Abstract The mission of intensive care is to restore the baseline health situation free of severe disability by following the bioethical principle of beneficence, respecting the dignity and willingness of the patient to be treated what would be to attend to the bioethical principle of autonomy, and doing all this in a manner appropriate to the best current, fair and sustainable evidence, taking into account the principles of non-maleficence and justice. When it is not possible, it is when professionals have the ethical obligation to initiate a dialogue in a respectful and prudent manner with the patient and / or the family and the rest of the professionals involved (primary care, nursing, specialists ... etc.) Face to reach a consensus on limiting life support treatments and / or adapt care and continue treatment with a therapeutic plan of care aimed at comfort, symptom control and improving the quality of life (Palliative Care Plan) to preserve the dignity of the patient, avoid suffering and provide a compassionate support and support during the death process if the same were given to the patient and the family with the utmost care and respect in a framework of humanization of health. Addressing the end of life in an excellent way means dignifying the people who are going through this process, providing an extraordinary value of humanity and must be a current priority in our daily work in the intensive care units.

Resum La finalitat de la vigilància intensiva és restaurar la situació basal de salut lliure de discapacitat severa atenent al principi bioètic de beneficència, respectant la dignitat i voluntat del pacient de ser tractat, cosa que vindria a ser atendre al principi bioètic d'autonomia, i realitzant tot això d'una forma adequada a la millor evidència actual, justa i sostenible, atesos els principis de no maleficència i de justícia. Quan tot això no és possible és quan els professionals tenen l'obligació ètica d'iniciar un diàleg de manera respectuosa i prudent amb el pacient i/o la família i amb la resta de professionals implicats (atenció primària, infermeria, especialistes...etc.) de cara a arribar a un consens sobre limitar els tractaments de suport vital i/o adequar les cures i continuar el tractament amb un pla terapèutic de cures dirigides al confort, el control de símptomes i a millorar la qualitat de vida (Pla de Cures Pal·liatives) per a preservar la dignitat del pacient, evitar el sofriment i proporcionar-li un tractament compassiu de suport i acompanyament durant el procés de mort, atenent el pacient i a la família amb la màxima cura i respecte en un marc d'humanització de la salut. Atendre de forma excel·lent el final de la vida significa dignificar les persones que estan passant per aquest procés, aportar un valor extraordinari d'humanitat i ha de ser un objectiu prioritari actual en el nostre quefer diari en les unitats de vigilància intensiva.

Resumen La misión de los cuidados intensivos es restaurar la situación basal de salud libre de discapacidad severa atendiendo al principio bioético de beneficencia, respetando la dignidad y voluntad del paciente de ser tratado lo que vendría a ser atender al principio bioético de autonomía, y realizando todo esto de una forma adecuada a la mejor evidencia actual, justa y sostenible atendiendo a los principios de no maleficencia y de justicia. Cuando no es posible es cuando los profesionales tienen la obligación ética de iniciar un diálogo de manera respetuosa y prudente con el paciente y/o la familia y el resto de profesionales implicados (atención primaria, enfermería, especialistas...etc.) de cara a llegar a un consenso sobre limitar los tratamientos de soporte vital y/o adecuar los cuidados y continuar el tratamiento con un plan terapéutico de cuidados dirigidos al confort, control de síntomas y a mejorar la calidad de vida (Plan de cuidados paliativos) para preservar la dignidad del paciente, evitar el sufrimiento y proporcionar un tratamiento compasivo de soporte y acompañamiento durante el proceso de muerte si se diera el mismo atendiendo al paciente y a la familia con el máximo cuidado y respeto en un marco de humanización de la salud. Atender de forma excelente el final de la vida significa dignificar a las personas que están pasando por ese proceso, aportar un valor extraordinario de humanidad y debe ser un objetivo prioritario actual en nuestro quehacer diario en las unidades de cuidados intensivos.

Abstract A new species of smooth clam shrimp (Branchiopoda: Laevicaudata) from Mongolia and China is described here based on both morphological and genetic differences. The new species, Lynceus grossipedia n. sp., has unique features, including asymmetrically modified male thoracopods (left side thoracopods III-VI), male claspers “movable finger” (=endopod) with delicate setation, and broad, bicarinate male and female rostrum. Lynceus grossipedia n. sp. is compared with the genera Paralimnetis Gurney, 1931 and Lynceiopsis Daday, 1912 and a recently described Lynceus Müller, 1776 from China, also showing modified male thoracopods. Lynceus mandsuricus Daday, 1927 is declared nomen inquirendum. DNA barcoding has not previously been applied on smooth clam shrimp taxonomy, so we generated new cytochrome c oxidase (COX1) data for 10 Lynceus species in order to explore its usefulness for Laevicaudata. Previous Laevicaudata sequences in GenBank were scarce (~50) and biased, with 62% (n=31) being assigned to a single taxon (i.e., Lynceus macleayanus) and 28% (n=14) not assigned to species. Based on the addition of new barcoding data and the comparison with GenBank data for other clam shrimps, we conclude that distance thresholds between species (=barcoding gap) are similar for all three suborders (Spinicaudata, Cyclestherida, and Laevicaudata).

Resumo: A representação da informação tem sido realizada em diversos domínios, um deles o domínio bibliográfico, onde está pautada em instrumentos, princípios, modelos e tecnologias, tais como os padrões de metadados e as codificações. Entre os padrões de metadados utilizados nesse domínio, estão os Formatos MARC 21, com origens na década de 1960. Considerando o amplo uso desses padrões, tem-se por objetivo (1) destacar os propósitos que conduziram à criação dos Formatos MARC 21, (2) apresentar as características da codificação dos registros nesses formatos e (3) discutir as principais críticas sobre sua situação atual. Para tanto, é realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a origem do MARC e seu desenvolvimento até o MARC 21 e sobre a codificação de registros. Assim, é apresentada a codificação com a XML e o esquema MARCXML, bem como críticas aos Formatos MARC 21. Conclui-se que, apesar das críticas, os Formatos MARC 21 continuam sendo amplamente utilizados e disseminados e que, apesar das vantagens oferecidas pela XML, a codificação com a norma ISO 2709, criada para o intercâmbio de dados em fitas magnéticas na década de 1960, ainda é utilizada.

Information representation has been done in several domains, one of which is the bibliographic domain, where information representation is based on instruments, principles, models and technologies, such as metadata standards and encodings. Among the standards used in the bibliographic domain, there are MARC 21 Formats that were created in 1960s. Considering the widespread use of these standards, we aim to (1) highlight the purposes that led to the creation of MARC 21 Formats, (2) present the features of record encoding in these standards and (3) discuss the main criticism about their current situation. To achieve these goals, we conducted a literature review about the origins of MARC and its development for MARC 21 and also about records encoding. Thus, we present the encoding with the XML and the MARCXML schema, as well as the criticism about MARC 21 Formats. We conclude that, despite the criticism, MARC 21 Formats are still widespread used and disseminated. We also conclude that, despite the advantages offered by XML, the encoding with ISO 2709, created for data interchange by using magnetic tape in 1960s, is still used.