ABSTRACT The Caatinga biome in Brazil comprises the largest and most continuous expanse of the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) worldwide; nevertheless, it is among the most threatened and least studied, despite its ecological and biogeographical importance. The spatial distribution of volumetric wood stocks in the Caatinga and the relationship with environmental factors remain unknown. Therefore, this study intends to quantify and analyze the spatial distribution of wood volume as a function of environmental variables in Caatinga vegetation in Bahia State, Brazil. Volumetric estimates were obtained at the plot and fragment level. The multiple linear regression techniques were adopted, using environmental variables in the area as predictors. Spatial modeling was performed using the geostatistical kriging approach with the model residuals. The model developed presented a reasonable fit for the volume m3 ha with r2 of 0.54 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 10.9 m3 ha–1. The kriging of ordinary residuals suggested low error estimates in unsampled locations and balance in the under and overestimates of the model. The regression kriging approach provided greater detailing of the global wood volume stock map, yielding volume estimates that ranged from 0.01 to 109 m3 ha–1. Elevation, mean annual temperature, and precipitation of the driest month are strong environmental predictors for volume estimation. This information is necessary to development action plans for sustainable management and use of the Caatinga SDTF in Bahia State, Brazil.

Abstract In Brazil, the White-backed Stilt Himantopus melanurus is distributed in the midwest, south and southeast but breeding information is scarce. In this study, species breeding information in the country was compiled from online platform (WikiAves, eBird) and literature. A case study describing nests and egg biometry were reported in Restinga of Jurubatiba National Park (RJNP), on the north cost of Rio de Janeiro state, as well potential threats to the species. Sampling was carried out in September and December 2018, monthly in 2019 and between January to March and September to December in 2020. Overall, 70 breeding records were compiled, between 1997 and November 2021, being 64 from WikiAves in all regions of Brazil, four records from eBird in São Paulo state (in 2021) and two records in literature (one from São Paulo state, in 2007 and one from Rio de Janeiro in 2012). In RJNP, 44 nests were identified being 34 active, with an average of 3.5 eggs per nest, and overall 118 eggs were measured. The main materials used to build the nests were the saltmarsh plant and mud. Around 60% of nests were degraded or predated. Predation was the main cause of egg loss. Successful nests (with chicks or hatching signs) represented 26% of the total nests monitored. This study reports the first information on the biometry of the species’ eggs and nests, confirming the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro state as a nesting area for the species.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de 19 porta-enxertos clonais sobre o crescimento vegetativo e os teores de nutrientes nas folhas dos pessegueiros (Prunus persica) 'BRS Kampai' e 'BRS Rubimel'. No período de 2014 a 2018, foram realizados dois ensaios em campo, nos municípios de Jarinu e Jundiaí, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliadas as cultivares BRS Kampai e BRS Rubimel enxertadas em 19 porta-enxertos clonais, além de suas copas autoenraizadas, em Jarinu e Jundiaí, respectivamente. Em Jarinu, os porta-enxertos Barrier, Cadaman, 'Capdeboscq', Flordaguard, GxN9, I-67-52-4, 'Okinawa', México Fila-1, Nemared, Tsukuba-2 e Tsukuba-3, além da copa autoenraizada, apresentaram melhor desempenho para crescimento vegetativo e teores de nutrientes nas folhas. Em Jundiaí, todos os genótipos, exceto Marianna 2624 e Mirabolano 29C, não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas quanto ao crescimento vegetativo. O desempenho de 'BRS Kampai' e 'BRS Rubimel' autoenraizadas é similar ao dos porta-enxertos tradicionais, como 'Okinawa'. Assim, as cultivares-copa avaliadas podem ser consideradas alternativa interessante para locais com condições bióticas e abióticas de solo adequadas.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 19 clonal rootstocks on the vegetative growth and foliar nutrient contents of the 'BRS Kampai' and 'BRS Rubimel' peach (Prunus persica) trees. In the period of 2014 to 2018, two field trials were carried out in the municipalities of Jarinu and Jundiaí, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The BRS Kampai and BRS Rubimel cultivars, budded on 19 clonal rootstocks, besides their own-rooted scions, were evaluated in Jarinu and Jundiaí, respectively. In Jarinu, the Barrier, Cadaman, 'Capdeboscq', Flordaguard, GxN9, I-67-52-4, 'Okinawa', México Fila-1, Nemared, Tsukuba-2, and Tsukuba-3 rootstocks, as well as the own-rooted scion, showed the best performance for vegetative growth and foliar nutrient contents. In Jundiaí, all genotypes, except Marianna 2624 and Mirabolano 29C, did not show any statistical difference regarding vegetative growth. The performance of own-rooted 'BRS Kampai' and 'BRS Rubimel' is similar to that of traditional rootstocks, such as 'Okinawa'. Therefore, the evaluated scion cultivars may be an interesting alternative for sites with suitable biotic and abiotic soil conditions.

Abstract The Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) is a seabird distributed in almost all South American countries. However, breeding information on the species in Brazil is scarce. In this study, a literature review and searches in online databases (WikiAves and eBird) were carried out to gather breeding information on the species in the country and new records of nests of the Gray-hooded Gull were registered on the northern coast of the Rio de Janeiro state. Literature review indicated breeding records in Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Norte states. On WikiAves, 19 records of the species with nests, eggs, chicks and breeding colonies were reported between 2009 and 2020, in Macau, Rio Grande do Norte and one adult hatching at Rio Grande do Sul. In August 2019, two nests were recorded at Ubatuba lagoon (22°09′S and 41°18′W) in the Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, in the Quissamã municipality in Rio de Janeiro. The nests were described and monitored during five weeks. Each nest contained two eggs and was built with the grass Paspalum vaginatum. Over time, the eggs were degraded and disappeared from the nests, without signs of hatching and possible predation. This study compiles for the first time all the breeding information on the species in Brazil and contributes with data about nests and egg biometry.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Brazilian opportunistic screening programs for cervical cancer have limited impact. In the regions of two cities (Campinas and Curitiba) with high human development indices, consistent information from 96-97% of all cervical cancer cases managed within the public healthcare system is available. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rate (IR) and temporal trends in these regions, covering 2001-2012. DESIGN AND SETTING: A population-based cohort study was conducted under the assumption that all cervical cancer cases were managed in cancer referral center hospitals. METHODS: 3,364 records (1,646 from Campinas; 1,718 from Curitiba) were analyzed to provide estimates of IR, age-standardized IR (ASR) and cervical cancer trends (shown per 100,000 women/year). Longitudinal patterns were analyzed using linear regression and shown as annual percentage change (APC); P < 0.05 for significance. RESULTS: Annual IR and ASR estimates for cervical cancer ranged from 3.8 to 8.0 over 2001-2012, decreasing over more recent years, and were similar for the two regions. The age-specific IR was about 50% lower among women aged 45 years or older (IR-2001/IR-2012: Campinas = 14.8/8.0; Curitiba = 18.7/8.3; P < 0.001). There was an increasing APC trend in Campinas among women aged 15-24 years, and a decreasing IR trend for squamous-cell histology in both regions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cervical cancer incidence estimates showed slowly decreasing trends in both regions, most evidently for women aged 45 years or older and for squamous-cell histology. These findings reflect the opportunistic nature of the population screening program, despite the comparatively high economic development level in the two regions.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento docente é uma necessidade nas escolas para adequar o ensino médico às intensas e contínuas transformações do mundo e da sociedade contemporânea. Iniciativas de desenvolvimento docente precisam avançar para além de cursos de capacitação, evoluindo para comunidades de prática. Com o intuito de incorporar princípios da educação médica ao cotidiano do professor, em diversos níveis, desde o planejamento até a avaliação dos processos de ensino, entendemos que ambientes informais também podem constituir espaços para o desenvolvimento da docência. Assim, a Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, da Universidade Estadual Paulista, criou o “café com educação médica”, uma reunião matinal quinzenal para discussão de aportes teóricos para subsidiar as ações de pesquisa e prática do Núcleo de Apoio Pedagógico. A reunião tem configuração semelhante à dos clubes de revista tradicionais no ensino de graduação e residência médica, mas com particularidades voltadas à educação em saúde. O êxito da experiência se deve à possibilidade de ocorrer desenvolvimento docente em contexto acolhedor e informal. Tendo em vista os relatos de transformação da prática docente motivados por iniciativas semelhantes ao redor do mundo e observando como nossa experiência tem sido oportuna, encorajamos as escolas médicas brasileiras a compartilharem também seus clubes de revista em educação médica e os resultados com eles obtidos.

ABSTRACT Faculty development is needed if medical schools are to adapt to the intense and constant changes taking place in the world, and in society. Initiatives for faculty development should go beyond workshops, evolving into communities of practice. To incorporate the principles of medical education into all levels of the curriculum, from planning through to assessment, the assimilation of faculty development is needed, including in informal scenarios. To this end, Botucatu School of Medicine of the Universidade Estadual Paulista created “medical education with coffee”, a morning meeting that is held twice a month to discuss theoretical approaches to medical education that supports the practices and research of the institutional center for educational support. The meetings are similar to the traditional journal clubs for undergraduate and residency programs, except that they are specially geared towards medical education. The success of these meetings lies in their capacity to develop faculty, in a cozy and informal environment. Based on reports of improvements in teaching practices around the world due to similar initiatives, we encourage other Brazilian medical schools to adopt of medical education journal clubs, and to share their results.

Resumo Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as diferentes percepções expressas em redações por alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio sobre a Física escolar. Trabalhou-se com o contraste entre dois tipos de produção escrita. Numa delas os alunos escreveram sobre o tema Leis de Newton fora do contexto abordado pela Física escolar; já na outra o tema foi a própria relação dos alunos com a disciplina ao longo dos três anos do Ensino Médio. Entendendo que os textos analisados estão imersos em um contexto específico, utilizou-se o referencial sociocultural e a teoria da enunciação bakhtiniana para orientar as análises. Os resultados indicam o posicionamento fortemente negativo dos estudantes com relação à Física escolar, além da imagem de ciência ingênua e idealizada por eles sustentada. O estudo aponta, no entanto, para o uso de estratégias discursivas em aulas de Física como um exemplo promissor para a reversão desse quadro. Conclui-se com uma reflexão sobre os objetivos estabelecidos para a alfabetização científica.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the different perceptions of school Physics expressed in essays written by high school seniors. The data includes two types of written production. In the first type, students wrote about Newton's Laws outside of the context of the school's syllabus. In the second, the theme was the relationship between the students and Physics as a school subject. Understanding that the essays in question were written under a specific context, socio-cultural referential and the bakhtinian theory of language were used to direct the analysis. The results indicate the overly negative position of the students in relation to school Physics, as well as their perception of this science as naïve and idealized. However, the study suggests the use of discursive strategies as a promising example of the inversion of student's negative positioning toward Physics. As a conclusion, the study offers a reflection on the objectives presented to scientific literacy.

Abstract The development of molecular markers is essential for improvement of soybean cultivars with modified fatty acid content. The objective of this study was to identify and validate SNP markers in candidate genes for fatty acid content in soybean. Six candidate genes (ARAF, PDAT, ABI3, FAD2-1b, FAD3B, and FAD3C) were selected. Alignment of gene sequences identified 25 SNPs and 3 INDELs. TSP primers were used to identify SNP alleles. 259 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) (FA22 / CD219) and 185 F2 progenies (A29 / Tucunaré) were tested for association of SNPs. An SNP for FAD3B was associated with variation in content of linoleic acid (R2 = 5.84%) and linolenic acid (R2 = 6.79%). In FAD3C, an SNP was associated with linoleic and linolenic acids (R2 of 9.21% and 18.51%, respectively). The ABI3 gene was associated with palmitic acid, with R2 = 5.41%. The SNP markers identified will be used in assisted selection for improvement of fatty acid content.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as tendências temporais e padrão de diagnóstico de câncer de colo de útero (CCU) através de programa de rastreamento oportunístico em duas regiões brasileiras desenvolvidas, no período de 2001 a 2012. Métodos Estudo observacional com 3.364 registros de câncer (n = 1.646 da região de Campinas e n = 1.718 da região de Curitiba) obtidos de sistemas de registro hospitalar de câncer. Para a região de Campinas foram analisados 1.836 registros adicionais de CIN3/AIS. A análise estatística avaliou os dados agrupados e por região considerando o ano de diagnóstico, grupo etário, estágio de câncer e tipo histológico, e utilizou o teste de tendência Cochran-Armitage com valor p < 0,05. Resultados O total anual de CCU registrado no período de 2001 a 2012 apresentou uma ligeira queda (273 para 244), comidade média de 49,5 anos, 13 amais que a idade média (36,8 anos) para CIN3/AIS. O total de diagnósticos realizados fora da faixa etária oficial de rastreamento foi 20,6% (1,6% abaixo de 25 anos). Houve uma tendência de aumento de casos nas faixas etárias inferior a 25 anos (p = 0,007) e de 25 a 44 anos (p = 0,003) para a região de Campinas. Ambas as regiões apresentaram maior proporção diagnósticos de câncer em estágio III (43% em média), sem modificação de tendência. Houve tendência crescente para diagnóstico em estágio I na região de Campinas (p = 0,033) e da proporção de tipos histológicos glandulares em ambas regiões (p = 0,002), 21,1% para a região de Campinas e 12,5% para Curitiba. Conclusão O número, o padrão e as tendências dos casos registrados de câncer de colo de útero apresentaram modificações pequenas e lentas ao longo do tempo, reflexo da efetividade limitada do programa de rastreio oportunista, mesmo em locais desenvolvidos.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to assess the time trends and pattern of cervical cancer diagnosed in the period from 2001 to 2012 by means of an opportunistic screening program from two developed regions in Brazil. Methods An observational study analyzing 3,364 cancer records (n = 1,646 from Campinas and n = 1,718 from Curitiba region) available in hospital-based cancer registries was done. An additional 1,836 records of CIN3/AIS from the region of Campinas was analyzed. The statistical analysis assessed the pooled data and the data by region considering the year of diagnosis, age-group, cancer stage, and histologic type. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was applied and p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results The total annual cervical cancer registered from2001 to 2012 showed a slight drop (273-244), with an age average of 49.5 y, 13 years over the average for CIN3/AIS (36.8 y). A total of 20.6% of the diagnoses (1.6% under 25 y) were done out of the official screening age-range. The biennial rate of diagnoses by age group for the region of Campinas showed an increase trend for the age groups under 25 y (p = 0.007) and 25 to 44 y (p = 0.003). Stage III was the most recorded for both regions, with an annual average of 43%, without any trend modification. There was an increasing trend for stage I diagnoses in the region of Campinas (p = 0.033). The proportion of glandular histologic types registered had an increased trend over time (p = 0.002), higher for the region of Campinas (21.1% versus 12.5% for the region of Curitiba). Conclusion The number, pattern and trends of cervical cancer cases registered had mild and slow modifications and reflect the limited effectivity of the opportunistic screening program, even in developed places.

ABSTRACT Soybeans contain about 30% carbohydrate, mainly consisting of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and oligosaccharides. NSP are not hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals. These NSP negatively affect the development of these animals, especially the soluble fraction. This work aimed to establish a method to quantify NSP in soybeans, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and to estimate correlations between NSP, oligosaccharides, protein and oil. Sucrose, raffinose + stachyose, soluble and insoluble NSP contents were determined by HPLC. Oil and protein contents were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The soluble PNAs content showed no significant correlation with protein, oil, sucrose and raffinose + stachyose contents, but oligosaccharides showed a negative correlation with protein content. These findings open up the possibility of developing cultivars with low soluble NSP content, aiming to develop feed for monogastric animals.

ABSTRACTSoil CO2 emissions (fCO2) in agricultural areas have been widely studied in global climate change research, but its characterization and quantification are restricted to small areas. Because spatial and time variability affect emissions, tools need to be developed to predict fCO2 for large areas. This study aimed to investigate soil magnetic susceptibility (MS) and its correlation with fCO2 in an agricultural environment. The experiment was carried out on a Typic Eutrudox located in Guariba-SP, Brazil. Results showed that there was negative spatial correlation between fCO2 and the magnetic susceptibility of Air Dried Soil (MSADS) up to 34.3 m distant. However, the fCO2 had no significant correlation with MSADS, magnetic susceptibility of sand (MSSAND) nor clay (MSCLAY). However, MSADS could be a supplemental mean of identifying regions of high fCO2 potential over large areas.

O preparo mecânico do solo é uma das práticas agrícolas que contribuem para o aumento da perda de carbono via emissão de CO2 do solo (FCO2). Com este trabalho objetivou-se investigar o efeito de três sistemas de preparo do solo na FCO2, temperatura e umidade do solo em área de reforma da cultura de cana-de-açúcar. A área experimental foi constituída de três parcelas, cada uma recebendo um dos preparos do solo: preparo convencional (PC), subsolagem convencional (SC) e subsolagem localizada (SL). A FCO2, temperatura e a umidade do solo foram avaliadas durante o período total de 17 dias. A FCO2 foi maior no preparo PC (0,75 g CO2 m-2 h-1). A temperatura do solo não diferiu (p > 0,05) entre as subsolagens: SL (26,2 ºC) e SC (25,9 ºC). A umidade do solo foi maior na SL (24%), seguida pela SC (21,8%) e preparo PC (18,3%). Apenas no preparo PC foi observada correlação significativa (r = –0,71; p < 0,05) entre FCO2 e a temperatura do solo. O preparo PC apresentou emissão total (2.864,3 kg CO2 ha-1), superior às emissões nas subsolagens: SC (1.970,9 kg CO2 ha-1) e SL (1.707,7 kg CO2 ha-1). A conversão do sistema de preparo PC para a SL diminuiu as emissões de CO2 do solo, reduzindo a contribuição da agricultura para o aumento dos gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera.

Soil tillage is one of the agricultural practices that may contribute to increase the loss of carbon through emission of CO2 (FCO2). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three soil tillage systems on FCO2, soil temperature and soil moisture in a sugarcane area under reform. The experimental area consisted of three tillage plots: conventional tillage (CT), conventional subsoiling (CS), and localized subsoiling (LS). FCO2, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured over a period of 17 days. FCO2 showed the highest value in CT (0.75 g CO2 m-2 h-1). Soil temperature presented no significant difference (p > 0.05) between LS (26.2 °C) and CS (25.9 °C). Soil moisture was higher in LS (24%), followed by CS (21.8%) and CT (18.3%). A significant correlation (r= ‒0.71; p < 0.05) between FCO2 and soil temperature was observed only in CT. The conventional tillage presented a total emission (2,864.3 kg CO2 ha-1) higher than the emissions observed in CS (1,970.9 kg CO2 ha-1) and LS (1,707.7 kg CO2 ha-1). The conversion from CT to LS decreased soil CO2 emissions, reducing the contribution of agriculture in increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Soil CO2 emission (FCO2) is one of the main sources of carbon release into the atmosphere. Moreover, FCO2 is related to soil attributes governing the transfer of gases from soil to the atmosphere. This study aimed firstly to describe the spatial variability of hematite (Hm), goethite (Gt), iron extracted with sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (Fed) contents, soil CO2 emission (FCO2) and free-water porosity (FWP) and secondly, to develop statistical models to predict the above mentioned factors in an Oxisol cultivated under manual harvesting of sugarcane (Saccharumspp.) in southeastern Brazil. The study was conducted on an irregular 50 m × 50 m grid containing 89 points, each 0.5-10 m apart. The 0-0.1 m soil layer at each sampling point was used to assess soil FCO2, moisture and total pore volume. The results were subjected to descriptive statistical and geostatistical analyses using auto- and cross-semivariograms. All soil attributes exhibited a spatial dependence structure and the experimental semivariograms fitted spherical and exponential models. The Gt content was the individual attribute that exhibited the highest linear and spatial correlation, especially with FCO2. We were able to use diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to map large areas, which allows for easy identification and estimation of soil attributes such as FCO2 and FWP. Geostatistical techniques faciltate the interpretation of spatial relationships between soil respiration and the examined properties.

A emissão de CO2 do solo (FCO2) em áreas agrícolas é resultante da interação de diversos fatores, sendo alterada pela prática de manejos do solo e da cultura, além das condições edafoclimáticas locais. Neste estudo, objetivou-se quantificar a FCO2 em função da calagem e posição da aplicação (antiga linha e entrelinha) da cultura da laranja em área de conversão para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar, no município de Frutal-MG. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: Linha/CC (linha com aplicação de calcário); Entrelinha/CC (entrelinha com aplicação de calcário); Linha/SC (linha sem aplicação de calcário), e Entrelinha/SC (entrelinha sem aplicação de calcário). FCO2, temperatura do solo (Ts) e umidade do solo (Us) foram avaliadas durante 12 dias. O maior valor médio da FCO2 ao longo do período de estudo foi observado no tratamento Linha/CC (9,63 µmol m-2 s-1); e o menor, no tratamento Entrelinha/CC (5,92 µmol m-2 s-1), segundo teste de Tukey. A FCO2 foi negativamente correlacionada à Us na Linha/CC (r = - 0,56; p < 0,05) e na Linha/SC (r = - 0,66; p < 0,05). Entre a FCO2 e a Ts, verificou-se correlação positiva e significativa na Linha/CC (r = 0,76; p < 0,001), na Linha/SC (r = 0,89; p < 0,001) e na Entrelinha/SC (r = 0,66; p < 0,05). Observou-se que a calagem e a posição de aplicação (linha e entrelinha) influenciaram nas emissões de CO2 do solo.

The soil CO2 emission (FCO2) in agricultural areas is resulting from the interaction of several factors, as amended by the practice of soil management practices and crop, in addition to the local edaphoclimatic conditions. In this study, we aimed to quantify FCO2 influenced by liming and application position (row and interrow old) of the orange crop in conversion area for cultivation of sugar cane in the municipality of Frutal-MG. The treatments evaluated were: Row/CC (row with lime application), Interrow/CC (interrow with application of lime), Row/SC (row without liming) and Interrow/SC (interrow without liming). FCO2, temperature (Ts) and soil moisture (Us) were evaluated over 12 days. The highest average value of FCO2 over the study period was observed in the treatment Row/CC (9.63 µmol m-2 s-1) and the lowest in Interrow/CC (5.92 µmol m-2 s-1) according to the Tukey test. The FCO2 was negatively correlated with Us in Row/CC (r = - 0.56, p < 0.05) and in Row/SC (r = - 0.66, p < 0.05). It was also observed a significant and positive correlation between FCO2 and Ts in Row/CC (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), Row/SC (r = 0.89, p < 0.001) and in Interrow/SC (r = 0.66, p < 0.05). It was observed that liming and position of application (row and interrow) influenced the soil CO2 emissions.