ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Specific types of violence such as intimate partner sexual violence and intimate partner homicide occur more frequently in rural areas. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the knowledge and attitudes of rural healthcare providers regarding cases of domestic violence against women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. METHODS: We conducted an electronic search of six databases, which only included observational studies, regardless of the year, language, or country of publication, except for studies that used secondary data and were exclusively qualitative. Two reviewers performed the selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using a specific Joanna Briggs Institute tool. RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies had a low risk of bias. Approximately 38% of these professionals identified injuries caused by violence in patients. When asked about knowing the correct attitude to take in cases of confirmed violence, between 12% and 64% of rural healthcare providers answered positively; most of them would refer to specialized institutions and promote victim empowerment and counseling. The number of professionals with an educational background in the field ranged from 16% to 98%. CONCLUSIONS: The evident disparity across studies shows that some professionals have suboptimal knowledge and require training to adopt the correct attitude when identifying female victims of domestic violence in clinical practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework Database under the registration http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B7Q6S.

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a suspeita de ocorrência da febre maculosa (FM) em Quirinópolis - GO, por meio de inquérito sorológico em amostras de humanos, cães e equinos e identificação de carrapatos vetores. Em 2007, foram realizadas reações de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) para Rickettsia spp. em amostras de sangue colhidas de 28 pessoas do grupo de convívio de um caso suspeito (uma criança de três anos que apresentou sinais de riquetsiose, após exposição a carrapatos). Também foram colhidas amostras de sangue em cinco cães e 42 equinos, havendo soro reagentes somente entre os equinos (28,6%). Não foi constatada a presença do carrapato Amblyomma cajennense. Sete indivíduos foram reagentes para Rickettsia spp., a maioria desses eram parentes paternos do caso suspeito. Em 2008, na mesma região, foram realizadas RIFI em amostras de 30 humanos sem sinais clínicos de FM e constatou-se 50% de soro reagentes para Rickettsia spp. Adicionalmente, colheram-se amostras de sangue de 24 cães errantes, havendo um cão soropositivo. A evidência sorológica do contato entre bactérias do gênero Rickettsia com habitantes humanos e animais de Quirinópolis indica que a FM ou outra riquetsiose possa estar ocorrendo no Estado de Goiás.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the suspition of spotted fever (SF) occurrence in Quirinopolis city (Goias State) through serological survey in human, dogs and horses samples, and identification of tick vectors. In 2007, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was carried out for Rickettsia spp. in blood samples taken from 28 persons, related to the suspected case (a 3-year-old child who showed signs of rickettsial disease after exposure to ticks). Also, blood samples were collected from five dogs and 42 horses, from which only there horses (28.6%) were seropositive. The tick Amblyomma cajennense was not found. Seven humans were reactive to Rickettsia spp., most of them were paternal relatives of the suspected case. In 2008, in the same region, IFAT was performed on 30 human samples without clinical signs of SF and 50% of them were seropositive for Rickettsia spp. Additionally, blood samples were collected from 24 stray dogs, and one of the animals showed seropositivity. Serologic evidence of the contact between the bacteria of the genus Rickettsia with human and animal inhabitants from Quirinopolis city indicates that the SF or another rickettsial disease may be occurring in Goias State, Brazil.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência deAnaplasma platys e Ehrlichia canis em cães de Porto Alegre, sul do Brasil, sua detecção molecular e associação com anormalidades hematológicas. Amostras séricas de 196 cães foram inicialmente triadas por dot-ELISA para a presença de anticorpos contraAnaplasma spp. e Ehrlichia canis. Amostras de sangue periférico de 199 cães foram submetidas à nested PCR (16S rRNA) paraA. platys e E. canis, seguido de sequenciamento do DNA para confirmar a identidade do agente. Do total, 19/196 (9,69%) amostras foram positivas para Anaplasma spp. por dot-ELISA e 28/199 (14,07%) por nPCR. Todas as amostras dos cães foram negativas para E. canis no teste sorológico anti-E. canis e também na nPCR. Não houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros hematológicos, exceto a contagem de basófilos, que apresentou valores mais altos em cães positivos na nPCR para A. platys. Este é o primeiro relato da presença de A. platys no Rio Grande do Sul, e a primeira detecção molecular do agente no sul do Brasil. Em conclusão, parâmetros hematológicos não são suficientes para diagnosticar a infecção porA. platys em cães, provavelmente devido sua baixa patogenicidade ou infecção crônica. Por outro lado, E. canisparece ter ocorrência baixa ou mesmo nula em cães de Porto Alegre.

The aims of this study were to determine the occurrence ofAnaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canisinfection in dogs in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil; and to investigate their association with hematological abnormalities. Serum samples from 196 dogs were first tested using dot-ELISA for antibodies against Anaplasmaspp. and Ehrlichia canis. Peripheral blood samples from 199 dogs were subjected to 16S rRNA nested PCR (nPCR) for A. platysand E. canis, followed by DNA sequencing to ensure pathogen identity. A total of 19/196 samples (9.69%) were positive forAnaplasma spp. using ELISA and 28/199 (14.07%) samples were positive for A. platys by nested PCR. All the dog samples were negative for E. canis, both in anti-E. canisantibody tests and in nested PCR. There were no significant differences in hematological parameters between A. platys-PCR positive and negative dogs and Anaplasma spp. serologically positive dogs, except for basophil counts, which were higher in nPCR-positive dogs. This is the first report showing A. platys presence in dogs in Southern Brazil. In conclusion, hematological parameters may not be sufficient to diagnose A. platys infection in dogs in Southern Brazil, probably due either to low pathogenicity or to chronic infection. On the other hand, E. canis may either have very low occurrence or be absent in dogs in Porto Alegre.