with the reopening of non-essential activities. Here, important issues to be considered before and during school reopening are reviewed and discussed. COVID-19 testing is essential to avoid disease spreading, but high cost of individual RT-qPCRs impairs an extensive testing strategy for school returning. To reduce costs and increase the speed of diagnosis, we tested the efficiency of a pooled-sample PCR strategy in a cohort of the educational staff in the city of Macaé/RJ, finding five asymptomatic individuals (0,66%) among the 754 people tested. Thus, a polled-sample PCR testing strategy of the educational staff might prevent infection spreading in schools at a reasonable cost. We discuss how our test strategy could be coupled with internationally recognized safety rules to allow for a safe school return and how countries from different world regions are dealing with educational activities during COVID-19 pandemic.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211361

The incidence and geographical spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil based on RT-PCR test results
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Werneck, Guilherme Loureiro

; Porto, Luís Cristóvão

; Sena, Alexandre

; Ferreira Junior, Orlando da Costa

; Cavalcanti, Andrea Cony

; Santos, Ângela Maria Guimarães

; Secco, Danielle Angst

; Silva, Marcio

; Mariani, Diana

; Chieppe, Alexandre

; Tanuri, Amilcar

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2021, Volume 54 elocation e07792020

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION Rio de Janeiro has hardly experienced coronavirus disease. METHODS Here, 87,442 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported among Rio de Janeiro residents (March to September 2020). RESULTS Overall, RT-PCR positivity of 44.6% decreased over time towards 20%. Positivity was greater among males (OR=1.22; 95%CI:1.19-1.26); Black (OR=1.10; 95%CI:1.02-1.19), Brown (OR=1.16; 95%CI:1.10-1.22), and indigenous people (OR=2.11; 95%CI:0.88-5.03) compared to Whites and increased with age; with epidemic spread from the capital to inland regions. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 keeps spreading in Rio de Janeiro, and reopening of activities may fuel the epidemic.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0779-2020 649 downloads

COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-qPCR in alternative specimens
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Gonçalves, Cássia Cristina Alves

; Barroso, Shana Priscila Coutinho

; Herlinger, Alice Laschuk

; Galliez, Rafael de Mello

; de Almeida, Tailah Bernardo

; Boullosa, Lidia Theodoro

; Nascimento, Erica Ramos dos Santos

; de Almeida, Jessica M

; da Costa, Raissa Mirella dos Santos Cunha

; da Paixão, Tatiana Monteiro

; Couceiro, José Nelson dos Santos Silva

; Frauches, Thiago Silva

; de Souza Jr, Wilson Rodrigues

; Costa, Andréa Ribeiro

; Faffe, Débora Souza

; Leitão, Isabela de Carvalho

; da Silva, Bianca Ortiz

; de Lira, Guilherme Sant’Anna

; de Almeida, Isabela Labarba Carvalho

; Ferreira Jr, Orlando da Costa

; Castiñeiras, Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto

; Mariani, Diana

; Tanuri, Amilcar

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2021, Volume 116 elocation e210085

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND The high demand for adequate material for the gold standard reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based diagnosis imposed by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, combined with the inherent contamination risks for healthcare workers during nasopharyngeal swab (NP) sample collection and the discomfort it causes patients, brought the need to identify alternative specimens suitable for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to compare saliva and gingival fluid swabs to NP swabs as specimens for RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. METHODS We compared gingival fluid swabs (n = 158) and saliva (n = 207) to the rayon-tipped NP swabs obtained from mild-symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects as specimens for RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. FINDINGS When compared to NP swabs, gingival fluid swabs had a concordance rate of 15.4% among positive samples, zero among inconclusive, and 100% among negative ones. For saliva samples, the concordance rate was 67.6% among positive samples, 42.9% among inconclusive, and 96.8% among negative ones. However, the concordance rate between saliva and NP swabs was higher (96.9%) within samples with lower cycle threshold (Ct) values (Ct > 10 ≤ 25). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that whereas gingival fluid swabs are not substitutes for NP swabs, saliva might be considered whenever NP swabs are not available or recommended.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760210085 205 downloads

Performance of an alternative RT-PCR procedure using residual sample from the Panbio™ Ag COVID-19 test
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Castineiras, Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto

; Nascimento, Érica Ramos dos Santos

; Faffe, Débora Souza

; Galliez, Rafael Mello

; Mariani, Diana

; Leitão, Isabela de Carvalho

; Melo, Mayla Gabryele Miranda de

; Ferreira, Orlando Costa

; Tanuri, Amilcar

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2021, Volume 25 N. 5 elocation 101630

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the current standard of care (SoC) RT-PCR method for COVID-19, the patient’s swab was extracted in viral transport media (VTM). For the PanbioTM COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test, the patient swab is flushed out in extraction buffer, of which a small fraction is used for testing, leaving more than half the sample unused. This study was designed to show that RT-PCR results from the residual sample of the PanbioTM COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test (called Novel RT-PCR) are not worse than the SoC RT-PCR result. Methods: The study was performed using (1) dilution series of five patient samples, and (2) 413 patient samples comparing SOC versus Novel RT-PCR results. Results: For the dilution series samples, all tested positive by both methods. The bias between Ct values of Novel RT-PCR and SoC RT-PCR did not exceed 3.00 Ct using primers N1 and N2. A total of 413 COVID symptomatic patients seeking COVID testing were tested, of which 89 patients tested positive and 324 tested negative with SoC RT-PCR. In 324 patients who tested negative with SoC RT-PCR, 323 tested negative with Novel RT-PCR, and one (1) tested positive. Out of 89 who tested positive with SoC RT-PCR, 80 tested positive with the Novel RT-PCR, and nine patients showed a negative test result. The Overall Percent Agreement for the 413 valid patient sample pairs was 97.5 [95% CI 97 to 98]. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the performance of the Novel RT-PCR method is acceptable compared to the SoC RT-PCR method and can be a useful tool to perform RTPCR without the need for new swab collections.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101630

Identification and characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 and Human alphaherpesvirus 1 from a productive coinfection in a fatal COVID-19 case
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Herlinger, Alice Laschuk

; Monteiro, Fábio Luís Lima

; D’arc, Mirela

; Moreira, Filipe Romero Rebello

; Westgarth, Harrison James

; Galliez, Rafael Mello

; Mariani, Diana

; da Costa, Luciana Jesus

; de Almeida, Luiz Gonzaga Paula

; Voloch, Carolina Moreira

; Melo, Adriana Suely de Oliveira

; Aguiar, Renato Santana de

; dos Santos, André Felipe Andrade

; Castiñeiras, Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto

; de Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza Ribeiro

; João Filho, Esaú Custódio

; Escosteguy, Claudia Caminha

; Ferreira Junior, Orlando da Costa

; Tanuri, Amilcar

; Higa, Luiza Mendonça

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2021, Volume 116 elocation e210176

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND During routine Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, an unusually high viral load was detected by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in a nasopharyngeal swab sample collected from a patient with respiratory and neurological symptoms who rapidly succumbed to the disease. Therefore we sought to characterise the infection. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine and characterise the etiological agent responsible for the poor outcome. METHODS Classical virological methods, such as plaque assay and plaque reduction neutralisation test combined with amplicon-based sequencing, as well as a viral metagenomic approach, were performed to characterise the etiological agents of the infection. FINDINGS Plaque assay revealed two distinct plaque phenotypes, suggesting either the presence of two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains or a productive coinfection of two different species of virus. Amplicon-based sequencing did not support the presence of any SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants that would explain the high viral load and suggested the presence of a single SARS-CoV-2 strain. Nonetheless, the viral metagenomic analysis revealed that Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae were the predominant virus families within the sample. This finding was confirmed by a plaque reduction neutralisation test and PCR. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We characterised a productive coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in a patient with severe symptoms that succumbed to the disease. Although we cannot establish the causal relationship between the coinfection and the severity of the clinical case, this work serves as a warning for future studies focused on the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 coinfection and COVID-19 severity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760210176

Analytical and clinical performance of molecular assay used by the Brazilian public laboratory network to detect and discriminate Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya viruses in blood
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Ribeiro, Marisa O.

; Godoy, Daniela T.

; Fontana-Maurell, Marcela

; Costa, Elaine M.

; Andrade, Elisabete F.

; Rocha, Daniele R.

; Ferreira, Antônio G.P.

; Brindeiro, Rodrigo

; Tanuri, Amilcar

; Alvarez, Patrícia

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2021, Volume 25 N. 2 elocation 101542

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT In response to the Zika epidemics in Brazil, the ZDC molecular assay (Bio-Manguinhos) was developed and registered at the Brazilian Regulatory Agency of Health Surveillance - ANVISA. The circulation of Zika (ZIKV) Dengue (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses and their clinical similarities are challenges to correctly diagnose these viruses. The simultaneous detection of ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV is an important tool for diagnosis and surveillance. Here, we present the analytical and clinical performance evaluation of ZDC molecular assay (Bio-Manguinhos) at the public health laboratories three years after its registration at ANVISA. The clinical performance demonstrates the ZDC molecular assay (Bio-Manguinhos) has 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity to detect and discriminate ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV from clinical plasma samples. The ZDC molecular assay (Bio-Manguinhos) results were highly reproducible and no cross-reactivity was seen during testing with a panel of other infectious agents. In conclusion, the ZDC molecular assay (Bio-Manguinhos) is an accurate and reliable tool to monitor Zika, dengue and chikungunya infections in countries like Brazil with simultaneous circulation of the three viruses.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101542 90 downloads

10.

Development and validation of a simple and rapid way to generate low volume of plasma to be used in point-of-care HIV virus load technologies
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Vasconcellos, Isabelle

; Mariani, Diana

; Azevedo, Marcelo C.V.M. de

; Ferreira Jr., Orlando C.

; Tanuri, Amilcar

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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feb 2020, Volume 24 N. 1 Pages 30 - 33

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT A new point-of-care HIV viral load, mPIMA HIV-1/2 VL, Abbott, USA, has been recently developed. This point-of-care viral load requires no skilled person to run and uses a small plasma volume (50 µL). However, obtaining 50 µL of plasma can be a challenge in limited resource settings. We validated a simple and easy method to obtain enough amount of plasma to run a point-of-care viral load. The study utilized 149 specimens from patients failing antiretroviral therapy. At least 250 µL of whole blood was collected in a microtube/EDTA from fingerstick (fs-plasma) and immediately centrifuged. Parallel collection of venous blood to obtain plasma (vp-plasma) was used to compare performance in a point-of-care viral load assay and in methodology used in centralized laboratories Abbott M2000, Abbott, USA. The procedure for plasma collection takes less than 10 min and in 94% of the cases only one fingerstick was sufficient to collect at least 250 µL of blood. The Pearson correlation coefficient value for vp-plasma versus fs-plasma ran on mPIMA was 0.990. The Bland-Altman mean difference (md) for this comparison were virtually zero (md = −0.001) with limits of agreement between −0.225 and 0.223. In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficient value for fs-plasma in mPIMA versus vp-plasma in Abbott M2000 was 0.948 for values above the mPIMA limit of quantification (LoQ; from 800 to 1,000,000 copies/mL). These results validate this simple plasma isolation method capable to be implemented in low resource countries where point-of-care decentralization is deeply needed.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2019.10.010 319 downloads

11.

Current evidence of neurological features, diagnosis, and neuropathogenesis associated with COVID-19
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Puccioni-Sohler, Marzia

; Poton, André Rodrigues

; Franklin, Milena

; Silva, Samya Jezine da

; Brindeiro, Rodrigo

; Tanuri, Amilcar

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20200477

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Recent reports indicate that besides respiratory and systemic symptoms among coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients, the disease has a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations (encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, metabolic and acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy, cerebrovascular diseases, Guillain-Barré syndrome, polyneuritis cranialis, dysautonomia, and myopathies). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can spread from the respiratory system to the central nervous system, using transneuronal and hematogenous mechanisms. Although not every COVID-19 patient will test positive for the virus in the cerebrospinal fluid exam, the appearance of neurological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals the importance of understanding the neurologic manifestations and capacity for neural invasion associated with the pathogen. These aspects are relevant for correct diagnosis and treatment, and for the potential development of vaccines. This review highlights the latest evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a focus on neurological involvement and potential neuropathogenesis mechanisms.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0477-2020 3019 downloads

12.

Resistance mutations of NS3 and NS5b in treatment-naïve patients infected with hepatitis C virus in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, Brazil
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Andrade, Elisabete

; Rocha, Daniele

; Fontana-Maurell, Marcela

; Costa, Elaine

; Ribeiro, Marisa

; Godoy, Daniela Tupy de

; Ferreira, Antonio G.P.

; Tanuri, Amilcar

; Brindeiro, Rodrigo

; Alvarez, Patrícia

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2020, Volume 43 N. 1 elocation e20180237

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem. Nowadays, direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are the main treatment for HCV; however, the high level of virus variability leads to the development of resistance-associated variants (RAVs). Thus, assessing RAVs in infected patients is important for monitoring treatment efficacy. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of naturally occurring resistance mutations in HCV NS3 and NS5 regions in treatment-naïve patients. Ninety-six anti-HCV positive serum samples from blood donors at the Center of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Santa Catarina State (HEMOSC) were collected retrospectively in 2013 and evaluated in this study. HCV 1a (37.9%), 1b (25.3%), and 3a (36.8%) subtypes were found. The frequency of patients with RAVs in our study was 6.9%. The HCV NS5b sequencing reveled 1 sample with L320F mutation and 4 samples with the C316N/R polymorphism. The analysis of the NS3 region revealed the D168A/G/T (3.45%), S122G (1.15%), and V55A (2.3%) mutations. All samples from genotype 3a (36.8%) presented the V170 I/V non-synonymous mutation. In conclusion, we have shown that mutations in NS3 and NS5b genes are present in Brazilian isolates from therapy-naïve HCV patients.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0237 903 downloads

13.

Avaliação de dois testes sorológicos comerciais para diagnóstico das infecções pelo FIV e pelo FeLV
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Medeiros, S.O.

; Silva, B.J.A.

; Carneiro, A.L.

; Ferreira Júnior, O.C.

; Tanuri, A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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apr 2019, Volume 71 N. 2 Pages 447 - 454

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO FIV e FeLV são retrovírus associados principalmente com neoplasias. Dois testes rápidos são disponibilizados no Brasil para o diagnóstico dessas infecções: um kit de imunocromatografia de fluxo bidirecional (SNAP® Combo IDEXX) e um kit de imunocromatografia de fluxo lateral unidirecional (ALERE/BIONOTE Anigen Rapid). O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o teste SNAP® com o teste ALERE. Amostras de sangue de 178 gatos foram testadas utilizando-se ambos os kits. A reação em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) foi empregada como método confirmatório para todos os resultados. O teste SNAP® apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade de 100% para FIV; a sensibilidade e a especificidade do teste ALERE foram de 96,15% e 98,68%, respectivamente. A sensibilidade e a especificidade para o FeLV foram de 93,02% e 96,30% para o teste SNAP® e de 90,70% e 97,78% para o teste ALERE. Ainda em relação ao FeLV, três amostras com resultado positivo na qPCR obtiveram resultado falso-negativo em ambos os testes. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os métodos. Considerando a qPCR como padrão-ouro, o teste SNAP® apresentou maior sensibilidade e especificidade para o FIV, e o teste ALERE apresentou maior especificidade para o FeLV. Os resultados mostraram uma boa correlação entre os testes.

ABSTRACT FIV and FeLV are Retrovirus associated mainly with feline neoplasms. Two point-of-care tests are commercially available in Brazil for diagnosis of these infections: a bidirectional flow immunochromatography kit (IDEXX SNAP ® Combo) and a lateral unidirectional flow immunochromatography kit (ALERE/BIONOTE Anigen Rapid). The aim of this study was to compare SNAP ® and ALERE tests. Blood samples obtained from 178 cats were evaluated using both tests. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used as confirmatory test for all samples. The sensitivity and specificity of SNAP ® test was 100% for FIV, and for ALERE test was 96.15% and 98.68%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for FeLV was 93.02% and 96.30% for SNAP ® test and 90.70% and 97.78% for ALERE test. Three samples with a qPCR positive result for FeLV obtained a false negative result in both SNAP ® and ALERE tests. There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. Considering qPCR as gold standard method, the SNAP® test showed higher sensitivity and specificity for FIV, and the ALERE test presented higher specificity for FeLV. The results showed good agreement among the tests.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10111 26395 downloads

14.

Association between MBL2 haplotypes and dengue severity in children from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ornelas, Alice Maria de Magalhães

; Xavier-de-Carvalho, Caroline

; Alvarado-Arnez, Lucia Elena

; Ribeiro-Alves, Marcelo

; Rossi, Átila Duque

; Tanuri, Amilcar

; de Aguiar, Renato Santana

; Moraes, Milton Ozório

; Cardoso, Cynthia Chester

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2019, Volume 114 elocation e190004

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease with a majority of asymptomatic individuals and clinical manifestations varying from mild fever to severe and potentially lethal forms. An increasing number of genetic studies have outlined the association between host genetic variations and dengue severity. Genes associated to viral recognition and entry, as well as those encoding mediators of the immune response against infection are strong candidates for association studies. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MBL2, CLEC5A, ITGB3 and CCR5 genes and dengue severity in children. METHODS A matched case-control study was conducted and 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated. FINDINGS No associations were observed in single SNP analysis. However, when MBL2 SNPs were combined in haplotypes, the allele rs7095891G/rs1800450C/ rs1800451C/rs4935047A/rs930509G/rs2120131G/rs2099902C was significantly associated to risk of severe dengue under α = 0.05 (aOR = 4.02; p = 0.02). A second haplotype carrying rs4935047G and rs7095891G alleles was also associated to risk (aOR = 1.91; p = 0.04). MAIN CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the association between MBL2 haplotypes and dengue severity in Brazilians including adjustment for genetic ancestry. These results reinforce the role of mannose binding lectin in immune response to DENV.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760190004 1028 downloads

15.

Detection of sexually transmitted infections at a Brazilian gynecology center: high prevalence of co-infections
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Britto, Alan Messala A.

; Policarpo, Cíntia

; Pezzuto, Paula

; Meirelles, Angela Rosa I.

; Furtado, Yara Lúcia

; Almeida, Gutemberg

; Oliveira, Gisele de

; Pontes, Elisama D.

; Lima, Fernanda Roberta S.

; Soares, Marcelo A.

; Aguiar, Renato S.

; Tanuri, Amilcar

; Giannini, Ana Lúcia

; Machado, Elizabeth S.

Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial

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dec 2018, Volume 54 N. 6 Pages 393 - 400

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) ainda são um importante problema de saúde pública, e a vigilância é essencial para sua prevenção e seu controle. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência das ISTs em uma unidade de referência ginecológica no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado entre agosto de 2016 e junho de 2017. Foram coletados sangue total e células cervicais de 62 mulheres e realizados testes para detecção de papiloma vírus humano (HPV), vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), sífilis, clamídia, gonorreia e vírus do herpes simples 1 e 2 (HSV-1/2). As lesões cervicais foram diagnosticadas por citopatologia, e em algumas pacientes, por colposcopia (79%). Outras ISTs foram avaliadas durante o exame clínico. Resultados: Foram encontradas lesões cervicais pelo exame citopatológico em 46,8% das pacientes; aquelas com história de quatro parceiros sexuais tiveram mais risco de desenvolvê-las. Houve concordância moderada entre os resultados da citopatologia e colposcopia (Kappa = 0,69). A prevalência de HSV (96,7%), sífilis (6,4%) e HIV (3,2%) foi maior que a descrita na literatura, enquanto a prevalência de clamídia (6,4%) e gonorreia (1,6%) foi similar. O HPV foi detectado em 53,2% das mulheres, sendo 32,3% delas infectadas pelo HPV 16. No contexto das coinfecções, 38 mulheres (61,3%) tinham mais de uma IST. Conclusão: Visto que a maioria das mulheres analisadas era acometida por mais de uma IST, nossos resultados sugerem que uma triagem rotineira dessas infecções nas unidades de saúde poderia auxiliar na detecção precoce, bem como no tratamento e na prevenção. Essas medidas também impactariam no controle do câncer cervical das pacientes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) remain a major public health problem and surveillance is crucial for prevention and control strategies. Objective: Our aim was to assess the prevalence of STI in a reference center for gynecology in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted between August 2016 and June 2017. Whole blood and cervical cells were collected from 62 women and tested for human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea and herpes simples virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2). Cervical lesions were diagnosed by cytopathology and in some patients by colposcopy (79%). Other STI were evaluated during clinical examination. Results: Cervical lesions were detected by cytopathology examinations in 46.8% of patients; those with a history of four sexual partners were at higher risk of developing them. There was moderate agreement between the cytopathology e colposcopy results (Kappa = 0.69). The prevalence of HSV (96.7%), syphilis (6.4%) and HIV (3.2%) were higher than that described in the literature, while the prevalence of chlamydia (6.4%) and gonorrhea (1.6%) were similar. HPV was detected in 53.2% of women, 32.3% of which were infected by HPV 16. In the context of co-infections, 38 women (61.3%) presented more than one STI. Conclusion: Since most of the women analyzed were affected by more than one STI, our results suggest that routine screening for these infections at health centers would help in early detection, treatment and prevention of these infections. These measures would also impact on patients’ cervical cancer control.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20180060 2050 downloads

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