Abstract Vaccines are considered one of the most important public health advancements of the modern age and the most cost-effective preventive method of curbing the spread of several diseases with high morbidity and lethality. However, vaccination coverage rates around the world have been threatened by the vaccine hesitancy phenomenon, considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the ten greatest menaces to public health in the world. Vaccine opposition is a mentality driven by various interests, as old as the vaccine itself, predominantly using the media and social networks, which have an enormous influence on people. They often spread false information about vaccines, frequently with no adequate scientific backing, negatively impacting vaccination rates. To understand the possible correlation between the information spread on social media and childhood vaccination rates, we performed a narrative review on the subject, with a qualitative approach, in original or review articles, indexed in national and international databases and/or journals, in Portuguese and English, published between 2011 and 2021, available in full and free of charge. One hundred and seventy-two articles were extracted from the literature, 49 of which were submitted to analysis. The use of content analysis in a narrative literature review made it possible to interpret the main publications that in the last decade point to the impact of social media as one of the main factors linked to vaccine hesitancy in children. The articles show that communication is presented as a determinant for adherence or vaccine hesitancy, and social media are a useful tool for disseminating information that can influence and mobilize the population, promoting its acceptance or having a negative impact on childhood vaccine coverage rates. Social Media has become fertile ground for the creation and spread of fake news, hence the importance of the health professional's engagement in strengthening the population's confidence in relation to immunization, minimizing vaccine hesitancy.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinicopathological, and prognostic features of acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region. AciCC cases were retrospectively retrieved from 11 pathology centers of three different countries. Medical records were examined to extract demographic, clinical, pathologic, and follow-up information. A total of 75 cases were included. Females (65.33%) with a mean age of 45.51 years were mostly affected. The lesions usually presented as an asymptomatic (64.28%) nodule (95.66%) in the parotid gland (70.68%). The association of two histopathological patterns was the most common finding (48.93%) and the tumors presented mainly conventional histopathological grades (86.11%). Surgical treatment was performed in the majority of the cases (59.19%). Local recurrence was observed in 20% of the informed cases, regional metastasis in 30.43%, and distant metastasis in 12.50%. The statistical analysis showed that the cases with a solid histopathological pattern (p=0.01), high-grade transformation (p=0.008), recurrence (p=0.007), and regional metastasis (p=0.03) were associated with poor survival. In conclusion, high histopathological transformation, presence of nodal metastasis, and recurrence were prognostic factors for AciCC of the oral and maxillofacial region.

ABSTRACT Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from other febrile diseases is one of several challenges imposed by the pandemic. We present a case of severe malaria and COVID-19 coinfection in a non-malaria-endemic region. A 44-year-old female with malaise, fever, hypotension, jaundice, and enlarged liver and spleen was admitted to the intensive care unit. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were positive. Rapid tests, microscopy, and quantitative PCR were positive for Plasmodium vivax. Cytokine storm profiles were identified. We could not determine whether the severe vivax malaria in our patient was triggered by COVID-19 coinfection.

Abstract Different degrees in the biological activities of Canavalia rosea had been previously reported . In this study, our group assessed the cardioprotective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction (EAcF) of the Canavalia rosea leaves. Firstly, it was confirmed, by in vitro approach, that the EAcF has high antioxidant properties due to the presence of important secondary metabolites, as flavonoids. In order to explore their potential protector against cardiovascular disorders, hearts were previously perfused with EAcF (300 μg.mL-1) and submitted to the global ischemia followed by reperfusion in Langendorff system. The present findings have demonstrated that EAcF restored the left ventricular developed pressure and decreased the arrhythmias severity index. Furthermore, EAcF significantly increased the glutathiones peroxidase activity with decreased malondialdehyde and creatine kinase levels. EAcF was effective upon neither the superoxide dismutase, glutationes reductase nor the catalase activities. In addition, the Western blot analysis revealed that ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly upregulates caspase 3 protein expression, while EAcF abolishes this effect. These results provide evidence that the EAcF reestablishes the cardiac contractility and prevents arrhythmias; it is suggested that EAcF could be used to reduce injury caused by cardiac reperfusion. However more clinical studies should be performed, before applying it in the clinic.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabesity is characterized as a simultaneous condition of type 02 diabetes and obesity. Among the aspects that influence the development of diabetes, the time in sedentary behavior and the time of physical activity are important risk factors. Objectives: To estimate cut-off points for time spent in sedentary behavior and physical activity as a discriminator of the presence of diabesity and to evaluate the predictive ability of WC and PA to identify this condition in quilombola adults. Methodology: this is a cross-sectional study with a sample composed of 332 adults (age ≥ 50 years), participants in the study of the Epidemiological Profile of Quilombolas from Bahia living in the micro-region of Guanambi, Brazil. The data were obtained by means of interviews and anthropometric evaluation. Sociodemographic and lifestyle information (physical activity and sedentary behavior) were included. To analyze the cut-off point of Sedentary Behavior as a predictor of diabesity, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used. Results: Time in sedentary behavior >120 min/day and time in physical activity <240 min/week were the best cut-off points for discriminating diabesity in quilombola, with area under the ROC curve of 0.62, 95% CI (0.56-0.67) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.55-0.67), respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that time in sedentary behavior and time in physical activity showed a good ability to discriminate the presence of diabesity among quilombola adults.

RESUMO Introdução: A Diabesidade caracteriza-se como uma condição simultânea de diabetes tipo 02 e obesidade. Dentre os aspectos que influenciam o desenvolvimento da diabesidade, o tempo em comportamento sedentário e o tempo de atividade física apresentam-se como importantes fatores de risco. Objetivos: estimar pontos de corte para o tempo em comportamento sedentário e atividade física como discriminador de presença de diabesidade e avaliar a capacidade preditiva do CS e AF para identificar essa condição em adultos quilombolas. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra composta por 332 adultos (idade ≥ 50 anos), participantes do estudo de Perfil Epidemiológico dos Quilombolas baianos residentes na microrregião de Guanambi, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas e avaliação antropométrica. Foram incluídas informações sociodemográficas e estilo de vida (atividade física e comportamento sedentário). Para a análise do ponto de corte do Comportamento Sedentário e o tempo de atividade física como preditores de diabesidade, foi utilizada a curva Receiver Opereting Characteristic (ROC). Resultados: Tempo em comportamento sedentário >120 min/dia e tempo de atividade física >240 min/semana foram os melhores pontos de corte para discriminar a diabesidade em quilombola, com área sob a curva ROC de 0,62, IC 95% (0,56-0,67) e 0,62 (IC 95%: 0,55-0,67), respectivamente. Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram que o tempo em comportamento sedentário e atividade física apresentaram uma boa capacidade para discriminar a presença de diabesidade entre adultos quilombolas.

ABSTRACT Salt stress affects the development of several crops, being one of the limiting factors for irrigated agriculture in the semiarid region, where nitrogen and potassium fertilization can be an alternative for agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of using water with different salinities associated with varying amounts of nitrogen and potassium fertilization in the production of seedlings of the guava cultivar Paluma in an experiment conducted in experimental areas of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region (UFERSA), campus of Caraúbas. The research was carried out from February to June 2021. The study was set up in a randomized block design and analyzed in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme with four replicates, and two plants per plot. Treatments were established by combining different levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw): 0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1, with Combinations (C) of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K2O) levels of recommended fertilization: C1 = 70% N + 50% K2O, C2 = 100% N + 75% K2O, C3 = 130% N + 100% K2O, and C4 = 160% N + 125% K2O. Irrigation with electrical conductivity levels up to 2.1 dS m-1 favored seedling growth for the guava cv. Paluma. Fertilization combinations C1 and C2 promoted the greatest increases in growth and biomass for guava seedlings cv. Paluma 125 days after sowing. Fertilizer combinations did not mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress from irrigation water on the production of young guava cv. Paluma.

RESUMO O estresse salino afeta o desenvolvimento de diversas culturas, sendo um dos fatores limitantes para a agricultura irrigada no semiárido, onde a adubação nitrogenada e potássica pode ser uma alternativa para a produção agrícola da região. Com esse trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade do uso de água com diferentes salinidades associada a diferentes adubações nitrogenadas e potássicas na produção de mudas da goiabeira cultivar Paluma. O experimento foi conduzido em áreas experimentais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), Campus Caraúbas. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de fevereiro a junho de 2021. O estudo foi montado em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Foi utilizado um esquema fatorial 5 × 4, que combinou cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa): 0,3, 1,1, 1,9, 2,7 e 3,5 dS m-1, com combinações (C) de nitrogênio (N) e níveis de potássio (K2O) de adubação recomendada: C1 = 70% N + 50% K2O, C2 = 100% N + 75% K2O, C3= 130% N + 100% K2O e C4= 160% N + 125% K2O. Irrigação com níveis de condutividade elétrica até 2,1 dS m-1 favoreceu o crescimento das mudas da goiabeira cv. Paluma. As adubações C1 e C2 promoveram os maiores incrementos de crescimento e fitomassa para a goiabeira cv. Paluma aos 125 dias após a semeadura. As combinações de adubação não mitigaram os efeitos nocivos do estresse salino da água de irrigação sobre a produção de mudas de goiabeira cv. Paluma.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar uma década do comportamento espaço-temporal da coqueluche no Brasil e as suas características epidemiológicas. Métodos: estudo ecológico de série temporal dos casos e óbitos por coqueluche do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no Brasil (2010-2019). Utilizou-se o método de análise linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten e a análise de Kernel. Resultados: notificaram-se 32.849 casos, desses 466 (1,42%) evoluíram para óbito, com prevalência de 1,63/100.000 habitantes e coeficiente de mortalidade de 0,023/100.000 habitantes. Na análise temporal, evidenciou-se o comportamento cíclico da coqueluche com variações de tendência no período em 2014. A maioria dos casos ocorreu em menores de 1 ano (60,16%, p<0,01), sexo feminino (55,28%, p=0,066) e brancos (48,42%, p=0,14). A maior parcela dos óbitos foi em crianças <1 ano (98,07, p<0,01), sexo feminino (56,01%, p=0,066) e brancos (43,78%, p=0,14). No Kernel da prevalência, destacaram-se as regiões Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste com alta densidade; enquanto para mortalidade, sobressaíram-se Sudeste e Nordeste. Conclusão: observou-se o comportamento cíclico da coqueluche, com tendência de decréscimo nos últimos anos e a concentração de casos no público infantil. O que reforça a importância de fortalecer o processo de imunização da população.

Abstract Objectives: to analyze a decade of spatio-temporal behavior of pertussis in Brazil and its epidemiological characteristics. Methods: ecological time series study of pertussis cases and deaths from the Notifable Diseases Information System in Brazil (2010-2019). The method of generalized linear analysis of Prais-Winsten and the Kernel analysis were used. Results: 32,849 cases were reported, of which 466 (1.42%) evolved to death, with a prevalence of 1.63/100,000 inhabitants and a mortality rate of 0.023/100,000 inhabitants. In the temporal analysis, the cyclical behavior of pertussis was evidenced, with trend variations in the period in 2014. Most cases occurred in children under 1 year of age (60.16%, p<0.01), sex female (55.28%, p=0.066) and white (48.42%, p=0.14). The largest share of deaths was in children aged <1 year (98.07, p<0.01), females (56.01%, p=0.066) and whites (43.78%, p=0.14). In the Kernel of prevalence, the South, Southeast and Northeast regions stood out with high density; while for mortality, the Southeast and Northeast stood out. Conclusions: the cyclical behavior of pertussis was observed, with a decreasing trend in recent years and the concentration of cases in children. This reinforces the importance of strengthening the population’s immunization process.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o uso de hormônios não prescritos entre travestis e mulheres transexuais (TrMT) na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal onde se utilizou a metodologia RDS (respondent driven sampling) para recrutar TrMT entre 2014 e 2016, em Salvador e sua Região Metropolitana. Foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre condições sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de afirmação de gênero com o uso de hormônios. Os dados ponderados pelo estimador RDS-II. Utilizou-se o programa Stata, versão 14, para análises estatísticas. Foram recrutadas 127 TrMT. Da amostra estudada, 69,1% das participantes fizeram uso de hormônios não prescritos, o que esteve associado ao uso de silicone líquido industrial e ao relato de satisfação corporal. As TrMT que estavam confortáveis com o pênis e que sentiam prazer com o mesmo apresentaram menor probabilidade de uso de hormônio. As participantes soropositivas para HIV reportaram maior proporção de uso de hormônio. O uso não prescrito de hormônios foi utilizado pela maioria das TrMT. É provável que esse uso esteja associado a uma melhor satisfação com a autoimagem e com o corpo entre as TrMT. Verificou-se o uso em elevadas quantidades desses medicamentos e de maneira exacerbada, provavelmente devido ao pouco acesso aos serviços de saúde pública.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the use of non-prescribed hormones among travestis and transgender women (TrTGW) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. This cross-sectional study used the Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) methodology to recruit TrTGW from 2014 to 2016 in Salvador and the Metropolitan Region. A comparative analysis was carried out between sociodemographic, behavioral, and gender declaration conditions using hormones. The RDS-II estimator weighted the data. Stata version 14 was used for statistical analyses. One hundred twenty-seven TrTGW were recruited. From the studied sample, 69.1% of participants used non-prescribed hormones, which was associated with industrial liquid silicone use and body satisfaction. The TrTGW who were comfortable with the penis and felt pleasure with the penis used hormone less. The seropositive participants reported a higher proportion of hormone use. The non-prescribed use of hormones was used by most TrTGW. This use is likely associated with better satisfaction with self-image and body among TrTGW. Elevated and exacerbated use of these hormones was identified, probably due to the rare access to public health services.

ABSTRACT Although technically simple, surgical correction of patent ductus arteriosus can have serious complications. In this context, acute ventricular failure must be remembered, as its prompt diagnosis and proper management can change clinical outcomes.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o uso de hormônios não prescritos entre travestis e mulheres transexuais (TrMT) na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal onde se utilizou a metodologia RDS (respondent driven sampling) para recrutar TrMT entre 2014 e 2016, em Salvador e sua Região Metropolitana. Foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre condições sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de afirmação de gênero com o uso de hormônios. Os dados ponderados pelo estimador RDS-II. Utilizou-se o programa Stata, versão 14, para análises estatísticas. Foram recrutadas 127 TrMT. Da amostra estudada, 69,1% das participantes fizeram uso de hormônios não prescritos, o que esteve associado ao uso de silicone líquido industrial e ao relato de satisfação corporal. As TrMT que estavam confortáveis com o pênis e que sentiam prazer com o mesmo apresentaram menor probabilidade de uso de hormônio. As participantes soropositivas para HIV reportaram maior proporção de uso de hormônio. O uso não prescrito de hormônios foi utilizado pela maioria das TrMT. É provável que esse uso esteja associado a uma melhor satisfação com a autoimagem e com o corpo entre as TrMT. Verificou-se o uso em elevadas quantidades desses medicamentos e de maneira exacerbada, provavelmente devido ao pouco acesso aos serviços de saúde pública.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the use of non-prescribed hormones among travestis and transgender women (TrTGW) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. This cross-sectional study used the Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) methodology to recruit TrTGW from 2014 to 2016 in Salvador and the Metropolitan Region. A comparative analysis was carried out between sociodemographic, behavioral, and gender declaration conditions using hormones. The RDS-II estimator weighted the data. Stata version 14 was used for statistical analyses. One hundred twenty-seven TrTGW were recruited. From the studied sample, 69.1% of participants used non-prescribed hormones, which was associated with industrial liquid silicone use and body satisfaction. The TrTGW who were comfortable with the penis and felt pleasure with the penis used hormone less. The seropositive participants reported a higher proportion of hormone use. The non-prescribed use of hormones was used by most TrTGW. This use is likely associated with better satisfaction with self-image and body among TrTGW. Elevated and exacerbated use of these hormones was identified, probably due to the rare access to public health services.

Abstract Phenological information contribute to silvicultural actions and conservation strategies. Here, we carried out the phenological monitoring of six tree species that were prominent in the structure of an open ombrophilous forest fragment in northeastern Brazil. Over two years, among September 2015 and August 2017, eight individuals of each species (48 trees in total) were visited every two weeks to record the reproductive and leaf phenophases, following the Fournier intensity scale. We calculated the intraspecific synchrony of the phenophases and the correlation of the phenophases of each species with meteorological variables (temperature, air precipitation and photoperiod). The species showed synchronous characteristics for the phenophases. Precipitation stood out in terms of a higher frequency of significant relationships with the reproductive phenophases. The results indicates that the end of the dry season is the most favorable period for seed collection and the monitoring of dispersers in this type of tropical forest.

RESUMO: Esta pesquisa avaliou os efeitos da irrigação no crescimento e na produtividade da mandioca irrigada nos Tabuleiros Costeiros alagoanos. O plantio foi feito em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram níveis de irrigação em função da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETC (L0 = 0% (sequeiro), L1 = 40%, L2 = 80%, L3 = 120%, L4 = 160% e L5 = 200% da ETC). A lâmina total foi definida como o total da irrigação mais a chuva efetiva. A evapotranspiração anual da cultura da mandioca nos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Alagoas é 1.030 mm. O crescimento das plantas aumentou significativamente com a irrigação e os valores máximos das seguintes variáveis são: índice de área foliar = 7,6; comprimento de raízes comerciais = 49 cm; produtividades (física e econômica) máximas de raízes comerciais = 94 t ha-1 e biomassa total = 149 t ha-1 e o índice de colheita = 0,66, todos obtidos com lâminas de irrigação totais (chuva efetiva mais irrigação) entre 817 e 963 mm. Por fim, ratifica-se que entender o crescimento, as produtividades agrícola e economicamente viáveis da mandioca irrigada, é fator indispensável para se fazer um bom manejo da cultura, principalmente, em regiões com irregularidade de chuvas como o nordeste brasileiro.

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated the effects of the irrigation on growth and productivity of irrigated cassava in the Coastal Plateaus of Alagoas. The planting was done in randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were irrigation levels in function of crop evapotranspiration - ETC (L0 = 0% (rainfed), L1 = 40%, L2 = 80%, L3 = 120%, L4 = 160% and L5 = 200% of ETC). The total water applied was defined as the total irrigation plus the effective rain. The annual evapotranspiration of the cassava plantations in the Costal Plateaus of Alagoas, was 1,030 mm. Plant growth increased significantly with irrigation and the maximum values of the following variables are: leaf area index = 7.6, length of commercial roots = 49 cm, maximum productivity (physical and economic) of commercial roots = 94 Mg ha-1 and total biomass = 149 Mg ha-1 and the harvest index = 0.66, all obtained with total irrigation depths (effective rain plus irrigation) between 817 and 963 mm. Finally, it is ratified that understanding the growth, the agricultural and economically viable productivity of irrigated cassava, is an indispensable factor for good management of the crop, especially in regions with irregular rainfall such as the Northeast of Brazil.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of immature CD1a+ and mature CD83+ dendritic cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma, to compare immunoreactivity between smokers and nonsmokers, and to correlate the results with histopathological grading. In this observational study, twenty-eight paraffin-embedded biopsies of oral squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively retrieved and submitted to immunohistochemistry for immature CD1a+ and mature CD83+. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. The sample consisted of 18 man (64.3%) and 10 women (35.7%), with a mean age of 64.6 years in the nonsmoker group and 53.2 years in the smoker group. The tongue (11 cases, 39.2%) was the most commonly affected anatomical site, followed by gingiva (6 cases, 21.4%). Histopathological grading revealed 7 low-grade and 7 high-grade malignancy cases in each group, and no correlation with the number of positive DCs. The number of immature CD1a+ was not significantly different between smoker and nonsmoker groups, while a lower number of mature CD83+ was detected in the smoker group (p = 0.001). Smoking changes the oral immune system and decreases the ability to activate and mature dendritic cells, which may influence the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the root canal real length (RL) changes due to the mechanical instrumentation use with different flaring magnitudes. After access cavity, 60 mesial root canals of mandibular molars were randomly separated in three groups: Hyflex EDM (HF; #25/.12, #10/.05 e #25/~), Reciproc Blue (RB; R25), and MTwo (M2; #10/.04, #15/.05, #20/.06 e #25/.06). The RL was defined as the apical limit, and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigating solution was chosen. After the access cavity (RL 1), cervical flaring (RL 2), and complete chemical-mechanical preparation (RL 3), the RL was evaluated. The RL was evaluated by a blind examiner with the aid of a microscope (16x) placing the endodontic file stop at the coronary reference. When comparing length measurements, the RL was shorter before instrumentation than that after instrumentation. A reduction of 0.65 mm (HF), 0.61 mm (RB), and 0.48 mm (M2) was observed. However, among groups, no statistical differences were found (p > 0.05). Under the conditions tested, it can be inferred that all mechanical systems provoked RL variations, which emphasizes the need for constant verification of the odontometry, mainly before root canal obturation.