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Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH● e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS●+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.

Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH● assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS●+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253599

Dopamine depletion in wistar rats with epilepsy
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Trindade-Filho, E. M.

; Pai, J. Dal

; Castro, D. N. de

; Silva, A. T. M. da

; Costa, A. F.

; Vieira, J. S. S.

; Santos, S. D. B. dos

; Félix, V. B.

; Leão, S. A. B. F.

; Zambrano, L. I.

; Saldanha-Filho, A. J. M.

; Carvalho, E. G. A.

; Cavalcante, J. B. N.

; Quintella, G. B.

; Lino, A. T. S.

; Costa, M. V.

; Lima, J. A.

; Tavares, M. M. A.

; de Melo, M. R.

; Mousinho, K. C.

; Biase, C. L. C. L. De

; Leite, M. L.

; Costa, P. J. M. S.

; Becker, E. L.

; Moura, I. M. F. B.

; Silva, J. C. da

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e248411

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O conteúdo de dopamina nas estruturas cerebrais tem sido relacionado à excitabilidade neuronal e várias abordagens têm sido utilizadas para estudar este fenômeno durante o período de vulnerabilidade às crises. No presente trabalho, descrevemos os efeitos da depleção de dopamina após a administração de 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA) na região pars compacta da substância negra de ratos submetidos ao modelo de epilepsia com pilocarpina. A susceptibilidade ao estado de mal epiléptico induzido pela pilocarpina, bem como a frequência de crises espontâneas e recorrentes durante o período crônico do modelo foi determinada. Sendo o hipocampo uma das principais estruturas afetadas no desenvolvimento desse modelo experimental de epilepsia, os níveis de dopamina nessa região foram determinados após a administração da droga. No primeiro experimento, 62% (15/24) dos ratos pré-tratados com 6-OHDA e 45% (11/24) daqueles que receberam ácido ascórbico como solução controle evoluíram para crises límbicas motoras e para o estado de mal epiléptico, após a administração de pilocarpina. A gravidade das crises durante o período agudo do modelo foi significativamente maior nos ratos epilépticos experimentais (56,52%) do que nos ratos controle (4,16%). No segundo experimento, não houve diferença significante entre os grupos quanto à frequência de crises na fase crônica do modelo. Nossos dados mostraram que a dopamina pode desempenhar um papel importante na gravidade das crises na fase aguda da pilo, o que parece ser exercido por sua ação inibitória da dopamina sobre a expressão motora das crises.

Abstract The dopamine content in cerebral structures has been related to neuronal excitability and several approaches have been used to study this phenomenon during seizure vulnerability period. In the present work, we describe the effects of dopamine depletion after the administration of 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta of male rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), as well as spontaneous and recurrent seizures (SRSs) frequency during the chronic period of the model were determined. Since the hippocampus is one of main structures in the development of this experimental model of epilepsy, the dopamine levels in this region were also determined after drug administration. In the first experiment, 62% (15/24) of 6-OHDA pre-treated rats and 45% (11/24) of those receiving ascorbic acid as control solution progressed to motor limbic seizures evolving to SE, after the administration of pilocarpine. Severeness of seizures during the model´s the acute period, was significantly higher in epileptic experimental rats (56.52%), than in controls (4.16%). In the second experiment, the frequency of seizures in the model’s chronic phase did not significantly change between groups. Our data show that dopamine may play an important role on seizure severity in the pilo’s model acute period, which seems to be due to dopamine inhibitory action on motor expression of seizure.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.248411

Unraveling the Metabolomic Profile and Bioactivities of the Paratoid Gland Secretion from Rhinella granulosa
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Barros, Elcio Daniel S.

; Monção Filho, Evaldo S.

; Fonseca, Mariluce G.

; Alves, Patrícia S.

; Santos, Antônia Laíres S.

; Feitosa, Chistiane M.

; Silva, Dulce Helena S.

; Costa, Pedro Mikael S.

; Pessoa, Cláudia

; Campos, Carmem D. L.

; Monteiro, Cristina A.

; Chaves, Mariana Helena

; Vieira Júnior, Gerardo M.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2023, Volume 34 N. 10 Pages 1398 - 1409

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Toads of the Rhinella genus have a pair of paratoid glands that store biological secretions of high toxicity and varied chemical composition, rich in biologically active compounds. The present work aimed to carry out the investigation of the metabolomic profile and evaluation of the biological potential of the secretion paratoid glands (PGS) from Rhinella granulosa. The paratoid secretion was collected in the Piauí state (Brazil), extracted with methanol and the extract was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fifty chemical constituents were identified. The extract showed cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines of the central nervous system (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 1.9 µg mL-1) and prostate (IC50 = 1.6 µg mL-1), unsatisfactory antimicrobial potential (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 312 µg mL-1) and inhibited the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 5.119 mg mL-1). The results presented relevant information about the PGS and contributed to the understanding of the metabolomic and biological potential of R. granulosa.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230052

Economic indicators for cowpea cultivation under different irrigation depths
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Carvalho, Erika de O. T. de

; Costa, Deborah L. P.

; Luz, Denilson B. da

; Rua, Matheus L.

; Velame, Maria de L. A.

; Monteiro, Adrielle C.

; Vieira, Igor C. de O.

; Pinto, João V. de N.

; Fernandes, Gabriel S. T.

; Nunes, Hildo G. G. C.

; Souza, Paulo J. de O. P. de

; Santos, Marcos A. S. dos

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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aug 2023, Volume 27 N. 8 Pages 618 - 624

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Cowpeas are of high socioeconomic importance in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, whereby the search for alternatives that offer increased productivity with financial returns has become an important challenge. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate and evaluate the economic indicators of cowpea production in 2015 and 2016 when applying drip irrigation to different depths. Irrigation treatments were based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The experiment was laid in a randomized complete blocks design with four treatments (0, 25, 50, and 100% ETc) and six replications. For economic analysis, the results were extrapolated to an area of one hectare. Productivity in 2015 was lower than that in 2016; however, in all treatments, it was always higher when plants were grown under adequate water supply. In both years, the total operating costs were higher under irrigation than under rainfed conditions. The 100% ETc treatment resulted in a greater number of cowpea bags (60 kg) produced and a higher gross revenue than the rainfed treatment by 17 bags ha-1, equivalent to 1,020 kg ha-1 (gross revenue US$ 711.48) and 16 bags ha-1, equivalent to 960 kg ha-1 (gross revenue US$ 867.12), in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Water deficit limited cowpea yield in both years but made cultivation economically unfeasible only in 2015.

RESUMO O feijão-caupi apresenta grande importância socioeconômica nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, sendo que a busca por alternativas que ofereçam aumento de produtividade com retorno financeiro tem se tornado um importante desafio. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar e avaliar os indicadores econômicos da produção de feijão-caupi nos anos de 2015 e 2016 quando da aplicação de irrigação por gotejamento em diferentes lâminas. Os tratamentos de irrigação foram baseados na evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc). O experimento foi instalado em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos (0, 25, 50 e 100% da ETc) e seis repetições. Para análise econômica, os resultados foram extrapolados para uma área de um hectare. A produtividade em 2015 foi inferior à de 2016; porém, em todos os tratamentos, a produtividade foi sempre maior quando as plantas foram cultivadas sob irrigação adequada. Em ambos os anos, os custos operacionais totais foram maiores sob irrigação do que sob condições de sequeiro. O tratamento 100% ETc resultou em maior número de sacas de feijão-caupi (60 kg) produzidas e receita bruta superior ao tratamento de sequeiro em 17 sacas ha-1, equivalente a 1.020 kg ha-1 (receita bruta US$ 711,48) e 16 sacas ha-1, equivalente a 960 kg ha-1 (receita bruta US$ 867,12), em 2015 e 2016, respectivamente. A deficiência hídrica limitou a produtividade do feijão-caupi nos dois anos, mas inviabilizou economicamente o cultivo apenas em 2015.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n8p618-624

Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract and mineral nitrogen in Alibertia edulis seedlings
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Bernardes, Rodrigo da S.

; Santos, Silvia C.

; Santos, Cleberton C.

; Heid, Diego M.

; Vieira, Maria do C.

; Torales, Elissandra P.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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mar 2023, Volume 27 N. 3 Pages 173 - 180

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O manejo fisiológico e nutricional é uma prática importante para obtenção de mudas de alta qualidade e o uso de extrato de algas tem se tornado uma alternativa aos fertilizantes e bioestimulantes, mas informações para Alibertia edulis, uma espécie frutífera e nativa do Cerrado, são escassas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de doses do extrato de alga Ascophyllum nodosum L. (ANE), associadas ou não ao nitrogênio mineral no crescimento, índices de eficiência do nutriente nitrogênio e na qualidade de mudas de A. edulis. As mudas receberam aplicação de cinco doses de ANE (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 mL L-1 de água) via foliar, sem e com adição de N mineral (50 mg kg-1 de ureia ao solo). O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, e os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 × 2. Os dados de altura, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas e o índice de clorofila ao longo do tempo foram analisados em parcelas subdivididas no tempo. A aplicação foliar do extrato de A. nodosum nas doses de 15 e 20 mL L-1, contribuiu para maiores características de crescimento e qualidade de mudas, independente do uso de nitrogênio mineral. Mudas com N mineral e com 13,98 mL L-1 de ANE tiveram maior área foliar. A maior eficiência e absorção de N e uso de nutrientes ocorreu nas mudas que receberam o extrato de alga A. nodosum.

ABSTRACT Physiological and nutritional management is an important practice for obtaining high quality seedlings. The use of seaweed extract has emerged as an alternative to fertilizers and biostimulants, although information on this with respect to Alibertia edulis, a fruit-bearing species native to the Cerrado region, is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Ascophyllum nodosum L. seaweed extract (ANE), both with and without the addition of mineral nitrogen, on the growth, nitrogen nutrient efficiency indices, and quality of A. edulis seedlings. The seedlings received five doses of ANE (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mL L-1 of water) via foliar application, with and without the addition of mineral N to the soil (50 mg kg-1 of urea). A randomized block design was used with the treatments arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme. The plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll index, and number of leaves obtained were analyzed in split-plots over time. Foliar application of 15 and 20 mL L-1 of ANE contributed to greater growth and seedling quality, regardless of the addition of mineral nitrogen. Seedlings treated with mineral N alongside 13.98 mL L-1 of ANE showed the greatest leaf area. The highest N use efficiency, N uptake, and nutrient use occurred in seedlings that received A. nodosum extract.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n3p173-180

Organic minerals, tributyrin, and blend of organic acids in the diet of commercial laying hens at the end of production
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Miranda, D. A.

; Moreira, L. F. S.

; de Almeida, A. A.

; Vieira-Filho, J. A.

; M., L. C.

; Valentim, J. K.

; Oliveira, H. F.

; Geraldo, A.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2023, Volume 53 N. 1 Pages 8 - 16

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study aimed to evaluate the responses in performance, egg quality, and health of internal organs of laying hens of Hisex White lineage. The birds were provided with diets supplemented with organic minerals (OM) + tributyrin, associated or not with a mixture of organic acids (benzoic formic, citric, and phosphoric), compared to a control treatment containing zinc bacitracin (28 ppm). In total, 160 laying hens of the commercial Hisex White lineage of 68 w and an average weight of 1.735 ± 0.025 kg were distributed in 40 experimental plots. The study employed a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications/treatment. The experimental period was divided into seven production cycles of 21 days, totalling 147 experimental days. The variables analysed were egg production and loss, feed intake, mean egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, and internal and external quality variables of eggs. At the end of the experimental period, the final weight of the birds was measured to evaluate the relative weight of liver and kidneys. No significant effect of the treatments on the productive performance and internal and external quality of the eggs was evident. The association of organic minerals with a mixture of organic acids and tributyrin did not influence the productive performance and internal and external quality of the shell of Hisex White laying hens in the period from 68 to 89 weeks of age.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i1.02

Bioactivity of Piper aduncum L. essential oil for insect pests of stored products1
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Nascimento, Josiane Moura do

; Sousa, Adalberto Hipólito de

; Lopes, Lucas Martins

; Mendonça, Jamila Farias

; Santos, Ana Cláudia Vieira dos

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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2023, Volume 53 elocation e77482

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Determining the bioactivity of essential oils extracted from plants is crucial for the development of alternatives for controlling insect pests in stored grains. This study aimed to investigate the bioactivity of Piper aduncum L. essential oil for the control of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Bioassays were conducted to determine the oil toxicity, sublethal effects, attractiveness and flight initiation behavior. Toxicity tests were carried out to determine the lethal concentrations for 50 and 95 % of the insects (LC50 and LC95). Tests were also performed with sublethal exposures to C. ferrurineus, S. oryzae and S. zeamais, using their respective LC5 values (0.0002, 0.097 and 0.11 µL cm-2), to investigate effects on the attraction or repellency activity, as well as flight tests. C. ferrugineus showed greater LC50 (0.0005 µL cm-2) and LC95 (0.0012 µL cm-2) susceptibility, in relation to S. oryzae LC50 (0.35 µL cm-2) and LC95 (1.26 µL cm-2), and S. zeamais LC50 (0.39 µL cm-2) and LC95 (1.40 µL cm-2). The exposure to the sublethal LC5 concentration influenced the behavioral responses of attractiveness/repellency and flight activity. The oil had a neutral effect on C. ferrugineus LC5 (0.0002 µL cm-2) and an attractive effect on S. oryzae and S. zeamais LC5 (0.097 and 0.11 µL cm-2), and can be considered a potential insecticide for controlling pest weevil species of stored grains.

RESUMO Determinar a bioatividade de óleos essenciais extraídos de plantas é primordial para o desenvolvimento de alternativas de controle de insetos-praga em grãos armazenados. Objetivou-se investigar a bioatividade do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L. para o controle de Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) e Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Foram realizados bioensaios para determinar a toxicidade do óleo, efeitos subletais, comportamento de atratividade e iniciação de voo. Testes de toxicidade foram realizados, determinando-se as concentrações letais para 50 e 95 % dos insetos (CL50 e CL95). Também foram realizados testes com exposições subletais para C. ferrurineus, S. oryzae e S. zeamais, utilizando-se as suas respectivas CL5 (0,0002; 0,097; e 0,11 µL cm-2), para averiguar efeitos na atividade de atração ou repelência, e testes de voo. C. ferrugineus apresentou maior susceptibilidade CL50 (0,0005 µL cm-2) e CL95 (0,0012 µL cm-2), em relação a S. oryzae CL50 (0,35 µL cm-2) e CL95 (1,26 µL cm-2) e S. zeamais CL50 (0,39 µL cm-2) e CL95 (1,40 µL cm-2). A exposição à concentração subletal CL5 influenciou nas respostas comportamentais de atratividade/repelência e atividade de voo das espécies. O óleo apresentou efeito neutro para C. ferrugineus CL5 (0,0002 µL cm-2) e atrativo para S. oryzae e S. zeamais CL5 (0,097 e 0,11 µL cm-2), podendo ser considerado potencial inseticida para o controle de espécies de gorgulhos-praga de grãos armazenados.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632023v5377482

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects of onion and its by-products in high-fat fed rodents: a systematic review
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Cordeiro, G. S.

; Santos, L. S.

; Vieira, G. P.

; Espírito-Santo, D. A.

; Teixeira, R. S.

; Matos, R. J. B

; Costa, C. A. S.

; Deiró, T. C. B. J.

; Barreto-Medeiros, J. M.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e266108

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The effects of onion and its by-products on metabolic changes induced by excessive consumption of a high fat diet have been the focus of many studies. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of onion and its by-products antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity in rats exposed to a high-fat diet. Five databases were used: Pubmed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of science and Scopus until June 2020 updated December 1, 2022. Research of the articles was carried out by two reviewers, searching and selecting studies after an initial reading of the titles and abstracts. In total, 2,448 papers were found and, after assessing against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 papers were selected for this review. The findings of this review show the beneficial effects of onion and its by-products on inflammatory parameters, obesity, cardiovascular disease, thermogenesis and hepatic alterations generally associated with the consumption of a high-fat diet.

Resumo Os efeitos da cebola e seus subprodutos nas alterações metabólicas induzidas pelo consumo excessivo de uma dieta rica em gordura têm sido foco de muitos estudos. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente os efeitos da cebola e seus subprodutos antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios e anti-obesidade em ratos expostos a uma dieta hiperlipídica. Foram utilizadas cinco bases de dados: Pubmed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of science e Scopus até junho de 2020, atualizado em 01 de dezembro de 2022. A pesquisa dos artigos foi realizada por dois revisores, buscando e selecionando os estudos após leitura inicial dos títulos e resumos. No total, 2.448 artigos foram encontrados e, após avaliação de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 18 artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão. Os achados desta revisão mostram os efeitos benéficos da cebola e seus subprodutos sobre parâmetros inflamatórios, obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares, termogênese e alterações hepáticas geralmente associadas ao consumo de uma dieta hiperlipídica.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.266108

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels following ketamine and esketamine intervention for treatment-resistant depression: secondary analysis from a randomized trial
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Caliman-Fontes, Ana Teresa

; Leal, Gustavo C.

; Correia-Melo, Fernanda S.

; Paixao, Camilla S.

; Carvalho, Michelle S.

; Jesus-Nunes, Ana Paula

; Vieira, Flavia

; Magnavita, Guilherme

; Bandeira, Igor D.

; Mello, Rodrigo P.

; Beanes, Graziele

; Silva, Samantha S.

; Echegaray, Mariana

; Carvalho, Lucas P.

; Machado, Paulo

; Sampaio, Aline S.

; Cardoso, Taiane de A.

; Kapczinski, Flávio

; Lacerda, Acioly L. T.

; Quarantini, Lucas C.

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

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2023, Volume 45 elocation e20210298

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives Evidence suggests that ketamine’s influence on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might be involved in its mechanism of rapid antidepressant action. We aimed to evaluate the differential impact of ketamine and esketamine on serum BDNF levels and its association with response patterns in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods Participants (n = 53) are from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the efficacy of single-dose ketamine (0.5mg/kg, n = 27) and esketamine (0.25mg/kg, n = 26) in TRD. Depression severity was assessed before and 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after the intervention, using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Blood samples were collected before infusion, 24 hours, and 7 days afterwards. Results There were no significant changes in BDNF levels at post-infusion evaluation points, and no difference in BDNF levels comparing ketamine and esketamine. Both drugs exhibited similar therapeutic effect. There was no association between BDNF levels and response to treatment or severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusion There was no significant treatment impact on BDNF serum levels – neither with ketamine nor esketamine – despite therapeutic response. These results suggest that ketamine or esketamine intervention for TRD has no impact on BDNF levels measured at 24 hours and 7 days after the infusion. This clinical trial is registered on the Japan Primary Registries Network: UMIN000032355.

https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0298

10.

Chemical constituents and antifungal potential of Attalea geraensis Barb. Rodr. (Arecaceae) palm leaves, a species native to the Cerrado of Brazil
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Silva, B. C. F. L.

; Matias, R.

; Oliveira, A. K. M.

; Corrêa, B. O.

; Pinto, L. S.

; Costa, R. F.

; Heredia-Vieira, S. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e271577

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Fungal diseases, especially those that affect the root systems of plants, caused by Rhizoctonia and Macrophomina are limiting factors for achieving high crop yields. Alternatives to controlling fungi with chemical products drive the search for new options for bioactive compounds from plants. Attalea geraensis, a palm tree from the Brazilian Cerrado, is rich in flavonoids with antifungal actions. The objective of this work is to identify the chemical classes present in the ethanolic extract of green leaves of A. geraensis and determine the antifungal potential of the extract against isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn. Phytochemical prospection, flavonoid dereplication, and antifungal activity were carried out of the ethanolic extract of the green leaves of A. geraensis harvested in the Cerrado area of Brazil. Steroids, triterpenes, saponins, and anthraquinones are described here for the first time for the leaves of A. geraensis. The flavonoids quercetin, isorhamnetin, 3,7-dimethylquercetin, quercetin 3-galactoside, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4H-chromen-4-one, rhamnazin 3-galactoside, keioside, and rhamnazin 3-rutinoside were identified. Of these, only quercetin and isorhamnetin had already been identified in the leaves of A. geraensis. The results show a fungistatic potential for the species. The diversity of flavonoids present in the leaves of A. geraensis may be the result of a synergistic action between fungus and plant or there could be an antagonistic effect between flavonoids and the other identified chemical classes.

Resumo Doenças fúngicas, especialmente as que afetam os sistemas radiculares das plantas, causadas por Rhizoctonia e Macrophomina, são fatores limitantes para obtenção de grande produtividade das culturas. Alternativas ao controle dos fungos com produtos químicos impulsionam a pesquisa de novas opções de compostos bioativos oriundos de plantas. A Attalea geraensis, uma palmeira do Cerrado brasileiro, é rica em flavonoides com ações antifúngicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as classes químicas presentes no extrato etanólico das folhas verdes de A. geraensis e determinar o potencial antifúngico do extrato frente a isolados de Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. e Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn. Realizou-se a prospecção fitoquímica, desreplicação de flavonoides e atividade antifúngica a partir do extrato etanólico das folhas verdes da A. geraensis, colhida em área de Cerrado do Brasil. Os esteroides, triterpenos, saponinas e antraquinonas estão sendo descritos pela primeira vez para as folhas de A. geraensis. Foram identificados os flavonoides quercetina, isoramnetina, 3,7-dimetilquercetina, quercetina 3-galactosídeo, 5,7-dihidroxi-2-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)-3-{[3,4,5-trihidroxi-6-(hidroximetil)oxan-2-il]oxi}-4H-cromen-4-ona, ramnazina 3-galactosídeo, keiosídeo e ramnazina 3-rutinosídeo. Destes, somente a quercetina e isorhamnetin já haviam sido identificadas nas folhas da A. geraensis. Os resultados indicam potencial fungistático para a espécie. Infere-se que a diversidade de flavonoides presentes nas folhas de A. geraensis pode ser resultado da ação sinérgica entre fungo e planta ou que haja um efeito antagonista entre os flavonoides e as demais classes químicas identificadas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.271577

11.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Transformation of Crotalaria ochroleuca: Production of Flavonoids from Hairy Roots
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Blank, Daiane E.

; Demuner, Antonio J.

; Carvalho, Jilma L. B.

; Firmino, Maria J. M.

; Figueiredo, Tainá S.

; Souza, Gustavo S. F.

; Zocolo, Guilherme J.

; Guedes, Jhonyson A. C.

; Faria, Daniele V.

; Vieira, Lorena M.

; Soares, Jéssica R.

; Fortini, Evandro A.

; Santos, Marcia A. C.

; Otoni, Wagner C.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 N. 12 Pages 1898 - 1908

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Crotalaria ochroleuca (Fabaceae) is rich in bioactive compounds used for nematode control. Transformed root culture allows the production of a large amount of hairy root biomass, conditioned by auxin biosynthesis-related genes integrated via the process of Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection, which is known to cause a hairy root phenotype. We transformed A. rhizogenes to increase the biomass of hairy roots and optimized the process of production of bioactive compounds. The transformed nature of hairy roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, which confers kanamycin resistance. The transformed roots were cultured in full-strength in liquid media to realize the growth of hairy roots and the production of bioactive compounds. The transformed roots were grown in a culture medium supplemented with elicitors to produce total phenols, and flavonoids. Chromatographic analysis of transformed roots revealed the presence of flavonoids apigenin-6,8-C-diglucoside and luteolin-6-C-glucoside. The results were obtained by conducting physiological and biochemical studies with the Flavonoids and studying the pathways that led to the production of large amounts of bioactive compounds from the hairy roots of C. ochroleuca. It was observed that the extraction of the compounds significantly affected nematodes and insect larvae, resulting in significantly high levels of economic damage to crops.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230083

12.

Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga VIII: An updated checklist for the Serra das Confusões region with new data from Serra Vermelha, Piauí, Brazil
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Marques, Ricardo

; Garda, Adrian A.

; Furtado, Adriana P.

; Bruinjé, Andre C.

; Protázio, Arielson dos S.

; de Carvalho, Breno F.

; Vieira, Cecília R.

; Gomes, Dandara

; Pantoja, Davi L.

; Figueiredo, Diainara da S.

; Shepard, Donald B.

; Camurugi, Felipe

; Coelho, Felipe E. A.

; Magalhães, Felipe M.

; Caetano, Gabriel H. O.

; Colli, Guarino R.

; Paulino, Henrique M.

; Carvalho, Izabelle T. S.

; Graciene, Joedma

; Alvarenga, Júlio M.

; Clay, Natalie A.

; Albuquerque, Ralph L.

; Bosque, Renan J.

; Faria, Renato

; da Silveira-Filho, Ricardo R.

; Mângia, Sarah

; Cavalcante, Vitor H. G. L.

; Vieira, Washington L. S.

; da Silva, Willianilson P.

; Soares, Yan F. F.

; Mesquita, Daniel O.

Biota Neotropica

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2023, Volume 23 N. 4 elocation e20231520

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract It is repeatedly stressed the need to characterize the extant biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. However, inventory studies are still progressing slowly in dry ecosystems, leading to the underestimation of their true biodiversity and hindering conservation efforts. In this study, we present primary and secondary data, along with an updated list of amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the São Francisco-Gurguéia region in Piauí. Additionally, we compare the species composition between nine areas within the Caatinga, which were sampled using standardized methods over the past ten years, to examine broader spatial patterns of community composition. To survey reptiles and amphibians, we employed similar methods and sampling efforts in two areas within the Serra das Confusões National Park (SCNP) region. Our surveys recorded a total of 73 species of amphibians and reptiles, of which 24 are new distribution records for the SCNP region. Consequently, our findings increase the known herpetofauna in the region to 94 species. Despite their proximity, the two sites in the SCNP region exhibited only 42% similarity in species composition, and they differed significantly from other areas within the Caatinga. Furthermore, even the closer Caatinga areas presented differences in species composition, highlighting the necessity to evaluate biodiversity across the landscape and contribute to understanding biogeographic patterns.

Resumo É repetidamente enfatizada a necessidade de caracterizar a biodiversidade vivente em ecossistemas tropicais. No entanto, os estudos de inventário ainda estão progredindo lentamente em ecossistemas secos, levando à subestimação de sua verdadeira biodiversidade e dificultando os esforços de conservação. Neste estudo, apresentamos dados primários e secundários, juntamente com uma lista atualizada de anfíbios e répteis de duas localidades na região de São Francisco-Gurguéia, do Piauí. Além disso, comparamos a composição de espécies entre nove áreas dentro da Caatinga, que foram amostradas usando métodos padronizados nos últimos dez anos, para examinar padrões espaciais mais amplos de composição da comunidade. Para estudar répteis e anfíbios, utilizamos métodos e esforços de amostragem semelhantes em duas áreas na região do Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões (PNSC). Nossos levantamentos registraram um total de 73 espécies de anfíbios e répteis, das quais 24 são novos registros de distribuição para a região do PNSC. Consequentemente, nossos resultados aumentam a herpetofauna conhecida na região para 94 espécies. Apesar da proximidade, os dois locais na região do PNSC exibiram apenas 42% de similaridade na composição de espécies e diferiram significativamente de outras áreas dentro da Caatinga. Mesmo áreas mais próximas da Caatinga apresentaram diferenças na composição de espécies, destacando a necessidade de avaliar a biodiversidade em toda a paisagem e contribuir para a compreensão de padrões biogeográficos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2023-1520

13.

SOIL COVER IS STRATEGIC TO REMEDY EROSION IN SANDY SOILS
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Flumignan, Danilton L.

; Gomes, Lidiane D.

; Motomiya, Anamari V. A.

; Oliveira, Gabriel Q. de

; Vieira Filho, Paulo S.

Engenharia Agrícola

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2023, Volume 43 N. 1 elocation e20220047

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Sandy-textured soils are naturally more vulnerable to the erosion process and their exploitation, although possible, is often performed inappropriately, favoring its degradation. In this context, this study aimed to classify the rainfall erosivity in a region of sandy soils to identify critical situations of soil and water loss and also correlate it with rainfall data to assess whether there is temporal dependence of this variable using geostatistical techniques. The potential for alternative and sustainable production systems to be used in regions with sandy soils was also analyzed. Historical data of precipitation in the study region were analyzed to determine the average monthly and annual erosivity indices, which were classified and its temporal dependence was assessed by applying geostatistics. NDVI data from satellite images were used to investigate the soil cover pattern in different production systems. Geostatistics was adequate for the analysis of rainfall erosivity, which showed moderate to strong temporal dependence. It was classified between strong and very strong and was highly dependent on precipitation, with events of higher erosion potential between October and March in the studied region. The vicious circle of degradation of sandy soils, such as those of the Bolsão region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, can be modified by adopting alternative and sustainable production systems that value the maximization of soil cover. Sandytextured Sandy textured exploitation possible inappropriately context techniques indices geostatistics Sul Brazil

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v43n1e20220047/2023

14.

Guarana propagation strategies: a review strategies
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Nascimento, A. P.

; Costa Neto, P. Q.

; Almeida, L. N.

; Vieira, L. F. S.

; Matos Júnior, W. A.

; Ferreira, C. C.

; Bezerra, C. S.

; Casas, L. L.

; Atroch, A. L.

; Pereira, J. O.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e275940

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O guaranazeiro [Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke] é uma espécie de grande importância econômica e social no Brasil, pois é o único produtor comercial de guaraná no mundo. O método de propagação vegetativa indicado para a cultura é a estaquia que visa produtividade, tolerância e uniformidade das cultivares clonais, isso porque a reprodução por sementes possui lenta germinação e alta variabilidade genética, o que nas variedades tradicionais é um fator indesejado. Fatores genéticos podem interferir na capacidade de enraizamento da cultura. Estudos buscam alternativas que possam melhorar essa condição e potencializar o sistema produtivo. Uso de reguladores de crescimento, microrganismos promotores do crescimento vegetal, variação de substratos e adubações, tem sido estratégias utilizadas. Ensaios preliminares sobre a taxa de enraizamento caulinar e germinação de sementes com uso de fitormônio exógenos não demonstraram efeitos expressivos em relação à não aplicação desses indutores. O uso de rizobactérias, apresenta-se como atividade promissora em muitas culturas, ainda não foi demonstrado na cultura do guaraná. Por outro lado, a influência de diferentes substratos sobre o enraizamento, já demonstrou resultados significativos em função da taxa de enraizamento. A adubação das plantas matrizes conforme recomendação do sistema de produção para a cultura, comprovadamente é um procedimento eficiente. Constata-se que ainda são escassos estudos voltados à melhoria da propagação do guaranazeiro, demonstrando que novos protocolos precisam ser explorados, ou que os protocolos já utilizados sejam revistos sob outra perspectiva. Paullinia var Mart. Mart (Mart. Ducke Brasil mundo produtividade clonais genética indesejado produtivo vegetal adubações utilizadas indutores rizobactérias apresentase apresenta se culturas lado eficiente Constatase Constata explorados perspectiva (Mart

Abstract Guarana [Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke] is a species of great economic and social important in Brazil, as it is the only commercial guarana producer in the world. The vegetative propagation method indicated for the culture is stem cuttings, which aims at productivity, tolerance, and uniformity of clonal cultivars, because reproduction by seeds has slow germination and high genetic variability, which in traditional varieties is an undesirable factor. Genetic factors can interfere with the rooting capacity of the crop. Studies seek alternatives that can improve this condition and enhance the production system. Use of growth regulators, microorganisms that promote plant growth, variation of substrates and fertilization, have been strategies used. Preliminary tests on the rate of stem rooting and seed germination with the use of exogenous phytohormone did not demonstrate in relation to the non-application of these inducers. The use of rhizobacteria, which presents itself as a promising activity in many cultures, has not yet been demonstrated in the culture of guarana. On the other hand, the influence of different substrates on rooting has already shown consistent results as a function of rooting rate. Fertilizing the mother plants as recommended by the production system for the crop has proven to be an efficient procedure. There are still few studies aimed at improving the spread of guarana, demonstrating that new protocols need to be explored, or that the protocols already used are reviewed from another perspective. Paullinia var Mart. Mart (Mart. Ducke Brazil world cuttings productivity tolerance cultivars variability factor regulators fertilization nonapplication non application inducers rhizobacteria cultures hand procedure explored perspective (Mart

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275940

15.

Biologically Active Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Produced by Rhizospheric Actinobacteria Strains Inhibit the Growth of the Phytopathogen Colletotrichum musae
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Brito, Maria V. de

; Fonseca, Wéverson L.

; Mafezoli, Jair

; Barbosa, Francisco G.

; Nunes, Fátima M.

; Mattos, Marcos C. de

; Santos, João E. A. dos

; Araujo, Francisca S. A.

; Vieira, Regimara F. B. S.

; Magalhães, Hilton C. R.

; Muniz, Celli R.

; Garruti, Deborah S.

; Ootani, Marcio A.

; Souza Netto, José M.

; Pinto, Licarion

; Viana, Francisco M. P.

; Oliveira, Maria C. F.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2022, Volume 33 N. 10 Pages 1172 - 1189

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The antifungal potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by actinobacterial strains Streptomyces sp. (ACTB-77) and Amycolatopsis sp. (ACTB-290) from the rhizosphere of Caatinga plants against Colletotrichum musae was investigated. VOCs produced by these microorganisms (axenic and co-culture) were investigated using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although no exclusive VOC peaks were observed in the co-culture with ACTB-77, the same experiment involving ACTB-290 yielded five new peaks, including two identified alcohols, suggested as bioreductive products of the corresponding ketones by the fungus. Statistical analysis revealed that co-culture ACTB-77/C. musae has a closer similarity to the fungus than to the actinobacteria, while the co culture ACTB-290/C. musae showed closer similarity to the actinobacteria. These confirmed the more pronounced antifungal activity of the ACTB-290 strain, as observed in the fungus growth inhibition experiments. The antifungal activity of ACTB-290 was associated to its sulfur-containing metabolites, while linalool was suggested as responsible for the ACTB-77 activity.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220037

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