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1.
Avaliação dos níveis séricos de hormônios tireoidianos em araras (Ara spp.) pelo método de quimioluminescência
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Vieira, K.R.A.
; Cubas, Z.S.
; Moraes, W. de
; Dislich, M.
; Oliva, L.R.
; Lobo Júnior, A.R.
; Santana, M.I.S.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
- Journal Metrics
RESUMO Este trabalho investigou a eficiência do método de quimioluminescência para obtenção das concentrações séricas de hormônios tireoidianos em 23 exemplares de araras [Ara ararauna (n=12) e Ara chloropterus (n=11)], de ambos os sexos [machos (n=11) e fêmeas (n=12)], mantidas em cativeiro. Os valores de T4 total, T4 livre, T3 livre e TSH variaram, respectivamente, de 0,3 a 2,5µg/dL (média=0,94µg/dL), 0,11 a 0,46ɳg/dL (média=0,28ɳg/dL), 1,46 a 3,59pg/mL (média= 2,42pg/mL) e 0,01 a 0,12µUI/mL (média=0,04µUI/mL). Houve interação entre espécie e sexo (P<0,05) sobre as concentrações de T4 total: os machos possuem maiores valores do que as fêmeas de Ara ararauna, enquanto as fêmeas de Ara chloropterus dispõem de níveis mais altos do que os machos desta espécie. Efeito de sexo não foi observado (P>0,05) para os valores de T4 livre, T3 livre e TSH, mas o efeito de espécie foi constatado (P<0,05) para as concentrações de T3 livre. Neste caso, as concentrações de T3 livre são menores em Ara ararauna do que em Ara chloropterus. Os intervalos de referência obtidos sugerem que é possível mensurar as concentrações séricas de hormônios tireoidianos em araras pelo método de quimioluminescência, devendo-se considerar variações relevantes entre diferentes espécies e sexos.
ABSTRACT This paper investigated the efficiency of chemiluminescence in obtaining serum concentrations of thyroid hormones in twenty-three macaws kept in captivity, from two sexes [male (n=10) and female (n=12)] and two species [Ara ararauna (n=12) and Ara chloropterus (n=11)]. Reference intervals for the hormones sampled were indicated and the effects of species and sex on these values were analyzed. Concentration values of total T4, free T4, free T3 and TSH varied respectively from 0,3 to 2,5µg/dL (average =0,94µg/dL), 0,11 - 0,46ɳg/dL (average = 0,28ɳg/dL), 3,59 - 1,46pg/mL (average =2,42pg/mL), and 0,01 - 0,12µUI/mL (average= 0,04µUI/mL). There was interaction between species and sex (P<0.05) on total T4 concentrations. Males had higher values than females in Ara ararauna, while females had higher values than males in Ara chloropterus. Sex effect was not observed (P>0.05) for concentrations of free T4, free T3 and TSH, but species effect was observed (P<0.05) for free T3 concentrations. In this case, concentrations of free T3 were lower in Ara ararauna than in Ara chloropterus. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to measure serum concentration of thyroid hormones in macaws by means of chemiluminescence method, as long as relevant variations between different species and sexes are taken into account.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9654
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2.
Swimming training attenuates oxidative damage and increases enzymatic but not non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the rat brain
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Nonato, L.F.
; Rocha-Vieira, E.
; Tossige-Gomes, R.
; Soares, A.A.
; Soares, B.A.
; Freitas, D.A.
; Oliveira, M.X.
; Mendonça, V.A.
; Lacerda, A.C.
; Massensini, A.R.
; Leite, H.R.
.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
- Journal Metrics
Although it is well known that physical training ameliorates brain oxidative function after injuries by enhancing the levels of neurotrophic factors and oxidative status, there is little evidence addressing the influence of exercise training itself on brain oxidative damage and data is conflicting. This study investigated the effect of well-established swimming training protocol on lipid peroxidation and components of antioxidant system in the rat brain. Male Wistar rats were randomized into trained (5 days/week, 8 weeks, 30 min; n=8) and non-trained (n=7) groups. Forty-eight hours after the last session of exercise, animals were euthanized and the brain was collected for oxidative stress analysis. Swimming training decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels (P<0.05) and increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.05) with no effect on brain non-enzymatic total antioxidant capacity, estimated by FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) assay (P>0.05). Moreover, the swimming training promoted metabolic adaptations, such as increased maximal workload capacity (P<0.05) and maintenance of body weight. In this context, the reduced TBARS content and increased SOD antioxidant activity induced by 8 weeks of swimming training are key factors in promoting brain resistance. In conclusion, swimming training attenuated oxidative damage and increased enzymatic antioxidant but not non-enzymatic status in the rat brain.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20165310
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3.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
4.
Degradabilidade ruminal in situ do sorgo grão em diferentes formas de reconstituição
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Silva, J.S.
; Borges, A.L.C.C.
; Lopes, F.C.F.
; Silva, R.R.
; Vieira, A.R.
; Duque, A.C.A.
; Borges, I.
; Rodrigues, J.A.S.
; Gonçalves, L.C.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
- Journal Metrics
Foram utilizadas três vacas não lactantes fistuladas no rúmen com o objetivo de determinar os parâmetros de degradação ruminal in situ da matéria seca (MS) e do amido de grãos de sorgo sob diferentes formas de processamento: 1) Seco e moído (2mm); 2) Seco, moído (3mm), reidratado com aspersão de água sobre o material, e imediatamente ensilado por 30 dias; 3) Seco, inteiro, reidratado por três dias em tubo PVC e, em seguida, moído a 5mm; 4) Seco, inteiro, reidratado por três dias em tubo PVC com aplicação de ar comprimido e, em seguida, moído a 5mm; 5) Seco, inteiro, reidratado por três dias em tubo PVC e, em seguida, moído a 5mm, e ensilado por 30 dias; 6) Seco, inteiro, reidratado por três dias em tubo PVC com aplicação de ar comprimido, moído a 5mm e ensilado por 30 dias. Os teores de proteína bruta, amido, e fibra em detergente neutro (% da MS) variaram de 9,8 a 10,8%; 59,5 a 67,5%; e de 16,1 a 19,3%, respectivamente. Os teores de umidade nos grãos que foram reidratados variaram de 35,8 a 43,9% da MS. A taxa e a extensão de degradação do amido e a degradabilidade potencial da MS foram semelhantes (P>0,05) entre tratamentos. Os grãos de sorgo reidratados com aplicação de ar comprimido, moídos e ensilados (tratamento 6) apresentaram degradabilidade efetiva (DE) da MS e DE do amido sob taxa de passagem ruminal de 2%/h, semelhantes (P>0,05) às observadas para o tratamento 5 (sem aplicação de ar comprimido), e superiores (P<0,05) às dos demais processamentos. Sob taxas de passagem no rúmen de 5 e 8%/h, as DE do amido estimadas para os grãos processados no tratamento 6 foram superiores (P<0,05) às obtidas para os demais tratamentos. O processamento de reidratação por três dias com aplicação de ar comprimido e ensilagem por trinta dias aumentou a degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca e do amido dos grãos de sorgo, e sua utilização pode ser recomendada para animais em níveis intermediário e elevado de desempenho.
Used three non-lactating cows fistulated in the rumen in order to determine the parameters of in situ ruminal degradation of dry matter (DM) and starch grain sorghum under different forms of processing: 1) Dried and ground (2mm); 2) Dry, crushed (3mm), rehydrated with water spray on the material and immediately ensiled for 30 days, 3) Dry, round, rehydrated for three days in PVC pipe and then crushed to 5mm, 4 ) Dry, full-rehydrated for three days in PVC tube with application of compressed air and then ground to 5mm; 5) Dry, full-rehydrated for three days in PVC pipe and then ground to 5mm, and ensiled for 30 days; 6) Dry, full-rehydrated for three days in PVC tube with application of compressed air, ground to 5mm and ensiled for 30 days. The crude protein, starch, and neutral detergent fiber (% of DM) ranged from 9.8 to 10.8%, 59.5 to 67.5%, and 16.1 to 19.3%, respectively. The moisture in the grains that were rehydrated ranged from 35.8 to 43.9% DM. The rate and extent of starch degradation and the degradability of MS were similar (P>0.05) between treatments. The grain sorghum rehydrated with application of compressed air, ground and ensiled (treatment 6), showed effective degradability (ED) of DM, and DE starch under ruminal passage rate of 2%/h, similar (P>0.05 ) those observed for treating 5 (without application of compressed air) and higher (P<0.05) to the other processing. Under rumen passage rates of 5 and 8%/h, the estimated NDs starch for processed grains in treatment 6 were higher (P<0.05) than those obtained for the other treatments. Processing rehydration for three days with compressed air application and silage for thirty days increased the effective degradability of dry matter and starch grain sorghum, and its use can be recommended for animals in intermediate and high performance.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6731
2273 downloads
5.
Trypan blue exclusion assay by flow cytometry
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Avelar-Freitas, B.A.
; Almeida, V.G.
; Pinto, M.C.X.
; Mourão, F.A.G.
; Massensini, A.R.
; Martins-Filho, O.A.
; Rocha-Vieira, E.
; Brito-Melo, G.E.A.
.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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Dye exclusion tests are used to determine the number of live and dead cells. These assays are based on the principle that intact plasma membranes in live cells exclude specific dyes, whereas dead cells do not. Although widely used, the trypan blue (TB) exclusion assay has limitations. The dye can be incorporated by live cells after a short exposure time, and personal reliability, related to the expertise of the analyst, can affect the results. We propose an alternative assay for evaluating cell viability that combines the TB exclusion test and the high sensitivity of the flow cytometry technique. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of TB to emit fluorescence when complexed with proteins. According to our results, TB/bovine serum albumin and TB/cytoplasmic protein complexes emit fluorescence at 660 nm, which is detectable by flow cytometry using a 650-nm low-pass band filter. TB at 0.002% (w/v) was defined as the optimum concentration for distinguishing unstained living cells from fluorescent dead cells, and fluorescence emission was stable for 30 min after cell treatment. Although previous studies have shown that TB promotes green fluorescence quenching, TB at 0.002% did not interfere with green fluorescence in human live T-cells stained with anti-CD3/fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) monoclonal antibody. We observed a high correlation between the percentage of propidium iodide+CD3/FITC+ and TB+CD3/FITC+ cells, as well as similar double-stained cell profiles in flow cytometry dot-plot graphs. Taken together, the results indicate that a TB exclusion assay by flow cytometry can be employed as an alternative tool for quick and reliable cell viability analysis.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20143437
13918 downloads
6.
Entrevista con gestores como método pedagógico para la gerencia en enfermería: conocer para ser
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This article discusses the active teaching-learning methodologies of management in nursing, through reports ofan experiment performed in a Higher Education Institution, in Sobral-Ceará-Brazil, in 2010. Interviews with nurses from different fields are presented as a pedagogical tool that enables discussions about transverse topics to Health management. It was done an experiment on the construction and application of interviewing by the students as a data collecting technique; furthermore, the topics discussed in class emphasized the national policies on Public Health, as well as the potentialities of the nurse as a manager for Health services. It could be observed a favouring of knowledge integration between theory and practice, which contributes for the recognizement of troubles and challenges that are to be faced by the future professionals.
O artigo discute metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem do gerenciamento em Enfermagem, por meio de relato de experiência ocorrida em Instituição de Educação Superior, em Sobral-Ceará-Brasil, em 2010. Entrevistas a enfermeiros gestores de áreas diversas são apresentadas como ferramenta pedagógica propiciadora de discussões acerca de assuntos transversais ao tema da gestão em saúde. Ocorreu experimentação da construção e implementação da entrevista como técnica de coleta de dados pelos discentes e as temáticas discutidas na sala de aula enfatizaram as políticas nacionais de saúde pública, bem como as potencialidades do enfermeiro como gestor nos serviços de saúde. Observou-se o favorecimento da integração de conhecimentos entre a teoria e a prática, contribuindo com o reconhecimento das dificuldades e desafios a ser enfrentados pelos futuros profissionais.
El articulo discute metodologías activas de enseñanza-aprendizaje sobre la gerencia en enfermería, por medio de un relato de experiencia que sucedió en la Institución de Educación Superior, en Sobral-Ceará-Brasil, en 2010. Entrevistas a enfermeros-gestores de diversas áreas son presentadas como herramienta pedagógica propiciadoras de discusiones acerca de asuntos transversales al tema de gestión en salud. Hubo experimentación de la construcción y se implementó la entrevista como técnica de colecta de datos por los alumnos y las temáticas discutidas en la sala de aula enfatizaron las políticas nacionales de salud pública, así como las potencialidades del enfermero como gestor en los servicios de salud. Se observó el beneficio de la integración de conocimientos entre la teoría y la práctica, contribuyendo al reconocimiento de las dificultades y desafíos a ser enfrentados por los futuros profesionales.
https://doi.org/10.4321/S1695-61412012000300007
833 downloads
7.
Controle de Commelina benghalensis, C. erecta e Tripogandra diuretica na cultura do café
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes herbicidas/misturas no controle de três espécies de trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis, C. erecta e Tripogandra diuretica) e a tolerância de plantas jovens de café aos herbicidas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dez diferentes herbicidas/misturas e uma testemunha, associados a três espécies de trapoeraba. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 21 e 50 dias após a aplicação (DAP) dos herbicidas, por meio de análise visual, seguindo-se escala de nível de controle. Avaliou-se a tolerância das mudas de café aos herbicidas (escala de avaliação visual da fitotoxicidade) e as características de crescimento (diâmetro, número de folhas e estatura) das mudas de café. A espécie C. benghalensis foi melhor controlada quando se utilizaram os herbicidas: diuron, 2,4-D + picloram, atrazine + metolachlor, metribuzin, glyphosate WG e acetochlor. A espécie C. erecta foi controlada pelos herbicidas diuron, 2,4-D + picloram, atrazine + metolachlor, glyphosate CS e acetochlor. Os herbicidas diuron, 2,4-D + picloram, atrazine + metolachlor, metribuzin, glyphosate WG e paraquat + diuron foram os que melhor controlaram T. diuretica. Metribuzin, diuron e acetochlor mostraram-se mais fitotóxicos para a cultura do café. O diuron reduziu a massa da matéria seca e o número de folhas do cafeeiro. O diâmetro do caule e a estatura foram afetados pelos herbicidas metribuzin e 2,4-D. O metribuzin foi o herbicida que maior prejuízo causou às características de crescimento da planta de café.
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different herbicides/mixtures on the control of three dayflower species (Commelina benghalensis, C. erecta. and Tripogandra diuretica) and the tolerance of young coffee plants to the herbicides. The trial was arranged in a completely randomized design, constituted by ten different herbicides/mixtures and three dayflower species. Evaluations were carried out at 21 and 50 days after herbicide application (DAP), using visual analysis, following a control level scale. Coffee seedling tolerance to the herbicides (visual scale evaluation of phytotoxicity) and growth characteristics (diameter, number of leaves and height) of the coffee seedlings were evaluated. C. benghalensis was better controlled by diuron, 24-D + picloram, atrazine + metolachlor, metribuzin, glyphosate WG and acetochlor. C. erecta was controlled by diuron, 2,4-D + picloram, atrazine metolachlor, glyphosate SC and acetochlor. Diuron, 2,4-D + picloram, atrazine + metolachlor, metribuzin, glyphosate WG and paraquat diuron controlled T. diuretica the best. Metribuzin, diuron and acetochlor were more phytotoxic to the coffee crop. Diuron reduced dry matter weight and number of leaves of the coffee plant. Stem diameter and height were affected by the herbicides metribuzin and 2,4-D. Metribuzin caused the most damage to the growth characteristics of the coffee seedlings.
3562 downloads
Cited 5 times in SciELO
8.
Reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) is associated with cleft of the lip only
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Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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In this report, we have reanalyzed genotyping data in a collection of families from South America based on maternal origin. Genotyping analysis was performed at the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center at the University of Iowa. These genotypes were derived from genomic DNA samples obtained from blood spots from children born with isolated orofacial clefts in 45 hospitals located in eight countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela) collaborating with ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Studies of Congenital Malformations) between January 1998 and December 1999. Dried blood samples were sent by regular mail to the Laboratory of Congenital Malformations, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Previous findings suggested that mitochondrial haplotype D is more commonly found among cleft cases born in South America. We hypothesized that association of certain genes may depend upon the ethnic origin, as defined by population-specific markers. Therefore, we tested if markers in MTHFR (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) and RFC1 (reduced folate carrier 1) were associated with oral clefts, depending on the maternal origin defined by the mitochondrial haplotype. Transmission distortion of alleles in MTHFR C677T and RFC1 G80A polymorphic variants was tested in 200 mother/affected child pairs taking into consideration maternal origin. RFC1 variation was over-transmitted to children born with cleft lip only (P = 0.017) carrying mitochondrial DNA haplotypes other than haplotype D. Our results provide a new indication that variation in RFC1 may contribute to cleft lip only. Future studies should investigate the association between oral clefts and RFC1 based on more discrete phenotypes.
2672 downloads
9.
Mercury toxicity in the Amazon: contrast sensitivity and color discrimination of subjects exposed to mercury
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Rodrigues, A.R.
; Souza, C.R.B.
; Braga, A.M.
; Rodrigues, P.S.S.
; Silveira, A.T.
; Damin, E.T.B.
; Côrtes, M.I.T.
; Castro, A.J.O.
; Mello, G.A.
; Vieira, J.L.F.
; Pinheiro, M.C.N.
; Ventura, D.F.
; Silveira, L.C.L.
.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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We measured visual performance in achromatic and chromatic spatial tasks of mercury-exposed subjects and compared the results with norms obtained from healthy individuals of similar age. Data were obtained for a group of 28 mercury-exposed subjects, comprising 20 Amazonian gold miners, 2 inhabitants of Amazonian riverside communities, and 6 laboratory technicians, who asked for medical care. Statistical norms were generated by testing healthy control subjects divided into three age groups. The performance of a substantial proportion of the mercury-exposed subjects was below the norms in all of these tasks. Eleven of 20 subjects (55%) performed below the norms in the achromatic contrast sensitivity task. The mercury-exposed subjects also had lower red-green contrast sensitivity deficits at all tested spatial frequencies (9/11 subjects; 81%). Three gold miners and 1 riverine (4/19 subjects, 21%) performed worse than normal subjects making more mistakes in the color arrangement test. Five of 10 subjects tested (50%), comprising 2 gold miners, 2 technicians, and 1 riverine, performed worse than normal in the color discrimination test, having areas of one or more MacAdam ellipse larger than normal subjects and high color discrimination thresholds at least in one color locus. These data indicate that psychophysical assessment can be used to quantify the degree of visual impairment of mercury-exposed subjects. They also suggest that some spatial tests such as the measurement of red-green chromatic contrast are sufficiently sensitive to detect visual dysfunction caused by mercury toxicity.
3061 downloads
Cited 7 times in SciELO
10.
Comparative study of human exposure to mercury in riverside communities in the Amazon region
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Pinheiro, M.C.N.
; Oikawa, T.
; Vieira, J.L.F.
; Gomes, M.S.V.
; Guimarães, G.A.
; Crespo-López, M.E.
; Müller, R.C.S.
; Amoras, W.W.
; Ribeiro, D.R.G.
; Rodrigues, A.R.
; Côrtes, M.I.T.
.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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Four populations in the Amazon area were selected for a comparative study of mercury-exposed and non-exposed populations: São Luiz do Tapajós, Barreiras, Panacauera, and Pindobal Grande. The highest mercury levels in human hair samples were found in São Luiz do Tapajós and Barreiras, greatly exceeding the limits established by the World Health Organization. Panacauera showed an intermediate level below 9 µg/g. This was the first comparative and simultaneous evaluation of mercury exposure in the Amazon area. Also, thanks to this type of monitoring, we were able to eliminate the uncertainties about the reference dose. On the basis of these data, we can conclude that the mercury levels detected in exposed populations of the Tapajós River basin may be dangerous not only because they are above the World Health Organization limits, but also because the simultaneous mercury detection in non-exposed populations with similar characteristics provided a valid control and revealed lower mercury levels. Our results support the importance of continuous monitoring in both exposed and non-exposed populations.
2932 downloads
Cited 6 times in SciELO
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