Abstract The common bean is characterized by high sensitivity to drought and low productivity. Breeding for drought resistance in this species involves genes of different genetic groups. In this work, we used a SEA 5 x AND 277 cross to map quantitative trait loci associated with drought tolerance in order to assess the factors that determine the magnitude of drought response in common beans. A total of 438 polymorphic markers were used to genotype the F8 mapping population. Phenotyping was done in two greenhouses, one used to simulate drought and the other to simulate irrigated conditions. Fourteen traits associated with drought tolerance were measured to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The map was constructed with 331 markers that covered all 11 chromosomes and had a total length of 1515 cM. Twenty-two QTLs were discovered for chlorophyll, leaf and stem fresh biomass, leaf biomass dry weight, leaf temperature, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight, days to flowering, dry pod weight and total yield under well-watered and drought (stress) conditions. All the QTLs detected under drought conditions showed positive effects of the SEA 5 allele. This study provides a better understanding of the genetic inheritance of drought tolerance in common bean.

Abstract Angular leaf spot (ALS) and powdery mildew (PWM) are two important fungi diseases causing significant yield losses in common beans. In this study, a new genetic linkage map was constructed using single sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in a segregating population derived from the AND 277 x SEA 5 cross, with 105 recombinant inbred lines. Phenotypic evaluations were performed in the greenhouse to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance by means of the composite interval mapping analysis. Four QTLs were identified for ALS resistance. The QTL ALS11AS, linked on the SNP BAR 5054, mapped on chromosome Pv11, showed the greatest effect (R2 = 26.5%) on ALS phenotypic variance. For PWM resistance, two QTLs were detected, PWM2AS and PWM11AS, on Pv2 and Pv11, explaining 7% and 66% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Both QTLs on Pv11 were mapped on the same genomic region, suggesting that it is a pleiotropic region. The present study resulted in the identification of new markers closely linked to ALS and PWM QTLs, which can be used for marker-assisted selection, fine mapping and positional cloning.

There is growing interest in studies on sanitizers other than chlorine that can maintain the quality of organic products without affecting their phytochemical content. The effects of using chlorinated and ozonized water treatments, as sanitizing procedures, on the post-harvest quality of organic and conventional broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) cv. Italica was evaluated. The biochemical parameters (chlorophyll, polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity) of the broccoli samples were analyzed at day 0 (arrival of the plant from the field, original features), and 1, 4 and 7 days after harvest. The polyamine analysis was performed on arrival of the plant from the field and on the first and seventh days. The cultivation procedure influenced polyphenol, vitamin C and total chlorophyll content, and the highest value was observed in organic broccoli after the fourth day. Flavenoid content was higher in organic broccoli. The use of ozone appears not to have had an influence on the amount of polyphenolic, flavonoids and vitamin C during storage. Total chlorophyll content was less affected by ozonized water than by the chlorine treatment as at the first and fourth days of storage. The highest content of putrescine was found in conventional broccoli, while the highest levels of spermidine and spermine were found in organic broccoli. Antioxidant capacity was highest in organic broccoli after day 4 of storage and was affected by the bioactive compounds analyzed. Methods of cultivation influenced natural antioxidant and chlorophyll contents in broccoli under cold storage.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a conservação pós-colheita de manga Tommy Atkins tratada com diferentes concentrações de 1-MCP, armazenada sob refrigeração. Os tratamentos foram compostos de diferentes concentrações de 1-MCP: 0; 100; 300 e 600 nL.L-¹ sendo armazenados por 12 horas em câmaras isoladas vedadas à temperatura de 25°C; após abertura da câmara, os frutos foram armazenados nas temperaturas de 25°C com 75±5% de UR e 10°C com 70±5% de UR, por 28 dias. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 6 x 2. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições por tratamento, com cinco frutos por parcela. As variáveis analisadas foram: perda de massa, firmeza, vitamina C, açúcares totais e redutores e carotenoides. Nas condições em que o experimento foi conduzido, pode-se concluir que: as aplicações em pós-colheita de 1-MCP em manga Tommy Atkins foi eficiente em retardar o metabolismo de maturação dos frutos; o 1-MCP associado à refrigeração foi eficiente em manter os frutos armazenados por 28 dias de vida útil; a concentração de 600 nL.L-1 de 1-MCP foi considerada a mais eficiente em retardar o amadurecimento do fruto nas temperaturas de 10 e 25°C.

The present study had the objective of evaluating the post-harvest conservation of 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes, treated with different concentrations of 1-MCP, stored under refrigeration. The treatments were several concentrations of 1-MCP, 0, 100, 300 and 600 nL L-1, for 12 hours in isolated chambers at temperature of 25°C. After opening the chambers, fruits were stored at temperatures of 25° C, 75±5% of RH and 10° C, 70± 5% of RH for 28 days. The experimental design was a completely randomized in a factorial 4 x 6 x 2. Four repetitions were used per treatment, with five fruits per plot. The analyzed variables were the loss of mass, the firmness, the vitamin C, the total and reducer sugars and the carotenoids contents. Under the conditions in which the experiment was carried out, it can be concluded that: post-harvest applications of 1-MCP on 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes were effective in reducing the physiological metabolism of fruits maturation; 1-MCP and refrigeration associated were effective in keeping fruits stored for 28 days after harvesting; the 1-MCP concentration of 600 nL L-1 was considered the most efficient in reducing the ripening of fruits at 10°C and 25°C.

OBJETIVO: Realizar o levantamento das queixas vocais e grau de disfonia encontradas em professoras de uma Escola Municipal da Cidade de Betim. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada coleta de dados de 13 professoras do ensino fundamental, com idade entre 20 a 50 anos (média de 36 anos) e carga horária mínima de 20 horas semanais, por meio de questionário aplicado e gravação de voz, no programa de análise acústica GRAM 5.7. Os dados foram analisados e as vozes classificadas por três fonoaudiólogas com experiência clínica na área, mínima de cinco anos. RESULTADOS: Das professoras incluídas no estudo, 30,77% apresentaram qualidade vocal sem alteração, 23,08% apresentaram disfonia discreta, 46,15% disfonia moderada e nenhuma apresentou disfonia severa. Intervalos de confiança de 95% estimaram proporções mínimas de 6,6% de professoras com disfonia discreta e 22,39% com disfonia moderada na população de referência. Independentemente do tipo de queixa vocal, o número total de queixas entre as professoras com disfonia moderada foi significantemente maior do que entre professoras sem alterações de voz. Não houve, no entanto, diferenças entre os grupos na distribuição das queixas específicas, quando estas foram analisadas isoladamente. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos professores da amostra apresentou qualidade vocal alterada, sendo o grau moderado o mais frequente. Queixas específicas parecem se distribuir igualmente entre professoras com e sem alteração de voz. Os resultados apontam a importância de projetos de saúde vocal para esta população.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to survey vocal complaints and degree of dysphonia among teachers from a public elementary school at Betim, MG (Brazil). METHODS: Thirteen elementary school teachers with ages between 20 and 50 years (mean of 36 years old), who taught at least 20 hours a week, participated in the study. Data were obtained using a questionnaire and voice recording, analyzed on the GRAM 5.7 acoustic analysis program. After acoustic analysis, the voices were perceptually analyzed and classified by three speech therapists with at least five years of clinical experience in the area. RESULTS: From the selected teachers, 30.77% showed normal voice quality, while 23.08% were considered to have mild dysphonia and 46.15% moderate dysphonia. None of the subjects showed severe dysphonia. Confidence intervals of 95% provided estimations of a minimum of 6.6% of teachers with discrete dysphonia and 22.39% with moderate dysphonia in the population of reference. Regardless of the type of vocal complaint, the total number of complaints among teachers with moderate dysphonia was significantly higher than among teachers with normal voice quality. Nevertheless, there were no differences between groups in the distribution of specific complaints, when these were individually analyzed. CONCLUSION: The majority of the teachers in this study had altered vocal quality, mostly being classified with moderated degree dysphonia. Specific vocal complaints appear to be equally distributed among teachers with normal voice and with dysphonia. Results point out the importance of vocal health projects directed to this population.