Resumen Objetivo: Establecer el valor pronóstico del TRNSC basado en la necesidad de marcapasos en pacientes diagnosticados con aleteo atrial, pos-ablación. Métodos: Este cohorte prospectivo, realizado en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" en la Ciudad de México, evaluó pacientes sometidos a ablación para corregir el aleteo atrial; se midió el TRNSC post bloqueo autonómico. Resultados: La muestra de 40 pacientes se subdividió en 2 grupos según su requerimiento de marcapasos posterior a la ablación (P y NP). Se diagnosticó disfunción del nodo sinusal en 13 participantes (32.5%), de los cuales 10 (71.43%) requirieron marcapasos en comparación a 4 (28.57%) con función normal. En el grupo P la pausa del nodo sinusal post-ablación tuvo una media de 1.86 ± 0.96 s versus el grupo NP con 1.196 ± 0.52 s. En relación con el TRNSC, el grupo NP tuvo una media de 383.54 ± 67.96 ms vs. 1972.57 ± 3423.56 ms en el grupo P. 10 pacientes (25%) obtuvieron un TRNSC > 500 ms, de los cuales 100% requirieron marcapasos; de los 14 pacientes que requirieron marcapasos 10 (71.43%) tenían un TRNSC elevado (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusiones: El TRNSC tiene el potencial de ser una herramienta de pronóstico cuantitativo para la necesidad de futuros implantes de marcapasos en pacientes con disfunción del nodo sinusal, resultado de aleteo atrial pos-ablación. Esto podría ayudar a diagnosticar más temprano una disfunción del nodo sinusal, resultando en la reducción de la pérdida a largo plazo de la función cardíaca como efecto de la remodelación.

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the prognostic value of CSNRT regarding the necessity for pacemaker implantation in patients with atrial flutter (AFL) post-ablation. Methods: This prospective cohort study, conducted at the National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez" in Mexico City, assessed patients who had undergone ablation procedures to correct AFL, posterior to which an autonomic blockade was performed, and CSNRT was measured. Results: The sample for this investigation was 40 patients. These were subdivided into two study groups depending on their requirement of pacemaker implant post-ablation (Pacemaker P, No Pacemaker NP). Sinus node (SN) dysfunction was diagnosed in 13 (32.5%) of the 40 participants, 10 (71.43%) of which required a pacemaker implant, while only 4 participants (28.57%) with normal SN function required pacemakers. Ten out of the 14 patients (71.43%) who required a pacemaker had an elevated CSNRT > 500 ms (p ≤ 0.01). Post-ablation CSNRT mean was 383.54 ms ± 67.96 ms in the NP group versus 1972.57 ms ± 3423.56 ms in the P group. Furthermore, SN pause in the P group had a mean of 1.86 s ± 0.96 s versus the NP group with 1.196 s ± 0.52 s. Conclusion: CSNRT has the potential to be a quantitative prognostic tool for the assessment of future pacemaker implants in patients with AFL post-ablation. This could aid in the timely diagnosis of sinus node dysfunction, which could, in the long run, result in the reduction of cardiac functional capacity loss due to cardiac remodeling.

ABSTRACT Gestational diabetes mellitus (GD) is a form of insulin resistance triggered during the second/third trimesters of pregnancy in previously normoglycemic women. It is currently estimated that 10% of all pregnancies in the United States show this condition. For many years, the transient nature of GD has led researchers and physicians to assume that long-term consequences were absent. However, GD diagnosis leads to a six-fold increase in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women and incidence of obesity and T2D is also higher among their infants. Recent and concerning evidences point to detrimental effects of GD on the behavior and cognition of the offspring, which often persist until adolescence or adulthood. Considering that the perinatal period is critical for determination of adult behavior, it is expected that the intra-uterine exposure to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and pro-inflammatory mediators, hallmark features of GD, might affect brain development. Here, we review early clinical and experimental evidence linking GD to consequences on the behavior of the offspring, focusing on memory and mood disorders. We also discuss initial evidence suggesting that downregulation of insulin signaling cascades are seen in the brains of GD offspring and could contribute to the consequences on their behavior.