RESUMO Contexto Currículo Baseado em Desfechos ajuda a comunicar as expectativas de desempenho entre alunos e professores. O Miniexercício de Avaliação Clínica (Miniex) é uma ferramenta útil para avaliação formativa no local de trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo foi usar avaliação em cenários reais de prática e feedback dos alunos para qualificar um programa de internato médico em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (GO). Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal com docentes e estudantes do internato médico em GO. O Miniex foi introduzido no sistema de avaliação de estágio adicionado a testes de perguntas de múltipla escolha (MCQ). Esta ferramenta avalia a coleta de histórico, o exame físico, o julgamento clínico, o profissionalismo e o humanismo, além da escala global no final do teste. No final da rotação de quatro meses, questionários foram aplicados para coletar a percepção do aluno sobre a aquisição de habilidades durante o programa. Os resultados do Miniex, o teste de MCQ e as respostas aos questionários foram comparados para determinar a medida em que os objetivos de aprendizagem foram alcançados. Resultados Três docentes avaliaram 84 estudantes de Medicina usando Miniex ao longo do estágio de quatro meses. As pontuações médias para exame físico e habilidades de julgamento clínico foram menores em comparação com as habilidades de anamnese e aconselhamento. Com base na percepção dos alunos, o preparo para exame físico e o aconselhamento foram classificados como “inadequados”, especialmente quanto à divulgação de más notícias. A correlação bivariada entre as habilidades do Miniex e os escores do teste MCQ mostrou uma relação positiva (r = 0,27). Apesar de avaliar as diferentes habilidades da pirâmide de Muller, parece haver uma relação entre “knows” e “does”. Essas descobertas ajudaram os coordenadores de internato e docentes a identificar lacunas importantes no programa do estágio. Com base nesses resultados, foi iniciado um treinamento no laboratório de habilidades durante o primeiro mês de rotação para todos os alunos ingressantes, adicionado ao treinamento simulado anterior durante o terceiro ano do curso de Medicina. Conclusões A introdução do Miniex oferece informações críticas para identificar e aprimorar elementos curriculares importantes nos anos clínicos.

ABSTRACT Background An outcome-based curriculum helps to communicate expectations of performance to students and clinical teachers. The Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) is a useful tool for workplace-based formative assessment. The objective of this study was to use workplace-based assessment and student feedback to evaluate an Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob&Gyn) clerkship curriculum. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with faculty members and medical students in an Ob&Gyn clerkship. The Mini-CEX was introduced into the clerkship assessment system, together with multiple choice question (MCQ) tests. This tool evaluates the history collection, physical examination, clinical judgment, professionalism and humanism, and also gives an overall score at the end of the test. At the end of the rotation, questionnaires were used to collect the students’ perceptions about their skills acquisition during the program. The results of the Mini-CEX, the MCQ test, and questionnaire responses were compared, to determine the extent to which learning objectives were achieved. Results three faculty members assessed 84 medical students using the mini-CEX during the four-month clerkship. The scores for the physical examination and clinical judgment skills were lower, compared to those of the interviewing skills. Based on the students’ feedback, ratings for physical examination and counseling preparation were rated as “inadequate”, especially for the topic breaking bad news. The bivariate correlation between the mini-CEX skills and MCQ test scores showed a positive relationship (r = 0.27). Although they assess different skills on the Muller pyramid, there appears to be a relationship between “Knowing” and “Doing”. These findings will help curriculum managers to identify important gaps in the rotation design and delivery. Based on these results, training in the skills workshop during the first month of the rotation was initiated, in addition to previous simulated training during the third year of medical course. Conclusions The introduction of the mini-CEX offers critical information to identify and refine important curriculum elements in the clinical years. Based on this, physical examination and communications skills training were initiated in the skills workshop.

This study evaluated the effect of salt stress on the growth of Lippia gracilis Schauer, a species native to the caatinga (shrublands) of Brazil and rich in essential oils, as well as on the quality of its oil. We exposed individuals of L. gracilis to NaCl, in the following concentrations, for a period of 40 days: 25 mM; 50 mM; 75 mM; and 100 mM. An additional group of plants was not exposed to NaCl (controls). Data were collected on days 20 and 40. We evaluated relative growth rate; shoot and root dry weight; relative water content; proline concentration in leaves; and chemical composition of the essential oil. At all concentrations, NaCl reduced the relative growth rate in comparison with that observed for the controls. No significant difference in relative water content was observed among treatments. In all treatments, the proline concentration in leaves was highest on day 40. Salt stress did not affect the yield or the concentrations of the constituents of the essential oil of L. gracilis, carvacrol and thymol showing the highest concentrations in all treatments.

Este estudo avalia a incidência de formas polimórficas do mebendazol (MBZ) em comprimidos do mercado brasileiro por testes de dissolução. O meio de dissolução indicado pela USP 30 (United States Pharmacopeia) e um meio modificado proposto foram devidamente comparados a fim de verificar se eles são capazes de diferenciar o polimorfo A do polimorfo C em comprimidos comerciais. Ensaios de testes de dissolução de misturas físicas em matérias-primas do polimorfo A e C, assim como de nove comprimidos de MBZ (disponíveis no mercado brasileiro), foram devidamente executados. Para os testes de dissolução, o meio da USP 30 (I) e um meio modificado (II) foram utilizados. O meio modificado permitiu uma reprodutibilidade e controle da qualidade confiável do polimorfismo do MBZ em comprimidos comerciais.

This study evaluates the incidence of the polymorphic forms of mebendazole (MBZ) in tablets within the Brazilian market by dissolution tests. The indicated dissolution medium by the USP 30 (United States Pharmacopoeia) and a proposed modified medium were duly compared in order to verify whether they are able to discriminate the polymorph A from polymorph C in commercial tablets. Dissolution assay tests of physical mixtures in raw materials of polymorph A and polymorph C, as well as of nine tablets of MBZ (available in the Brazilian market), were properly performed. For the dissolution tests, the USP 30 medium (I) and a modified medium (II) were used. The modified medium allowed a reproducible and reliable quality control of MBZ polymorphism in commercial tablets.

Muitas aminas são comumente encontradas em alimentos de origem vegetal e animal, porém apenas um pequeno número é de interesse por produzirem reações adversas se ingeridas e absorvidas no organismo humano. Dentre elas, a histamina e a tiramina podem desencadear sintomas de intoxicação. As algas marinhas são amplamente consumidas pelos povos orientais, e, no Ocidente, seu consumo encontra-se em expansão. O Brasil não tem esta tradição, mas a diversidade de espécies encontradas no litoral brasileiro as torna potencialmente úteis como alimento humano. Para promovê-las com essa finalidade, são necessários estudos químicos e bioquímicos. No presente trabalho, treze espécies de macroalgas marinhas coletadas na praia do Pacheco, no município de Caucaia - CE, foram preliminarmente analisadas quanto à presença de histamina e tiramina por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A identificação destas aminas biogênicas foi feita com base nos tempos de retenção dos padrões comerciais de dicloridrato de histamina e cloridrato de tiramina, comparados com aqueles correspondentes aos mesmos compostos nos extratos algais. Nenhuma das treze espécies estudadas neste trabalho apresentou histamina e/ou tiramina em quantidades capazes de provocar sintomas de intoxicação através do seu consumo.

Many amines are commonly found in food of both animal and vegetable origin, however only a small number is of interest since they produce diverse reactions when ingested and absorbed by humans. Among them, histamine and tyramine can cause intoxication symptoms. Marine algae are consumed widely by the eastern civilizations, and in the West, their consumption is expanding. Brazil does not have this tradition, but the diversity of species found throughout the Brazilian coast line make marine algae potentially useful for human ingestion. For such, it is necessary to perform chemical and biochemical studies. In this study, thirteen species of marine macroalgae were collected from Pacheco beach, on the Atlantic coast of Ceará State, Brazil. Preliminarily, they were analysed for histamine and tyramine using high performance liquid chromatography. These amines were identified by comparing the retention time of standard solutions of histamine dihydrochloride and tyramine hydrochloride with those of the alga extracts. Histamine and/or tyramine have not been found in quantities high enough to cause pharmacological actions in any of the thirteen species of marine macroalgae studied.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) expression and prognosis in prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: TGF-β1 expression levels were analyzed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to amplify RNA that had been isolated from fresh-frozen malignant and benign tissue specimens collected from 89 patients who had clinically localized prostate cancer and had been treated with radical prostatectomy. The control group consisted of li patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. The expression levels of TGF-β1 were compared between the groups in terms of Gleason scores, pathological staging, and prostate-specific antigen serum levels. RESULTS: In the majority of the tumor samples, TGF-β1 was underexpressed 67.0% of PCa patients. The same expression pattern was identified in benign tissues of patients with prostate cancer. Although most cases exhibited underexpression of TGF-β1, a higher expression level was found in patients with Gleason scores >7 when compared to patients with Gleason scores <7(p = 0.002). Among the 26 cases of TGF-β1 overexpression, 92.3% had poor prognostic features. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-β1 was underexpressed in prostate cancers; however, higher expression was observed in tumors with higher Gleason scores, which suggests that TGF-β1 expression may be a useful prognostic marker for prostate cancer. Further studies of clinical specimens are needed to clarify the role of TGF-β1 in prostate carcinogenesis.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar in vitro a atividade dos extratos alcoólicos de Senna alata (L.) Roxb. sobre Monosporascus cannonballus. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial 3 x 6 + 1, sendo constituído por três partes da planta (caule, raiz e vagem), por seis concentrações (0,25; 0,50; 50; 75; 250; 500 ppm ) mais a testemunha, com quatro repetições por tratamento. As variáveis avaliadas foram: taxa de crescimento micelial (TCM), inibição do crescimento micelial (ICM) e área abaixo da curva do crescimento micelial (AACCM). A concentração de 500 ppm foi a mais eficiente, nas três partes vegetais avaliadas. O porcentual de inibição na referida concentração foi de 28,60%, 36,70% e 27,99% para caule, raiz e vagem respectivamente. Diante dos resultados, observa-se que os extratos de S. alata indicam um forte potencial de controle para o fungo Monosporascus cannonballus.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the activity in vitro of the ethanolic extracts of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. over Monosporascus cannonballus. The experimental design was entirely randomized with factorial scheme 3 x 7 + 1, being constituted by three parts of the plant (root, stalk and green bean) for six different concentrations (0.25; 0.50, 50, 75, 250,500 ppm) plus the control, with four repeatitons for treatment. The available variables were: rate of micelial growth (TCM), inhibition of the growth micelial (ICM) and area under the curve of the growth micelial (AACCM). The concentration of 500 ppm was the most efficient ,in the three available vegetal parts. The percentual of inhibition in the concentration was of 28.60%, 36.70% e 27.99% for stalk, root and green bean respectively. Before of the results, the extracts of S. alata display high control potential for Monosporascus cannonballus fungi.

Uma nova saponina triterpênica monodesmosídica, caracterizada como ácido 3beta-O-alfa-L-ramnopiranosil-(1->2)-beta-D-glicopiranosil pomólico, foi isolada de Cordia piauhiensis Fresen (Boraginaceae). Sua estrutura foi determinada através de extensiva análise de métodos de RMN, incluindo os experimentos ¹H, ¹H-COSY, HMQC, HMBC e NOESY. Os triterpenóides ácido quinóvico, ácido cinchólico, ácido 3beta-O-6-deoxi-beta-D-glicopiranosídeo cinchólico e 3beta-O-beta-D-glicopiranosídeo quinóvico foram também isolados.

A new monodesmoside triterpenoid saponin characterized as 3beta-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl pomolic acid, was isolated from Cordia piauhiensis Fresen (Boraginaceae). Its structure was determined by extensive NMR analysis, including ¹H, ¹H-COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY experiments. In addition, four known triterpenoids: quinovic acid, cincholic acid, cincholic 3beta-O-6-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside acid and quinovic 3beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside acid were also isolated.

Duas novas e duas conhecidas saponinas triterpênicas foram isoladas da casca do caule de Pentaclethra macroloba. As estruturas foram determinadas usando uma combinação de técnicas de RMN homo- (1D: RMN¹H, RMN13C-{¹H}, RMN13C-DEPT135; 2D: ¹H-¹H-COSY, ¹H-¹H-TOCSY, ¹H-¹H-NOESY) and heteronuclear 2D (HMQC and HMBC), espectros de massas obtidos com ionização por pulverização eletrônica (ESIMS) e métodos químicos. As estruturas das duas novas saponinas triterpênicas foram estabelecidas como 3beta-O-{[beta-D-glicopiranosil-(1->3)-alfa-L-ramnopiranosil-(1->2)],beta-D-glicopiranosil- (1->4)}-alfa-L-arabinopiranosilhederagenina (3) e ácido 3beta-O-{[beta-D-glicopiranosil-(1->4)-beta-D-glicopiranosil-(1->3)-alfa-L-ramnopiranosil- (1->2)],beta-D-glicopiranosil(1->4)}-alfa-L-arabinopiranosiloleanólico (4).

Two new and two known triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the stem bark of Pentaclethra macroloba. Their structures were determined using a combination of homo- (1D ¹H NMR, 13C NMR-HBBD and 13C NMR-DEPT) and heteronuclear 2D NMR techniques (¹H-¹H-COSY, ¹H-¹H-TOCSY, ¹H-¹H-NOESY, HMQC and HMBC), ESIMS and chemical methods. The structures of the two new pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins were established as 3beta-O-{[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)],beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1->4)}-alpha-L-arabinopyranosylhederagenin (3) and 3beta-O-{[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1->2)],beta-D- glucopyranosyl(1->4)}-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyloleanolic acid (4).