Abstract Background: Defects in DNA methylation have been shown to be associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. To analyze the methylation profile of the ADRB3 gene and correlate it with lipid profile, lipid intake, and oxidative stress based on malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), homocysteine and folic acid levels, nutritional status, lifestyle, and socioeconomic variables in an adult population. A cross-sectional epidemiological study representative of the East and West regions of the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil, enrolled 265 adults of both genders. Demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic questionnaires and a 24-h recall questionnaire were applied by trained interviewers' home. Nutritional and biochemical evaluation (DNA methylation, lipid profile, MDA, TAC, homocysteine and folic acid levels) was performed. Results: DNA hypermethylation of the ADRB3 gene, analyzed in leukocytes, was present in 50% of subjects and was associated with a higher risk of being overweight (OR 3.28; p = 0.008) or obese (OR 3.06; p = 0.017), a higher waist–hip ratio in males (OR 1.17; p = 0.000), greater intake of trans fats (OR 1.94; p = 0.032), higher LDL (OR 2.64; p = 0.003) and triglycerides (OR 1.81; p = 0.031), and higher folic acid levels (OR 1.85; p = 0.022). Conclusions: These results suggest that epigenetic changes in the ADRB3 gene locus may explain the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases associated with trans-fat intake, altered lipid profile, and elevated folic acid. Because of its persistence, DNA methylation may have an impact in adults, in association with the development of non-communicable diseases. This study is the first population-based study of the ADRB3 gene, and the data further support evaluation of ADRB3 DNA methylation as an effective biomarker.

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar as principais causas e situações de risco mais comuns relacionadas aos acidentes na infância, em nossa realidade local. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo e analítico, a partir dos prontuários médicos de pacientes atendidos nos serviços de urgências pediátricas do complexo hospitalar do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, no ano de 2016. Foram incluídos os atendimentos de pacientes de zero a 15 anos de idade que haviam recebido atendimento médico relacionado a acidentes, determinando-se idade, sexo, tipo de acidente, período do dia e ambiente onde aconteceu o acidente e histórico de acidentes pregressos. Resultados: do total de atendimentos com registros adequados no prontuário, 936 (27,5%) estavam relacionados a acidentes: 588 (62,8%) em pacientes do sexo masculino e 348 (37,2%) em pacientes do sexo feminino. Quanto à idade, 490 (52,3%) acidentes ocorreram com crianças de zero a cinco anos, 245 (26,2%) com crianças de seis a dez anos e 201 (21,5%) com crianças com mais de dez anos de idade. Quedas e traumas locais foram os tipos de acidentes mais comuns em todas as faixas etárias analisadas. A maior parte dos acidentes ocorreu à tarde (46,1%), em casa (60,7%), e 26,6% dos pacientes apresentavam antecedentes de acidentes prévios. Conclusão: os acidentes foram responsáveis por grande parcela dos atendimentos de urgência. A elevada taxa de pacientes com registros de acidentes prévios indica a exposição repetida destas crianças às situações de risco.

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the main causes and most common risk situations related to childhood accidents, in our local reality. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study from the medical records of patients attended in the pediatric emergency services of the hospital complex of Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, in 2016. We included patients from zero to 15 years old who had received medical care related to accidents, determining age, gender, type of accident, period of the day, accident place, and history of previous accidents. Results: considering all consultations with appropriate medical records, 936 (27.5%) were related to accidents: 588 (62.8%) in male patients and 348 (37.2%) in female patients. As to age, 490 (52.3%) happened with children from zero to five years, 245 (26.2%) with children from six to ten years, and 201 (21.5%) with children over ten years. Falls and local traumas were the most common types of accidents in all analyzed age groups. Most accidents occurred in the afternoon (46.1%), at home (60.7%), and 26.6% of the patients had a history of previous accidents. Conclusion: accidents were responsible for a large portion of urgent care. The high rate of patients with previous accident records indicated the repeated exposure of these children to risk situations.

ABSTRACT With the rise of restrictions imposed by law for gases emission, several technologies both for petrodiesel (PD) or diesel engines are been applied, such as the sulfur reduction and the injection electronic command, followed of gases recirculation and/or after-treatment. The utilization of biofuels is considered as an interesting option for pollutants reduction. In this study was evaluated the performance on short duration tests (minor period than the factory indication of the lubricant lifespan) of the Diesel engine fueled with four vegetable oils. With the aim to select the most interesting oils for future evaluations in long duration tests. The analyzed variables were fuel consumption, power relative loss and opacity, for oils of linseed, crambe, rapseed, jatropha , with 100 °C preheating and engine work temperature (60 °C) comparing those with the PD. It was verified that the vegetable oils, on average, present a lower consumption than the PD for the cases of working without load, however with load, they presented higher consumption. In addiction were observed that the oils show a higher relative power loss in relation of PD and provides lower emission of particulate matter. Crambe and canola presented the best performance among the evaluated oils.

Resumo Este artigo, de caráter exploratório, investiga se a presença de uma Controladoria-Geral na estrutura organizacional dos municípios brasileiros tem surtido efeito quanto à promoção da transparência municipal e ao monitoramento da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI). Parte de uma amostra de 34 Controladorias-Gerais de Municípios (CGM), identificada a partir de ferramenta de busca virtual. Pressupondo que municípios com controladorias já estariam adaptados aos requisitos da LAI, este artigo apresenta uma avaliação das solicitações e das respostas a pedidos formais de informação a esses órgãos. Na avaliação da transparência passiva, foram identificados quatro estágios diferenciados de estruturação das prefeituras: a) existência de canais específicos para pedido de informação (e-SIC), com o fornecimento de número de protocolo para o acompanhamento da solicitação; b) existência de canais gerais para pedido de informação (formulários ou e-mail), com encaminhamento de comprovante de recebimento da solicitação; c) existência de canais gerais para pedido de informação sem o encaminhamento de comprovante de recebimento da solicitação; d) inexistência de canais digitais para pedido de informações. Também foram observados quatro estágios diferenciados no atendimento às solicitações de informações: a) retorno à solicitação no prazo de 20 dias, conforme preconizado pela LAI; b) retorno à solicitação dentro do prazo de prorrogação (20 a 30 dias); c) retorno após o prazo máximo estipulado pela LAI; d) ausência de retorno. Conclui-se que, em nível subnacional, faz-se necessário o aprimoramento das instituições de controle interno, para que se avance na cultura da transparência e publicidade previstas na Constituição Federal (CF) de 1988 e em outros atos normativos.

Abstract This article, which is of a descriptive and exploratory nature, investigates whether the presence of a General Comptroller's Office within the organizational structure of Brazilian municipalities has had an impact on promoting local transparency and on monitoring compliance with the Access to Information Law (Lei de Acesso à Informação - LAI). It looks at a sample of 34 Municipal General Comptroller's Offices, identified by using a virtual search tool. Assuming that municipalities with comptroller's offices are already in compliance with LAI requirements, this article presents an assessment of the questions and responses provided in formal requests for information addressed to these agencies. When assessing passive transparency, four different types of request channels were identified: a) specific channels for requesting information (e-SIC), which provide a protocol number for monitoring processing of the request; b) general channels for requesting information (forms or e-mail), which provide a request receipt confirmation message; c) the existence of general channels for requesting information that do not provide a request receipt confirmation message; d) and the total lack of any kind of digital channel for requesting information. There were also four different stages for providing the information requested: a) a reply to the request within 20 days, as recommended by the LAI; b) a reply to the request within the extended period (20 to 30 days); c) a reply after the deadline recommended by the LAI; d) no reply whatsoever. The conclusion was, that at the subnational level, there is an urgent need to improve internal controls in many institutions, in order to boost the culture of transparency and openness provided for by the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution (FC) and legislation.

Resumen Este artículo se basa en un estudio exploratorio que investiga si la existencia de una contraloría-general en la estructura organizacional de los municipios brasileños ha tenido efecto en la promoción de la transparencia y en el cumplimento de la Ley de Acceso a la Información. El estudio utiliza una muestra de 34 contralorías municipales identificadas con un buscador virtual. Teniendo en cuenta que los municipios que tienen contralorías ya estarían adaptados a la Ley de Acceso a la Información, el artículo presenta una evaluación de las solicitudes de información pública y de las respuestas dadas a los solicitantes. Con respecto a la promoción de la transparencia pasiva, fueron identificadas cuatro situaciones diferentes en la estructura de cada contraloría municipal: a) existencia de sistemas informáticos específicos para solicitud de información (e-sic); b) existencia de canales generales para solicitud de información (formulario o email), con el envío de la comprobación del recibimiento de la solicitud; c) existencia de canales generales para la solicitud de información, sin el envío de la comprobación del recibimiento de la solicitud; d) inexistencia de sistemas informáticos o canales digitales para la solicitud de informaciones públicas. Además, fueron identificadas cuatro situaciones distintas en la atención de las solicitudes de informaciones públicas: a) envío de la respuesta en un plazo de 20 días, como prescrito por la Ley; b) envío de la respuesta en un plazo prorrogado (de 20 hasta 30 días); c) envío de la respuesta después del plazo prescrito por la Ley; d) ausencia de respuesta. Como conclusión, el estudio identifica la necesidad de mejorar las instituciones de control interno para que se pueda avanzar en la cultura de transparencia prevista en la Constitución Federal de 1988 y en las otras disposiciones normativas.

Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal vascular lesion of low-grade potential that is most often present in mucocutaneous sites and usually also affects lymph nodes and visceral organs. The condition may manifest through purplish lesions, flat or raised with an irregular shape, gastrointestinal bleeding due to lesions located in the digestive system, and dyspnea and hemoptysis associated with pulmonary lesions. In the early 1980s, the appearance of several cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men was the first alarm about a newly identified epidemic, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In 1994, it was finally demonstrated that the presence of a herpes virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma called HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus and its genetic sequence was rapidly deciphered. The prevalence of this virus is very high (about 50%) in some African populations, but stands between 2% and 8% for the entire world population. Kaposi's sarcoma only develops when the immune system is depressed, as in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which appears to be associated with a specific variant of the Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus. There are no treatment guidelines for Kaposi's sarcoma established in Brazil, and thus the Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology and the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases developed the treatment consensus presented here.

INTRODUÇÃO: A população brasileira tem seguido a tendência dos países desenvolvidos, cuja característica é o aumento do consumo de gorduras e sedentarismo. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da dieta hiperlipídica e do treinamento sobre o peso corporal, o consumo alimentar, a massa corporal magra, os lipídios plasmáticos, o peso do fígado e a aterosclerose em camundongos com deficiência de apolipoproteína E (apoE-/-). MÉTODOS: vinte e seis camundongos foram divididos em grupos/dieta: NS (normolipídica e sedentário), HS (hiperlipídica e sedentário), NT (normolipídica e treinamento) e HT (hiperlipídica e treinamento). Aferiu-se peso corporal (PC), consumo alimentar (CA) e peso relativo do fígado (PRF). Calculou-se a água da carcaça (A%) pela diferença do peso pré e pós-secagem, gordura (G%) por Soxhlet e proteína (P%) por Kjeldahl. Determinaram-se colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos (TG) e HDL por método enzimático-colorimétrico e LDL e VLDL pela formula de Friedewald. Analisou-se a aterosclerose por fotomicrografia. Utilizou-se ANOVA e o método de Duncan, com P < 0,05. RESULTADOS: No PC inicial e final, não houve diferença de G% e P% entre os grupos (P > 0,05). A dieta hiperlipídica aumentou o CA (365,3 ± 5,09 vs. 340,16 ± 6,32) e LDL (452,20 ± 114,63 vs. 329,60 ± 77,54) nos animais sedentários e o CT (858,75 ± 140,84 vs. 320,87 ± 157,81) e o LDL (839,36±139,94 vs. 282,66±166,92) nos treinados (P < 0,05). Já o treinamento aumentou o CA (350,4 ± 7,81 vs. 340,16 ± 6,32) e A% (64,23 ± 2,46 vs. 62,62 ± 1,47) nos camundongos normolipídicos e diminuiu o CA (336,68 ± 6,23 vs. 365,3 ± 5,09), TG (22,75 ± 12,36 vs. 66,00 ± 21,88), HDL (14,83 ± 3,95 vs. 37,60 ± 13,12), VLDL (4,55 ± 2,47 vs. 13,20 ± 4,37) e aterosclerose (0,35 ± 0,13 vs. 0,56 ± 0,12) nos hiperlipídicos (P < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A dieta hiperlipídica pode desencadear distúrbios no metabolismo lipídico e, com isso, desencadear doenças cardiovasculares; porém, associada ao treinamento, pode diminuir a aterosclerose.

INTRODUCTION: The Brazilian population has followed the trend of developed countries, whose characteristic is the increased consumption of fats and sedentary lifestyle. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of high fat diet and training on body weight, food intake, lean body mass, plasma lipids, liver weight and atherosclerosis in mice with apolipoprotein E (apoE-/-) deficiency. METHODS: 26 rats were divided into groups/diet: NS (normolipidic and sedentary), HS (high fat and sedentary), NT (normolipidic and training) and HT (high fat and training). Body weight (BW), food intake (FI) and relative liver weight (RLW) were measured in a Gehaka BG2000 scales. The water from the carcass (A%) was calculated from the weight difference between the pre-and post-drying ,the fat (% F) was calculated by Soxhlet, and the protein (P%) by Kjeldahl . We determined total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and HDL by colorimetric enzymatic method and VLDL and LDL by the Friedewald formula. Atherosclerosis was analyzed by photomicrography. We used ANOVA as well as the Duncan's method, P<0.05. RESULTS: In the initial and final BW, there was no difference in F% and P% between groups (P>0.05). The high fat diet increased the FI (365,3±5,09 vs. 340,16±6,32) and LDL (452,20±114,63 vs. 329,60±77,54) in the sedentary animals and TC (858,75±140,84 vs. 320,87±157,81) and LDL (839,36±139,94 vs. 282,66±166,92) in trained ones (P<0.05). On the other hand, training increased the CA (350,4±7,81 vs. 340,16±6,32) and A% (64,23±2,46 vs. 62,62±1,47) in normolipidic mice and decreased FI (336,68±6,23 vs 365,3 ± 5,09), TG (22,75±12,36 vs. 66,00±21,88), HDL (14,83±3,95 vs. 37,60±13,12), VLDL (4,55±2,47 vs. 13,20±4,37) and atherosclerosis (0,35±0,13 vs. 0,56±0,12) in hyperlipidic mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: A high fat diet can trigger disturbances in the lipid metabolism and thereby trigger cardiovascular disease, but when associated with activity may decrease atherosclerosis.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La población brasileña ha seguido la tendencia de los países desarrollados, cuya característica es el aumento del consumo de grasas y el sedentarismo. OBJETIVO: Investigar los efectos de la dieta hiperlipídica y del entrenamiento sobre el peso corporal, el consumo de alimentos, la masa corporal delgada, los lípidos plasmáticos, el peso del hígado y la aterosclerosis en ratones con deficiencia de apolipoproteína E (apoE-/-). MÉTODOS: 26 ratones fueron divididos en grupos/dieta: NS (normolipídica y sedentario), HS (hiperlipídica y sedentario), NT (normolipídica y entrenamiento) y HT (hiperlipídica y entrenamiento). Se controlaron peso corporal (PC), consumo de alimentos (CA) y peso relativo del hígado (PRH). Se calculó el agua de la carcasa (A%) por la diferencia del peso antes y después del secado, grasa (G%) por Soxhlet y proteína (P%) por Kjeldahl. Se determinaron colesterol total (CT), triglicéridos (TG) y HDL por el método enzimático-colorimétrico, y LDL y VLDL por la fórmula de Friedewald. Por fotomicrografía se analizó la aterosclerosis. Se utilizó ANOVA y el método de Duncan, con P < 0,05. RESULTADOS: En el PC inicial y final, no hubo diferencia de G% y P% entre los grupos (P > 0,05). La dieta hiperlipídica aumentó el CA (365,3 ± 5,09 vs. 340,16 ± 6,32) y el LDL (452,20 ± 114,63 vs. 329,60 ± 77,54) en los animales sedentarios, y el CT (858,75 ± 140,84 vs. 320,87 ± 157,81) y el LDL (839,36±139,94 vs. 282,66±166,92) en los entrenados (P < 0,05). Desde otro punto de vista, el entrenamiento aumentó el CA (350,4 ± 7,81 vs. 340,16 ± 6,32) y A% (64,23 ± 2,46 vs. 62,62 ± 1,47) en los ratones normolipídicos y disminuyó el CA (336,68 ± 6,23 vs. 365,3 ± 5,09), TG (22,75 ± 12,36 vs. 66,00 ± 21,88), HDL (14,83 ± 3,95 vs. 37,60 ± 13,12), VLDL (4,55 ± 2,47 vs. 13,20 ± 4,37) y la aterosclerosis (0,35 ± 0,13 vs. 0,56 ± 0,12) en los hiperlipídicos (P < 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: La dieta hiperlipídica puede causar disturbios en el metabolismo lipídico y, con eso, producir enfermedades cardiovasculares; no obstante, si está asociada con el entrenamiento, puede reducir la aterosclerosis.

Quality control is used to evaluate processes and products, and is a powerful tool for reducing variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of green sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cutting for mechanized harvest, using statistical quality control tools. Cutting height and damage to ratoon stalks caused by different blade and disc combinations of the basecutter mechanism were used as indicators of quality. Cutting height showed high variability with a controlled process for some treatments. However, these treatments were incapable of producing satisfactory results. The damage index was lower in treatments that used tilted blades, but above the target for all treatments, which caused significant damage to the ratoons. In general, the process of mechanized harvest as assessed by these indicators was found incapable of achieving targeted results and staying below specification limits, and thus requires corrective actions to improve quality.

Dens invaginatus, also known as "dens in dente", is a developmental dental anomaly resulting in an invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla. These cases present technical difficulties to the root canal treatment. Apexification using an apical plug of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been indicated as an alternative to long-term intracanal use of calcium hydroxide in immature permanent teeth. It is considered as a simple and rapid technique. This paper reports a case of Oehlers' Type 1 dens invaginatus in an immature permanent maxillary right lateral incisor, which presented pulp necrosis secondary to dental trauma and was treated by apexification with white MTA apical plugging followed by conventional root canal therapy. The operative procedures are described and the technique is discussed. The physical and biological properties of MTA, associated with appropriate instrumentation and obturation techniques, make this material an excellent option in the endodontic therapy of immature permanent teeth with dens invaginatus.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do CLA associado à dieta hiperlipídica sobre o perfil lipídico e composição corporal de camundongos knockout para o gene da ApoE exercitados. Métodos: 32 camundongos foram divididos e submetidos à dieta normo e hiperlipídica suplementadas ou não com 1% de CLA. Todos realizaram exercício físico em esteira, durante 12 semanas. Utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis ao nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os animais que ingeriram dieta hiperlipídica com CLA aumentaram o colesterol total e o LDL, comparado com os alimentados com dieta normolipídica associada ou não ao CLA. Observou-se aumento no ganho de peso dos camundongos que ingeriram dieta hiperlipídica com CLA, comparado com os normolipídicos suplementados com CLA. Conclusões: O CLA na concentração de 1% não alterou nenhum dos parâmetros analisados, independente da dieta, e não foi protetor contra os efeitos da dieta hiperlipídica.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of CLA associated with high-fat diet on lipid profile and body composition of knockout mice for the ApoE gene exercised. Methods: A 32 mice were divided and submitted to a normal-fat diet and high-fat diet supplemented with 1% CLA. All exercise training on a treadmill for 12 weeks. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The animals fed high-fat diet with CLA increased total cholesterol and LDL, compared with those fed normal-fat diet associated or not with CLA. There was an increase in weight gain of mice who ate high-fat diet with CLA, compared with normal-fat supplemented with CLA. Conclusions: CLA at a concentration of 1% did not change any of the parameters analyzed, regardless of diet, and was not protective against the effects of high-fat diet

A aterosclerose é um processo inflamatório crônico e degenerativo que acomete os vasos, sendo caracterizada pelo acúmulo de lipídeos no espaço subendotelial da íntima, acúmulo de células inflamatórias e elementos fibrosos. A oxidação de LDL-c parece ser o principal evento para o início da aterosclerose. O exercício físico aeróbio melhora os sistemas de defesa orgânicos contra aterosclerose, diminuindo o estresse oxidativo e aumentando a síntese de enzimas antioxidantes; aumento da vasodilatação via óxido nítrico (NO) e óxido nítrico sintase endotelial (eNOS) e diminuição da inflamação sistêmica com produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e aumento de fatores anti-inflamatórios. Porém, de maneira aguda, o exercício aeróbio de alta intensidade aumenta o risco de desenvolvimento de eventos cardiovasculares e, de forma crônica, pode atuar negativa ou positivamente na prevenção do processo aterosclerótico.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic-degenerative inflammatory process that occurs in blood vessels and is characterized by accumulation of lipids, of inflammatory cells and fibrosis factors on the vessels walls. The (LDL-c) oxidation seems to be the main event to trigger atherosclerosis. Aerobic exercise improves the organic system defense against atherosclerosis by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing anti-oxidant enzyme biosynthesis, improving blood vessels vasodilatation by nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokine production and increasing anti-inflammatory factors. However, acute high intensity aerobic exercises increase the cardiovascular event risk and its chronic type may affect either positively or negatively in the prevention of atherosclerosis.

O desempenho de tratores agrícolas em condições de campo resulta da interação entre pneu e rodado, influenciado pela velocidade de deslocamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de um trator agrícola sob diferentes pressões de inflação dos pneus da semeadora (518, 483, and 414kPa) e em duas marchas que proporcionaram velocidades de 3,0 e 6,0km h-1. O experimento foi realizado no campus de Jaboticabal da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi fatorial inteiramente casualizado (3x2), com quatro repetições. A força de tração foi influenciada pela marcha e pela potência exigida; no entanto, a pressão de inflação do pneu da semeadora não alterou esses parâmetros. Além disso, o consumo de combustível foi influenciado apenas pela marcha do trator. O consumo de energia foi maior com o aumento da velocidade, ocasionada pela mudança de marcha. A velocidade de deslocamento foi maior para a pressão de 518kPa, em razão da menor patinagem da semeadora promovida por essa pressão. A patinagem do trator não foi alterada pelos fatores testados.

The performance of agricultural tractors under field conditions results from the interaction between tire and wheel affected by displacement speed. This work was developed to assess the performance of an agricultural tractor under different seeder's tire inflation pressure (518; 483 and 414kPa) and in two different gears providing speeds of 3.0 and 6.0km h-1. The experiment was performed at Jaboticabal Campus of São Paulo State University (UNESP). The experimental design used was entirely randomized in a 2-factor factorial design (3x2) with four replications. The draft force was influenced by the gear as well as by the required power; however, tire inflation pressure in the seeder did not change these parameters. Also, fuel consumption was influenced only by the tractor gear. Energy consumption was greater as speed increased, caused by gear shifting. The displacement speed was greater for the 518kPa pressure due to a lesser slippage in the seeder under this pressure. Tractor slippage did not change.

A mecanização desempenha papel fundamental na produção agrícola e, consequentemente, na composição dos custos. Os adequados planejamento e gerenciamento dos sistemas mecanizados contribuem para a racionalização e redução dos gastos e melhoria do produto final. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar e caracterizar a variabilidade espacial da resistência mecânica do solo à penetração, da demanda energética e do desempenho operacional do conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora em semeadura de amendoim, atuando com 5% de biodiesel etílico destilado de amendoim, em solo sob preparo convencional. As variáveis avaliadas neste estudo foram: força e potência requeridas na barra de tração, capacidade de campo efetiva, consumo de combustível, consumo de energia, patinhagem dos rodados e resistência mecânica do solo à penetração. Pelos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a variabilidade espacial das variáveis ligadas ao conjunto mecanizado depende principalmente da direção de deslocamento e que a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração não apresentou correlação com as outras variáveis. O consumo específico de combustível demonstrou correlação negativa com a força de tração, indicando que houve melhor aproveitamento da energia disponibilizada pelo combustível para maior exigência de tração.

The mechanization plays a major role in agricultural production and consequently at its costs. The correct management of mechanized systems contributes to its optimization and decreases its costs, making the final product better. The aim of this research was to study and characterize the spatial variability of soil mechanical resistance to penetration, energetic demand and operational performance of a tractor-seeder-fertilizer system at peanut sowing operation, working with 5% distilled ethylic peanut biodiesel, in conventional tillage system. Were evaluated the required drawbar force and power, effective field capacity, fuel and energy consumption, slippage and the soil mechanical resistance to penetration. By the results, were concluded that the spatial variability of the variables related to mechanized system depends on displacement direction; the soil mechanical resistance did not demonstrate correlation with the other variables. The specific fuel consumption showed negative correlation with the drawbar force, indicating better use of fuel energy available for greater traction demand.

Objetivou-se determinar o perfil da aspartato aminotransferase e alanina aminotransferase e a biometria do fígado de codornas poedeiras (Coturnix coturnix japonica) de 1 a 25 dias de idade. Avaliaram-se o peso vivo e o peso do fígado e as atividades das aspartato e alanina aminotransferases no fígado utilizando-se 90 codornas de 1 dia de idade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis idades e cinco repetições, considerando cada animal uma unidade experimental. Aos 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 dias de idade, cinco animais foram sacrificados e os fígados coletados, pesados, congelados em nitrogênio líquido e armazenados a -20 ºC. As alíquotas dos tecidos foram coletadas para determinação das atividades da aspartato e alanina aminotransferases no homogenato. O peso do fígado aumentou de acordo com a idade e não aumentou na mesma proporção que o peso corporal das codornas no mesmo período de crescimento. As atividades totais da aspartato aminotransferase e alanina aminotransferase apresentaram crescimento linear de acordo com a idade. A enzima aspartato aminotransferase apresentou maior atividade total em relação à alanina aminotransferase. No primeiro dia de vida, as enzimas já apresentaram atividades específicas consideráveis em relação às outras idades. A atividade da aspartato aminotransferase por grama de fígado foi bem maior que a da alanina em todas as idades. A atividade da enzima alanina aminotransferase por grama de peso corporal decresceu de forma linear com a idade. Os dados do perfil das das enzimas aspartato aminotransferase e alanina aminotransferase observados permitirão melhor ajuste dos níveis de proteína das rações para codornas.

An experiment was conducted to determine the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and the liver biometry of laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) from one to 25 days of age. Ninety, day-old, quails were used. A randomized complete experimental design was used with six ages, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. At 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days of age five animals were sacrificed, the liver removed, weighed, frozen with liquid nitrogen and stored at -20 ºC. Liver samples were collected, homogenized and centrifuged to determine the homogenate aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Liver weight developed linearly with age but differently from the body weight. Total aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities showed a linear increase with age. Total aspartate aminotransferase showed higher activities than alanine aminotransferase. At one day old, quail liver aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase had specific activities higher than those observed at other ages. Aspartate aminotransferase activity per g of liver was higher than aspartate aminotransferase at all ages studied. Alanine aminotransferase activity per g of body weight showed a linear reduction with age. The data observed will allow better adjustment of the level of protein in quail feed.