ABSTRACT The identification of productive plants with fruits of desirable characteristics contributes to the optimization of commercial crops of red mombin fruits. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity among the provenance of red mombin of two municipalities of the state of Goiás. The fruits were harvested at ripening stage 3 and transported to the laboratory. The treatments were composed of fruits harvested from three plants, being ten repetitions and five fruits per experimental plot, totaling fifty fruits per provenance. Considering each repetition as an individual, 15 individuals were evaluated for length, diameter, weight, color attributes of the pericarp and pulp, soluble solids content and titratable acidity of the pulp, ratio of soluble solids content and acidity, and vitamin C content of the pulp. The results were subjected to descriptive analysis. A multivariate analysis was performed estimating the mean Euclidean distance obtained from the provenances, based on the attributes of the fruits analyzed. The measure of similarity and grouping of the provenances were done through the Tocher optimization algorithm and UPGMA dendrogram. The variables contributed similarly to dissimilarity. The Tocher method grouped the individuals into four groups, while in the UPGMA dendrogram, seven groups were formed.

RESUMO Vários critérios têm sido utilizados na determinação da maturidade de frutos, baseados na aparência e na composição química do produto na época da colheita. Objetivou-se avaliar as mudanças físicas, químicas e fisiológicas ocorridas durante o desenvolvimento da manga ‘Ubá’, visando estabelecer as fases de desenvolvimento do fruto para o completo amadurecimento. O experimento foi desenvolvido em pomar com cerca de 30 anos de idade em Visconde do Rio Branco, MG (21º00’37”S, 42º50’26”O e altitude de 352 m). Semanalmente, desde a antese até o completo amadurecimento na planta, foram coletados 25 frutos de 15 mangueiras. As amostragens ocorreram de agosto de 2007 a janeiro de 2008. As características avaliadas foram: comprimento, menor e maior diâmetro; produção de CO2; parâmetros de cor L*, a* e b* da casca e da polpa; massa fresca e seca (fruto, casca, polpa e semente); extravasamento de solutos; consistência da polpa; sólidos solúveis (SS); acidez titulável (AT); ratio (razão SS/AT); vitamina C; carotenoides, amido e açúcares solúveis. O desenvolvimento da manga ‘Ubá’ estendeu-se por 23 semanas. O padrão de desenvolvimento ajustou-se a um modelo sigmoidal simples. O climatérico respiratório dos frutos ligados à planta foi atingido entre a 20a e a 21a semana após a antese.

ABSTRACT Several criteria have been used to determine fruit maturity, which are based on the appearance and chemical composition of the produce at harvest time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and physiological changes that occur during the development of mango cv. ‘Ubá’, aiming to determine the stages of fruit development until complete maturation. The experiment was carried out in an approximately 30-year-old orchard in Visconde do Rio Branco, MG (21º00'37"S, 42º50'26"W and 352 m altitude). Weekly, 25 fruits of 15 hoses were collected from the anthesis to the complete maturation in the plant. Samplings took place from August 2007 to January 2008. The characteristics evaluated were length, smaller and larger diameter; CO2 production; color parameters L*, a*, and b* of skin and pulp; fresh and dry mass (fruit, skin, pulp, and seed); solute leakage; pulp firmness; soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA); SS/TA ratio; Vitamin C; carotenoids, starch, and soluble sugars. The development of mango fruit cv. ‘Ubá’ took 23 weeks. The developmental pattern fit a simple sigmoidal model. Fruits attached to the plant reached the respiratory climacteric stage between 20 and 21 weeks after anthesis.

RESUMEN Entre los factores que contribuyen para un correcto desarrollo inicial de las plantas, está el sustrato utilizado, por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del sustrato en la formación inicial y morfología de las raíces de dos especies de maracuyá. El experimento fue realizado en vivero con polisombra de interceptación luminosa (60%), en la Universidad Federal de Goiás (UFG), Regional Jataí, Brasil. Los materiales utilizados fueron maracuyá (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) y el cultivar FB 200 (Flora Brasil). Se utilizaron semillas de frutos recolectados del huerto experimental de la UFG. Se sembraron en tres tipos de sustratos: Suelo I (mezcla de 2 partes de suelo + 1 parte de gallinaza + 1 parte de arena), Suelo II (suelo de barranco) y Bioplant®; se utilizó bolsas perforadas para plántulas con capacidad de 1,5 L. El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente aleatorio con seis tratamientos, ocho repeticiones y cuatro plántulas por parcela. Después de 30 días de siembra, se evaluó: peso fresco de la raíz, peso seco de raíz y morfología de la raíz. El sustrato tuvo efecto en el desarrollo inicial de las plantas de maracuyá, donde se obtuvo los mejores resultados con Bioplant®. Este sustrato sobresalió en todas las características evaluadas mostrando su potencialidad en la propagación de esta especie.

ABSTRACT Among the factors that contribute to better initial development of plants, it is the substrate used. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of substrate in initial formation and morphology of the roots of two species of passion fruits. The analyses were done in the nursery of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Regional Jataí, Brazil, with a light interception of 60%. The material used were seeds of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) and the cultivar FB 200 (Flora Brasil), harvested in the UFG experimental field. They were sown in three types of substrates: Soil I (mixture of soil, chicken manure and sand in a ratio of 2:1:1 by volume), soil II (steep bank), and Bioplant®, using for plants perforated bags with a capacity of 1.5 L. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with six treatments, eight replications and four plants per plot. After 30 days of sowing, fresh matter of root, root dry matter and morphology were evaluated. The substrate affected the initial development of yellow passion fruit, obtaining the best results with Bioplant®, showing as promising for the development of all the evaluated characteristics.