Resumen Las estrategias de aprendizaje y la comprensión de lectura representan temas urgentes de revisión en el nivel educativo, lo es dentro de la educación básica y superior; sin embargo, con diferencias específicas, en el ámbito de la educación artística aún han sido poco exploradas. Así pues, los estudiantes de educación superior privilegian los aprendizajes relacionados al fortalecimiento de su talento o actividad artística de diversas manifestaciones artístico culturales, a la par que reciben una educación integral que permita la contribución con su perfil de egreso (pedagogos del arte). Esta situación ha determinado que se describa la relación entre dos variables de investigación para tomar acción educativa en este grupo de estudio en particular. El alcance correlacional, dentro de lo cuantitativo, ha servido para que, con la aplicación de dos instrumentos: una escala de estrategias de aprendizaje (ACRA) y una prueba que mide el nivel de comprensión lectora en 64 alumnos de arte en educación superior, se concluya que no existe relación (p ≥ 0,05) entre estas. Esto es estadísticamente significativo con un p-valor = ,617. En tal sentido, los estudiantes, si bien reciben el aprendizaje de las estrategias, no tienen relación con el desarrollo de su competencia lectora dada su escasa práctica.

Resumo Estratégias de aprendizagem e compreensão de leitura representam questões urgentes de revisão no nível educacional, seja na educação básica e superior; porém, com diferenças específicas, no campo da educação artística ainda são pouco exploradas. Assim, os estudantes do ensino superior privilegiam as aprendizagens relacionadas com o reforço do seu talento ou atividade artística de diversas manifestações artísticas culturais, ao mesmo tempo que recebem uma formação integral que permite contribuir para o seu perfil de formação (pedagogos da arte). Essa situação determinou que a relação entre duas variáveis de pesquisa seja descrita para a ação educativa nesse grupo de estudo específico. O escopo correlacional, dentro do quantitativo, serviu para que, com a aplicação de dois instrumentos: uma escala de estratégias de aprendizagem (ACRA) e um teste que mede o nível de compreensão leitora em 64 estudantes de arte do ensino superior, concluímos que há nenhuma relação (p ≥ 0,05) entre eles. Isso é estatisticamente significativo com um valor de p = 0,617. Nesse sentido, os alunos, embora recebam o aprendizado das estratégias, não se relacionam com o desenvolvimento de sua competência leitora dada sua pouca prática.

Abstract Learning strategies and reading comprehension represent urgent review issues at the educational level, it is within basic and higher education; however, with specific differences, in the field of artistic education they have still been little explored. Thus, higher education students privilege learning related to strengthening their talent or artistic activity of various cultural artistic manifestations, while receiving a comprehensive education that allows the contribution to their graduation profile (art pedagogues). This situation has determined that the relationship between two research variables is described in order to take educational action in this particular study group. The correlational scope, within the quantitative, has served so that, with the application of two instruments: a scale of learning strategies (ACRA) and a test that measures the level of reading comprehension in 64 art students in higher education, conclude that there is no relationship (p ≥ 0.05) between them. This is statistically significant with a p-value = .617. In this sense, the students, although they receive the learning of the strategies, are not related to the development of their reading competence given their little practice.

Abstract Some experimental results concerning the performance of fiber-reinforced soil composites made of soil and shredded fibers from waste tires are presented. The composite mixtures were prepared with fiber addition of 0, 15, 30, and 45 wt%. After molding, the specimens were oven-dried and tested for unconfined compressive strength and water immersion durability. The results showed an improvement in durability with the addition of fiber. The results also indicated good compressive strength performance for the composites with a fiber content of 15 and 30 wt%. The 30 wt% fiber addiction was the best choice because of the environmental sustainability appeal to solid waste reduction.

Abstract: This essay analyzes the aesthetic, iconological and intertextual strategies proposed by Guillermo Cabrera in his novel Tres tristes tigres (1967), which allows us to assume literary writing mediated by images, as the trigger for parody and critical representation about the influence of the spectacle in Havana’s society during the 1950s. To do this, the transcendence of cinema in the author's literary work is first pointed out and some of the representations that certain visual and textual references put into play within the novel are examined, as part of a playful writing that simulates a kind of cinematographic narration. The relevance of the study lies in the odds of contributing into a topic that, although it has already been addressed in part of the criticism referred to the author, still remains open to review, expansion and debate.

Resumen: El ensayo analiza las estrategias estéticas, iconológicas e intertextuales planteadas por Guillermo Cabrera Infante en su novela Tres tristes tigres (1967), que permiten asumir la escritura literaria mediada por las imágenes, como el desencadenante de la parodia y de la representación crítica del influjo del espectáculo en la sociedad habanera de la década de 1950. Para ello se puntualiza primero la trascendencia del cine en la obra literaria del autor y se examinan algunas de las representaciones que ciertas referencias visuales y textuales ponen en juego dentro la novela, como parte de una escritura lúdica que simula una suerte de narración cinematográfica. La pertinencia del estudio, estriba en la posibilidad de profundizar en un tópico que, aunque ya ha sido abordado en parte de la crítica referida al autor, todavía permanece abierto a revisión, ampliación y debate.

Resumen Introducción: Experimentar o exponerse a la violencia se denomina victimización; vivirla puede repercutir en la salud, calidad y esperanza de vida. Objetivos: Describir la victimización e identificar los factores relacionados con la polivictimización (≥ 4 incidentes) en adolescentes. Métodos: Se aplicaron los cuestionarios validados de autorreporte ICAST-C y Youth Self Report en nueve escuelas secundarias públicas, previo consentimiento y asentimiento informados, con los que se investigaron datos demográficos, seis formas de victimización y sintomatología relacionada con ocho problemas de salud mental. Se obtuvieron frecuencias de las formas de victimización y polivictimización y se realizó regresión ordinal para identificar variables relacionadas con la polivictimización. Resultados: Se incluyeron las respuestas de 638 participantes, 49.37 % indicó victimización a lo largo de la vida, 53.37 % antes del año anterior y 68.86 % durante el año anterior; 47.65 % reportó polivictimización, 21.75 % antes del año anterior y 17.53 % durante el año anterior. Los factores relacionados con la polivictimización fueron depresión-introversión, déficit de atención, conductas para romper las reglas, bullying realizado y separación/divorcio de los padres. Conclusiones: La victimización y polivictimización fueron frecuentes en los adolescentes estudiados; la sintomatología de problemas de salud mental, bullying realizado y divorcio/separación de los padres se relacionaron con polivictimización.

Abstract Introduction: Experiencing or being exposed to violence is called victimization; living it can generate repercussions on health, quality of life and life expectancy. Objectives: To describe victimization and identify factors related to polyvictimization (≥ 4 victimization incidents) in adolescents. Methods: After informed consent and assent were obtained, the ICAST-C and Youth Self-Report validated self-report questionnaires were applied in nine public secondary schools, by means of which demographic data, six forms of victimization and symptoms related to eight mental health problems were investigated. Frequencies of the forms of victimization and polyvictimization were obtained and an ordinal regression was carried out to identify variables related to polyvictimization. Results: The answers of 638 participants were included; 49.37% reported victimization throughout life, 53.37% before previous year and 68.86% during previous year; 47.65% reported polyvictimization, 21.75% before previous year and 17.53% during previous year. The factors related to polyvictimization were depression-introversion, attention deficit, rule-breaking behaviors, bullying and parental separation/divorce. Conclusions: Victimization and polyvictimization were frequent in this sample of adolescents; the factors that were related to polyvictimization included symptoms of mental health problems, bullying and parental divorce/separation.

The cocoa bean and its by-products are widely consumed in the world, due to their mineral content, functional compounds and antioxidant capacity, which vary according to how its processed. Fresh dried cocoa beans (FDB), dry fermented beans (FB) and cocoa paste (CP) were investigated, 31 samples in each case. Phosphorus, sodium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, cadmium lead, total polyphenols, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH) expressed in Trolox equivalents (TE) were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used. The mineral analysis established that 12 samples influenced CP1 and CP2. There was more calcium in the M26 sample of FDB, with 3.14%; potassium in the FDB, in M13, with 2.44%. Zinc in the FDB, was found in greater quantity in M30, M22, M23 and M9; with 90.46 ± 0.19 ppm in M30. Twenty-five samples reached values ≤ 0.61 ± 0.01 ppm of cadmium. There was a higher lead content in the FDB, in the M20 sample with 3.44 ± 0.05 ppm. The M10 sample, from FDB, presented the highest antioxidant capacity, with values of 591.50 ± 3.76 (ABTS) and 513.68 ± 0.84 (DPPH) μM TE/g

Resumo Apresenta-se uma aplicação das Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) para o desenho sísmico de edifícios de concreto reforçado. São testados dois modelos de RNA. O primeiro modelo corresponde a edifícios de 8 a 12 andares e o segundo, a edifícios de 4 a 7 andares, localizados no solo brando da Cidade do México. São utilizados modelos de RNA com alimentação "para frente" e com um algoritmo de aprendizagem de retroalimentação. Os desenhos de edifícios obtidos mediante RNA são comparados a desenhos realizados de maneira convencional (seguindo as especificações vigentes do Regulamento de Construções do Distrito Federal), e se obtém diferenças máximas da ordem de 15% ao nível de elementos estruturais, por tanto são aceitos os modelos de RNA propostos.

Abstract An application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for the seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings is presented. Two models of ANN were trained. The first model corresponds to buildings designed for 8 -12 stories and the second model for 4 7 stories. The buildings are located in soft soil of the valley of Mexico. The Feed-Forward Backpropagation network is used for the ANN models. Two models designed by means of ANN were compared with those obtained with the conventional design way. As a result of a comparative analysis, maximum differences around 15% were found in the structural elements; therefore, the proposed ANN models are accepted.

Resumen Se presenta una aplicación de las Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNA) para el pre-diseño sísmico de edificios de concreto reforzado. Se entrenan dos modelos de RNA. El primer modelo corresponde a edificios con 8 a 12 niveles, y el segundo a edificios con 4 a 7 niveles, ubicados en el suelo blando de la Ciudad de México. Se usan modelos de RNA con alimentación "hacia adelante" y con un algoritmo de aprendizaje de retroalimentación. Se comparan los diseños de edificios obtenidos mediante RNA con diseños realizados de manera convencional (siguiendo las especificaciones vigentes del Reglamento de Construcciones para el Distrito Federal), y se obtienen diferencias máximas del orden de 15% a nivel de elementos estructurales, por lo que se aceptan los modelos de RNA propuestos.

ABSTRACT: A criterion to evaluate the confidence factor that takes into account the deterioration of the structural capacity and the increment of the seismic demand at the end of a time interval is proposed. The confidence factor and its confidence level are expressed by means of closed-form mathematical equations. The formulation is made in accordance with the Demand and Capacity Factor Design Format. The simplified closed-form expressions are based on the original formulation proposed by Cornell where the structural deterioration over time is not considered. The proposed criterion is exemplified by means of the analysis of a 10-story building located on soft soil with characteristics similar to those of the site of the Ministry of Communications and Transports in Mexico City.

RESUMEN: Se propone un criterio para evaluar el factor de confianza que toma en cuenta la variación tanto de la capacidad estructural como la demanda sísmica, al término de un intervalo de tiempo. El factor de confianza y su correspondiente nivel de confianza se expresan mediante ecuaciones matemáticas cerradas. La formulación se desarrolla de acuerdo con el formato de diseño basado en factores de demanda y capacidad estructural. Las expresiones propuestas se extienden a partir de la formulación original que no considera el deterioro en el tiempo propuesta por Cornell. El criterio propuesto se aplica a un edificio de concreto reforzado de 10 niveles ubicado en suelo blando con características similares al sitio de la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes en la Ciudad de México.

Abstract: Tungsten oxides based catalysts on alumina or mixed oxide alumina-titania were carried out in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene compounds using H2O2 as oxidant agent. The catalysts were prepared by incipient impregnation method using different loading of tungsten and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM-EDX) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The results show ODS activity was improved in catalysts containing titania and using W species partially reduced.

Resumen: Catalizadores de óxido de tungsteno soportados en Al2O3 o Al2O3-TiO2 fueron evaluados en la reacción de desulfuración oxidativa (ODS) de compuestos dibenzotiofénicos usando H2O2 como agente oxidante. Los catalizadores fueron preparados por impregnación incipiente de metatungstato de amonio con diferentes contenidos de tungsteno y se caracterizaron por difracción de rayos X (DRX), microscopía electrónica de barrido con análisis elemental de energía dispersiva de rayos X (SEM-EDX) y reducción a temperatura programada (TPR). Los resultados de actividad muestran que al agregar titania al soporte de alúmina la producción de sulfonas aumenta y que las especies de W parcialmente reducidas son más activas en la ODS que el WO3.

An approach to evaluate the confidence factor for structures at the end of an interval of time is proposed. The confidence factor indicates the adequacy of the performance level of a structure subjected to external loads. The factor considers the uncertainties implicit in the structural capacity and in the structural demand. The formulation is made in accordance with the Demand and Capacity Factor Design Format. Four scenarios are compared: a) structural capacity deteriorates over a time interval, while structural demand remains constant, b) only structural demand (for a given intensity) varies in time, c) both structural capacity and structural demand vary simultaneously in time, and d) the effect of structural deterioration is neglected. The approach is applied to an offshore jacket platform. Deterioration is taken into account by analyzing the growth of fatigue cracks in both ends of several critical structural elements. It is concluded that for the evaluation of the confidence factor over an interval of interest, for the case analyzed, it is more significant to consider the variation in time of the structural capacity rather than that of the structural demand; however, it is recommended to consider both (structural capacity and structural demand) in the analysis.

Se propone un criterio para evaluar el factor de confianza que obtendrá una estructura después de cierto intervalo de tiempo. El factor de confianza indica lo adecuado que es el nivel de desempeño que presenta una estructura ante solicitaciones externas. Dicho factor considera incertidumbres tanto en la capacidad como en la demanda estructural. La formulación se elabora de acuerdo con el formato de diseño basado en factores de demanda y de capacidad. Se comparan cuatro casos: a) considerando que la capacidad estructural se deteriora con el tiempo, al mismo tiempo que la demanda estructural permanece constante, b) suponiendo que solo la demanda estructural (dada una intensidad) varía en el tiempo, c) considerando que varían en el tiempo simultáneamente la capacidad y la demanda estructural, yd) ignorando el efecto del deterioro estructural. El criterio se aplica a una plataforma marina tipo "jacket". El deterioro se considera mediante el crecimiento de grietas causadas por fatiga en los extremos de algunos elementos estructurales críticos. Se concluye que para evaluar el factor de confianza que tiene la estructura después de cierto tiempo es más significativo considerar la influencia del deterioro en la capacidad que en la demanda estructural; sin embargo, se recomienda considerar en el análisis tanto la degradación de la capacidad estructural como su influencia en la demanda estructural, para una intensidad dada.

A degradação térmica a 300 ºC de argamassas de cimento Portland reforçada por fibras de polipropileno foi investigada. Foi proposto um modelo computacional para a avaliação qualitativa da conectividade da estrutura de poros. Os resultados revelaram a degradação das argamassas com a temperatura dos tratamentos térmicos. A conectividade da estrutura de poros aumentou com a temperatura do tratamento térmico para as argamassas com fibra. Os resultados também mostraram um aumento da conectividade da estrutura de poros para as argamassas com fibra não submetidas à alta temperatura.

Thermal degradation at 300 ºC of polypropylene fiber reinforced Portland cement mortars was investigated. A geometric modeling considering pore with cylindrical shape was also used in order to do quantitative evaluation of pore structure's connectivity. The results revealed thermal degradation of the mortars by high temperature. The pore structure connectivity increased with thermal treatment temperature for mortar samples with fiber content. The test results also showed pore structure connectivity increase for non-heat treated fibered mortars.

Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar, in vitro, a fungitoxicidade dos extratos brutos aquosos (EBAs) de Achillea millefolium, Artemisia camphorata, Cymbopogon citratus e Rosmarinus officinalis contra Alternaria solani e o efeito protetor destes extratos em plantas de tomateiro em casa-de-vegetação. Para verificar a atividade antifúngica, os EBAs foram incorporados ao BDA e avaliadas a inibição do crescimento micelial, a esporulação e a germinação de conídios. O efeito protetor em plantas foi avaliado através da pulverização preventiva (72h antes da inoculação) dos EBAs, nas concentrações de 10 e 20%, nas duas primeiras folhas. A severidade da doença foi verificada 15 dias após a inoculação. Verificou-se que os EBAs não inibiram o crescimento micelial, mas tiveram efeitos significativos na redução da esporulação e da germinação de conídios, principalmente os EBAs de A. camphorata, C. citratus e R. officinalis, a partir da concentração de 20%. Já em relação à proteção das plantas verificou-se uma redução no número de lesões em relação à testemunha, nas folhas acima das tratadas, observando o efeito sistêmico dos extratos. Os extratos estudados podem ser promissores no controle da pinta-preta em tomateiro.

The present work aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the fungitoxicity of aqueous crude extracts (ACEs) of Achillea millefolium, Artemisia camphorata, Cymbopogon citratus and Rosmarinus officinalis to Alternaria solani and their protective effect on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. To evaluate the antifungal activity of ACEs, they were incorporated into potato-dextrose-agar medium and the inhibition of mycelial growth, sporulation and conidia germination was evaluated. The protective effect in plants was evaluated by means of preventive spraying (72 hours before inoculation) with ACE, at concentrations of 10 and 20%, in the first two leaves. Disease severity was verified 15 days after inoculation. It was observed that ACEs did not inhibit mycelial growth, but they had significant effects on the reduction of germination and sporulation, especially the ACEs of A. camphorata, C. citratus and R. officinalis, at concentrations up to 20%. A reduction was observed in the number of lesions in relation to the control, in leaves above those treated, observing the systemic effect of the extracts. The extracts from the studied plants may be promising in the control of early blight on tomato plants.

Estudou-se o papel do pré-condicionamento isquêmico de 5 minutos sobre o efeito da isquemia hepática de 2 horas seguida de reperfusão de 1 hora. Verificou-se a Razão de Controle Respiratório (RCR) foi significativamente maior nos animais submetidos à isquemia hepático com pré-condicionamento prévio de 5 minutos.

The influence of a 5 minute ischeamic pré-conditioning on the effect of 2 hours of ischeamia of the liver, followed by one hour of reperfusion, was studied. The Respiratory Control Ratio (RCR) was significantly greater in the animals submitted to pre-conditioning.

Os autores fazem uma revisão pormenorizada sobre os principais modelos cirúrgicos experimentais de falência hepática fulminante. Abordam aspectos da indução experimental das vantagens e desvantagens dos diferentes modelos, tecendo comentários sobre os modelos de indução da falência hepática, e das possíveis formas de diagnóstico e tratamento.

The authors prepared a detaile review of experimental surgical models of acute liver failure. They comment on the aspects of experimental induction, the advantages and disadvantages of the different models, as well as on the possibilities of diagnosis and treatment.