Abstract Background Diagnosis of SS is a complex task, as no symptom or test is unique to this syndrome. The American-European Consensus Group (AECG 2002) and the American-European classification criteria of 2016 (ACR/EULAR 2016) emerged through a search for consensus. This study aims to assess the prevalence of Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), according to AECG 2002 and ACR-EULAR 2016 classifications, as well as clinical and histopathological features in this overlap. To date, there is no study that has evaluated SS in SLE, using the two current criteria. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated 237 SLE patients at the outpatient rheumatology clinic between 2016 and 2018. Patients were submitted to a dryness questionnaire, whole unstimulated salivary flow (WUSF), “Ocular Staining Score” (OSS), Schirmer’s test I (ST-I), and labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB). Results After verifying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 117 patients were evaluated, with predominance of females (94%) and mixed ethnicity (49.6%). The prevalence of SS was 23% according to AECG 2002 and 35% to ACR- EULAR 2016. Kappa agreement between AECG 2002 and ACR-EULAR 2016 were 0.7 (p < 0.0001). After logistic regression, predictors for SS were: anti/Ro (OR = 17.86, p < 0.05), focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (OR = 3.69, p < 0.05), OSS ≥ 5 (OR = 7.50, p < 0.05), ST I positive (OR = 2.67, p < 0.05), and WUSF ≤ 0.1 mL/min (OR = 4.13, p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of SS in SLE was 23% (AECG 2002) and 35% (ACR-EULAR 2016). The presence of glandular dysfunction, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis, and anti/Ro were predictors of SS in SLE. The greatest advantage of the new ACR-EULAR 2016 criteria is to enable an early diagnosis and identify the overlapping of these two diseases. ACR- EULAR 2016 criteria is not yet validated for secondary SS and this study is a pioneer in investigating prevalence based on the new criteria.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional status and dietary intake of pregnant women with sickle cell disease (SS hemoglobinopathy and SC hemoglobinopathy) to healthy controls and report the maternal and perinatal outcomes. METHODS: This is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Pregnant women with a diagnosis of sickle cell disease and control group were recruited in an outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Maternal anthropometric data and dietary intake data were collected at the second and third trimesters. RESULTS: A total of 49 pregnancies complicated by sickle cell disease were included. Prepregnancy body mass index was significantly lower in the SS hemoglobinopathy group (n=26, median 20.3 kg/m2) than the SC hemoglobinopathy group (n=23, 22.7 kg/m2) or control group (n=33, 23.2 kg/m2, p<0.05). The prepregnancy nutritional status revealed significantly more women classified as underweight in the SS hemoglobinopathy group (15.4%) than in the SC hemoglobinopathy group (4.4%) and control group (1.6%, p=0.009). In the second trimester, maternal protein intake was significantly lower in SS hemoglobinopathy (73.2 g/day) and SC hemoglobinopathy (68.8 g/day) than in the control group (95.7 g/day, p=0.004). In the third trimester, only SS hemoglobinopathy mothers showed dietary intake of protein significantly lower than that of the controls (67.5 g/day vs. 92.8 g/day, p=0.02). Vitamin A and E consumption was also reduced in the third trimester in the SS hemoglobinopathy group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The nutritional status of pregnant women with SS hemoglobinopathy is characterized by a state of undernutrition. The lower protein intake in the second and third trimesters of pregnant women with SS hemoglobinopathy may contribute to this condition. Undernourishment is a serious complication of sickle cell disease, primarily during pregnancy, and it should be addressed during the prenatal period.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate and financially compare the forest management system in alternates bands (MAB) and the selective management system (SS). The study was carried out at the MAGELA Project, located in the municipality of Codó, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The data was collected in six permanent plots of 50 x 200 m, located in the Annual Production Units (APU) nº 01 and 02. In the financial analysis, the net present value was used for infinite horizon (NPV), land expected value (LEV), equivalent annual value (EAV), benefit/cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR), average production cost (APC) and an annual discount rate of 9.0%. The MAB system was more financially viable for annual discount rates below 9.9%. However, at annual discount rates equal to or greater than 12%, the SS system was economically viable.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar financieramente el sistema de manejo forestal en bandas alternas (MAB) y el sistema de manejo selectivo (SS). El estudio se realizó en el Proyecto MAGELA, ubicado en el municipio de Codó, estado de Maranhão, Brasil. Recolectamos los datos en seis parcelas permanentes de 50 x 200 m, ubicadas en las Unidades de Producción Anual (APU) nº 01 y 02. En el análisis financiero, usamos el valor presente neto para horizonte infinito (VPN ), valor esperado del terreno ( LEV), valor anual equivalente (EAV), relación beneficio / costo (BCR), tasa interna de retorno (TIR), costo promedio de producción (APC) y una tasa de descuento anual del 9.0%. El sistema MAB era más viable financieramente para tipos de descuento anuales inferiores al 9,9%. Sin embargo, a tasas de descuento anuales iguales o superiores al 12%, el sistema de SS era económicamente viable.

Resumo A zínia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) é uma espécie amplamente cultivada e utilizada como planta ornamental no mercado floral mundial. Embora possua grande potencial para fitorremediação e compostos com atividades anti-infecciosas e antioxidante, poucos são os trabalhos que abordem sobre o processo de produção de suas mudas, principalmente utilizando substratos oriundos de resíduos orgânicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial do biossólido como componente de substrato no crescimento inicial de mudas de Zinnia elegans. As mudas foram produzidas em condições de viveiro com controle de luminosidade de 50%. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. Foram seis tratamentos, quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por substratos resultantes da mistura de terra de subsolo (TS) e biossólido (BIO) em diferentes proporções: 100% TS (controle); 80% TS + 20% BIO; 60% TS + 40% BIO; 40% TS + 60% BIO; 20% TS + 80% BIO; T6 100% BIO. Foram avaliadas as características morfológicas e de qualidade das mudas. Realizou-se a análise de regressão polinomial e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Houve ajuste de regressão quadrática para altura da planta, diâmetro do coleto, área foliar, clorofila total, massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e total. A característica razão altura/diâmetro foi a que menos se correlacionou com as demais, sendo observada correlação positiva apenas com altura da planta. O uso do biossólido na proporção de 60% na composição de substrato se mostrou eficiente para o crescimento inicial de mudas, pois apresentou as melhores respostas para a maioria das características morfológicas e de qualidade das mudas.

Abstract Zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) is a widely cultivated species and used as an ornamental plant in the world flower market. Although it has great potential for phytoremediation and compounds with anti-infective and antioxidant activities there are few studies that address the process of production of its seedlings especially using substrates from organic waste. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of biosolid as a substrate component in the initial growth of Zinnia elegans seedlings. The seedlings were produced in nursery conditions with 50% light control. The experimental design was entirely randomized. There were six treatments, four repetitions and five plants per plot. The treatments consisted of substrates resulting from the mixture of subsoil (SS) and biosolid (BIO) in different proportions: 100% SS (control); 80% SS + 20% BIO; 60% SS + 40% BIO; 40% SS + 60% BIO; 20% SS + 80% BIO; T6 100% BIO. The morphological and quality characteristics of the seedlings were evaluated. Polynomial regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were performed. Quadratic regression fitting was observed for plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, total chlorophyll, and shoot and root dry mass, as well as total dry mass. The shoot height/stem diameter ratio was the characteristic that correlated least with the others, being observed a positive correlation only with plant height. The use of biosolid in the proportion of 60% in the substrate composition proved to be efficient for the initial growth of seedlings as it showed the best responses for most morphological and quality characteristics of the seedlings.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a relação entre conteúdo de matéria seca (CMS) e índices de maturação na colheita e a qualidade de maçãs ‘Gala’ após a armazenagem. Maçã de quatro clones de ‘Gala’ produzidas em dois porta-enxertos e três regiões de cultivo foram usadas para os experimentos 1 e 2. Para todos os experimentos, a maturação dos frutos foi avaliada um dia após a colheita e os frutos armazenados foram avaliados após a retirada da câmara de armazenagem mais sete dias em 22°C. Para o experimento 2, os frutos foram colhidos no ponto de colheita comercial e armazenados sob atmosfera controlada a 0,7 oC por 195 dias. Para o experimento 3, frutos de dois pomares foram colhidos na maturação comercial e armazenados em atmosfera do ar a 1oC por 50, 110 ou 194 dias. O CMS não se alterou durante o estágio final de crescimento do fruto, embora tenha havido mudanças significativas na firmeza do fruto, índice de amido e teor de sólidos solúveis (SS) durante o mesmo período. Na colheita comercial, o CMS do fruto apresentou correlação com o SS, AT e firmeza da polpa. O CMS avaliado na colheita comercial também se correlacionou com o SS e AT após a armazenagem, mas não com a firmeza da polpa e o escurecimento da polpa (EP) após a armazenagem. O CMS reduziu ligeiramente durante o período de armazenagem. Os resultados mostram que o CMS não é uma medida confiável para monitorar a maturação das maçãs ‘Gala’ na planta nem para prever a firmeza da polpa e EP após armazenagem. No entanto, o CMS na colheita tem potencial para predizer o teor de SS e AT após a armazenagem, duas importantes características de qualidade dos frutos. A densidade dos frutos na colheita mostrou utilidade para predizer o risco de EP após o armazenamento.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the relationship among dry matter content (DMC) and maturity indexes at harvest and quality of ‘Gala’ apples after storage. Apple fruit of four ‘Gala’ strains produced on two rootstocks and three growing regions were used for experiments 1 and 2. For all experiments, fruit harvest maturity was assessed one day after harvest and stored fruit was assessed after removal from storage plus seven days at 22 °C. For experiment 1, fruit were harvested weekly along the final stages of growth and maturation on the tree. For experiment 2, fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and stored under a controlled atmosphere at 0.7 oC for 195 days. For experiment 3, fruit from two orchards were harvested at commercial maturity and stored in air at 1oC for 50, 110, or 194 days. DMC did not change during the final stages of fruit growth, however, there were significant changes in fruit firmness, starch index, and soluble solids content (SSC) during the same period. At the commercial harvest, fruit DMC showed high correlation with SSC, titratable acidity (TA) and firmness. DMC assessed at the commercial harvest also showed high correlation after storage with SSC and TA but not with firmness or flesh browning (FB). DMC decreased slightly during storage. The results show that DMC is not a reliable index to determine ‘Gala’ apple maturity at harvest, or to predict fruit firmness and FB after storage. However, DMC at harvest has potential to predict SSC and TA after storage, two important fruit quality traits. Fruit density at harvest showed utility to predict risk of flesh browning after storage.

RESUMO A falta de dados fluviométricos nas bacias hidrográficas interfere diretamente nas estimativas da capacidade de reservatórios de regularização, importantes no atendimento das demandas sazonais de água. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de metodologias utilizando-se séries sintéticas de vazão (SS) para dimensionar reservatórios de regularização na Bacia do Rio Jequitinhonha. A capacidade do reservatório (CR) foi estimada com e sem a associação ao período de retorno, a partir de diferentes valores de percentagem da vazão média de longo termo, utilizando-se SS obtidas a partir de dados observados e de dados estimados pelo processo de regionalização de vazões desenvolvido pelo Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados à CR obtida nos métodos regionalização da curva de regularização e regionalização da capacidade do reservatório. Os métodos que utilizam as séries sintéticas associadas ao período de retorno apresentaram melhor desempenho, com valores médios de superestimativas e subestimativas menores que 25 e 15%, respectivamente, estimando valores mais próximos daqueles que consideram a série de dados observados. Desta forma, o uso de metodologias para estimar CR utilizando SS mostrou-se adequado para locais sem monitoramento fluviométrico na Bacia do Rio Jequitinhonha.

ABSTRACT The lack of fluviometric data for hydrographic basins affects the estimates of capacity of regularization reservoirs, important to meet water seasonal demands. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of methodologies based on synthetic series (SS) of streamflow for the dimensioning of regularization reservoirs in the Jequitinhonha River Basin, Brazil. The reservoir capacity (RC) was estimated with and without the association to return period, using different long-term mean streamflow rates, SS from the observed data, and estimated data by the streamflow regionalization process developed by the Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas. The results obtained were compared to the RC obtained in regionalization methods of the regularization curve and regionalization of reservoir capacity. The methods that include synthetic series associated to return period presented better performance, with 25% and 15% lower overestimate and underestimate means, respectively, and estimated values closer to those that considered the observed data series. Therefore, the use of methodologies to estimate RC, using SS was adequate for the locations without fluviometric monitoring in the Jequitinhonha River Basin.

Resumo Aprendizagem socioemocional nem sempre é contemplada, com devido planejamento e embasamento científico, na educação infantil. Avaliou-se impacto de intervenção de Regulação Emocional (RE) no desempenho escolar e Habilidades Sociais (HS) de 55 crianças de escolas públicas, utilizando-se Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven (CPM), Teste de Desempenho Escolar e Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais (SSRS-BR).Após nove encontros de 50 minutos abordando estratégias de RE, avaliação de HS pelo professor indicou melhora em todos os aspectos de HS noGrupo Intervenção (GI) e piora no autocontrole no GrupoComparação (GC). Autoavaliação de HS mostrou que GI superou diferença inicial na assertividadee evitação de problemas. Os resultados sugerem que programas de RE podem trazer benefícios para o desenvolvimento das HS.

Abstract In early childhood education, socio-emotional learning is not always considered with appropriate planning nor based on scientific evidence. Aiming to analyze impact of an Emotional Regulation (ER) Intervention in school achievement and social skills (SS), fifty-five children from public schools were evaluated by Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM), School Achievement Test (TDE) and Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR). After nine 50-minute meetings addressing ER strategies, evaluation of SS by the teacher indicated improvement in all aspects of SS in Intervention Group (IG) and worsening of the self-control in Comparison Group (CG). Self-evaluation of SS showed that IG overcame the initial difference in assertiveness and problem avoidance. Results suggest that ER programs can bring benefits to the development of SS.

ABSTRACT Currently, agro-industrial by-products have increasingly been used in animal feeding, as they constitute an alternative source of nutrients for the animal diet and a way to simultaneously reduce environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to examine increasing levels of inclusion of coconut cake in Japanese quail diets in the laying phase on their production performance and egg quality. A total of 360 Japanese quails were allotted to eight treatments with nine replicates and eight birds per experimental unit, in a randomized-block design. Five diets were formulated: a diet without inclusion of the by-product; and diets containing 3, 6, 9, and 12% coconut cake. The experiment lasted 63 days, with evaluations occurring at every 21 days. The following variables were analyzed: feed intake, laying rate, feed conversion, egg weight, specific gravity, Haugh unit, yolk, albumen and shell percentage, shell thickness, and shell weight. The treatments elicited a positive linear response from laying rate, whereas feed conversion per egg mass decreased linearly. In terms of egg-quality traits, shell percentage was influenced, increasing linearly. Coconut cake inclusion at 12% in the diet of Japanese quail in the laying improved feed conversion per egg mass and increased egg-laying rate and eggshell percentage.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the deposition of selenium in the breast muscle of broilers fed different selenium sources during different periods. Two experiments were carried out with broilers fed 45% sodium selenite (SS) or 2% hydroxy-selenomethionine (HSM) to determine the selenium deposition rate in the muscle tissue. In Experiment 1, 48 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments with eight replicates each, consisting of diets containing 0 Se (0), 200 or 400 µgSS/kg (200 SS, 400 SS), or 100, 200, or 300 µgHSM/kg (100 HSM, 200 HSM, 300 HSM) for 10 days. The highest Se breast content was obtained with 300 HSM diet, followed by 200 SS diet compared to the other treatments. Experiment 2 had a completely randomized design following a plot scheme subdivided in time, and consisted of a basal diet supplemented with 300 µg SS/kg (300 SS), basal diet with 200 µg HSM/kg (200 HSM) or basal diet supplemented with 100 µgSS/kg and 100 µgHSM/kg (100 SS+100 HSM). Dietary Se sources did not influence Se breast content measured on days 3 and 6. However, on days 9 and 12, higher Se breast contents were measured in broilers fed 200 HSM and 100 SS+100 HSM diets compared with those fed 300 SS diet. In conclusion, the supplementation of broiler diets with HSM at 2% for a short period is more efficient to increase selenium deposition in the breast muscle than sodium selenite.

Resumo Os sintomas da deficiência de magnésio (Mg) têm sido bem documentados em plantas cultivadas. A relação entre a deficiência de Mg, como um importante fator de estresse abiótico, e a partição do açúcares, pode restringir o crescimento das raízes e limitar o sucesso do plantio no campo. Apesar disso, os efeitos fisiológicos primários da baixa disponibilidade de Mg permanecem amplamente desconhecidos no eucalipto. Este trabalho buscou investigar como a deficiência de Mg afeta aspectos bioquímicos da partição de açúcares, associados ao acúmulo de matéria seca em raízes de plantas jovens de Eucalyptus urophylla. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas 5 x 4, utilizando os seguintes níveis de Mg: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% na concentração da solução nutritiva de Clark. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 15, 30, 50 e 120 dias após o plantio (DAP) das mudas em vasos. Determinaram-se os teores de açúcares solúveis (SS) e redutores (RS), as atividades da invertase e da sacarose sintase (susy), e a matéria seca da parte aérea e da raiz. Aumentos nas concentrações de açúcares, tanto SS como RS, foram encontrados em tecidos foliares a partir de 30 DAP. Nos tecidos de raízes, os teores de RS e SS não apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos com deficiência de Mg e o controle. Diferenças significativas também não foram encontradas, tanto no acúmulo de matéria seca da raiz, como na razão matéria seca de parte aérea / raízes. A deficiência de Mg não afetou a clivagem de sacarose nas raízes, que foi predominantemente catalisada pela invertase ácida, seguida de susy e invertase neutra. Concluiu-se que Eucalyptus urophylla é tolerante à deficiência de Mg, uma vez que o acúmulo de açúcares nos tecidos foliares não foi suficiente para restringir o acúmulo de matéria seca nas raízes.

Abstract The symptoms of magnesium (Mg) deficiency have been well documented in crop plants. The relationship between Mg deficiency as an important abiotic stress factor and the sugar partitioning may restrict the root growth and limit the success of planting in the field. Despite of this, the primary physiological effects of low Mg availability remain largely unknown in eucalyptus. This paper aimed to investigate how the Mg deficiency affects biochemical aspects of sugar partitioning associated to dry matter accumulation in roots of Eucalyptus urophylla young plants, clone AEC 144. Experimental work was carried out in a greenhouse, arranged by completely randomized design, consisted by split plot 5x4, using the following Mg levels: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in the Mg concentration of Clark’s nutrient solution. Evaluations were performed at 15, 30, 50 and 120 days after seedlings planting (DAP) in pots. Soluble (SS) and reducing (RS) sugar contents, invertase and sucrose synthase (susy) activity and shoot and root dry matter were measured. Increased sugar concentrations, both SS and RS, were found in leaf tissues from 30 DAP. In root tissues, neither RS nor SS content showed differences between Mg deficiency treatments and control. Significant differences were also not found in both root dry matter accumulation and shoot/root dry matter ratio. The Mg deficiency did not affect sucrose cleaving in roots, which was predominantly catalyzed by acidic invertase, followed by susy and neutral invertase. We concluded that Eucalyptus urophylla is tolerant to Mg deficiency, because the sugar accumulation in the leaf tissues was not enough to constrain the dry matter accumulation in roots.

Resumo Objetivos: A hemoglobinopatia SC é a segunda variante mais comum da doença falciforme no mundo, após a hemoglobinopatia SS. Os objetivos do estudo foram descrever as características clínicas e laboratoriais da hemoglobinopatia SC em recém-nascidos diagnosticados por programa de triagem neonatal e encaminhados para acompanhamento em hemocentro. Metodologia: Coorte de 461 recém-nascidos SC nascidos entre 01/01/1999 e 31/12/2012 e seguidos até 31/12/2014. A incidência de eventos clínicos foi expressa por taxas relativas a 100 pacientes-ano, com limites de confiança a 95%. Curvas de sobrevida foram construídas segundo Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Mediana de idade, 9,2 anos; 47,5%, feminino. Médias dos valores hematológicos: hemoglobina 10,5 g/dL; reticulócitos 3,4%; leucometria 11,24 x 109/L; plaquetometria 337,1x109/L; hemoglobina fetal 6,3%. Eventos clínicos: sequestro esplênico agudo em 14,8%, hemotransfusão 23,4%, AVC isquêmico 0,2%. A incidência de episódios vaso-oclusivos dolorosos foi de 51 (48,9-53,4) por 100 pacientes-ano; a de infecções, 62,2 episódios (59,8-64,8) por 100 pacientes-ano. Doppler transcraniano (n = 71) foi normal, se usados os valores de referência de crianças SS. Dez pacientes usaram hidroxiureia, todos com melhoria das crises dolorosas. Retinopatia foi observada em 20,3% das 59 crianças que fizeram fundoscopia. Necrose avascular foi detectada em 7 de 12 pacientes avaliados, com predomínio no fêmur esquerdo. Ecocardiograma compatível com hipertensão pulmonar foi registrado em 4,6% de 130 crianças, com média estimada de 33,5 mm Hg de pressão arterial pulmonar. A taxa de mortalidade por todas as causas foi de 4,3%. Conclusões: A hemoglobinopatia SC tem gravidade variável; várias crianças apresentam manifestações clínicas intensas, semelhantes às da hemoglobinopatia SS.

Abstract Objectives: Hemoglobin SC is the second most common variant of sickle-cell disease worldwide, after hemoglobin SS. The objectives of the study were to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of hemoglobin SC disease in children from a newborn screening program and treated at a blood center. Methodology: This study assessed a cohort of 461 infants born between 01/01/1999 and 12/31/2012 and followed-up until 12/31/2014. Clinical events were expressed as rates for 100 patient-years, with 95% confidence intervals. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were created. Results: The median age of patients was 9.2 years; 47.5% were female. Mean values of blood tests were: hemoglobin, 10.5 g/dL; reticulocytes, 3.4%; white blood cells, 11.24 × 109/L; platelets, 337.1 × 109/L; and fetal hemoglobin, 6.3%. Clinical events: acute splenic sequestration in 14.8%, blood transfusion 23.4%, overt stroke in 0.2%. The incidence of painful vaso-occlusive episodes was 51 (48.9-53.4) per 100 patient-years and that of infections, 62.2 episodes (59.8-64.8) per 100 patient-years. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (n = 71) was normal given the current reference values for SS patients. Hydroxyurea was given to ten children, all of whom improvement of painful crises. Retinopathy was observed in 20.3% of 59 children who underwent ophthalmoscopy. Avascular necrosis was detected in seven of 12 patients evaluated, predominantly in the left femur. Echocardiogram compatible with pulmonary hypertension was recorded in 4.6% of 130 children, with an estimated average systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 33.5 mmHg. The mortality rate from all causes was 4.3%. Conclusions: Clinical severity is variable in SC hemoglobinopathy. Several children have severe manifestations similar to those with SS disease.

Resumo Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar as relações entre o conteúdo de matéria seca (CMS) e os índices de maturação de maçãs clones de ‘Fuji’ (‘Mishima’, ‘Fuji Select’ e ‘Fuji Suprema’) durante a fase final de crescimento dos frutos e as relações entre o CMS na colheita e a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos. Os frutos foram colhidos em plantas enxertadas sobre M9 ou Marubakaido com filtro M9, em Caçador, São Joaquim e Vacaria. No experimento 1 (2014), a maturação dos frutos foi monitorada periodicamente durante 83 dias antes da data de colheita comercial, em 2014. No experimento 2, os frutos foram colhidos em estádio de maturação ideal para longos períodos de armazenagem e armazenados sob atmosfera do ar a 0,5 ºC (2014) ou em estádio de maturação avançado e armazenados sob atmosfera controlada a 0,7 ºC (2014 e 2015). A maturação dos frutos foi caracterizada pela redução da firmeza da polpa e aumento do índice de amido e sólidos solúveis (SS), mas as mudanças no CMS foram mínimas nesse período. O CMS na colheita correlacionou-se com a firmeza de polpa e com o teor SS em somente um dos dois anos estudados e não foi associado com a incidência de desordens. Os resultados evidenciam que o CMS não é um bom indicador do estádio de maturação de maçãs ‘Fuji’, e seu emprego como indicador da qualidade pós-colheita não é consistente entre anos de produção, tornando seu uso limitado.

Abstract Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the relationship between dry matter content (DMC) and maturity index of ‘Fuji’ apple fruit sports (‘Mishima’, ‘Fuji Select’ and ‘Fuji Suprema’) during the final stage of fruit growth, and the relationship between DMC at harvest and the post-harvest fruit quality. Fruit were harvested from orchards of three regions (Caçador, São Joaquim and Vacaria), on two rootstocks (M9 and Marubakaido with M9 interstock). In experiment 1 (2014), fruit were periodically sampled beginning 83 days before the commercial harvest period. In experiment 2, fruit were harvested at optimum maturity for long-term storage and stored in air at 0.5 ºC (2014) or after optimum maturity for long-term storage and stored in controlled atmosphere at 0.7 ºC (2014 and 2015). Apple fruit maturity on the tree was characterized by decreased flesh firmness and increased starch index and soluble solids content (SS) and by a small change in DMC. DMC at harvest was correlated with flesh firmness and SS in one of two years, but DMC was not correlated with the incidence of disorders after storage. The results show that DMC at harvest is not suitable as a maturity index of ‘Fuji’ apples, and its use as a post-harvest quality predictor is not consistent between crop years.

Resumo Os frutos de maracujá-amarelo são altamente perecíveis após a colheita. Produtos orgânicos podem ter melhor qualidade nutricional e melhor conservação pós-colheita devido à aplicação de diferentes práticas culturais, como adubação orgânica e não utilização de pesticidas sintéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação orgânica na qualidade e na conservação pós-colheita de frutos de maracujá-amarelo. O pomar foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e quatro plantas da mesma linha por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram três tipos de adubações aplicadas no pomar: mineral (MIN), recomendada para a cultura; orgânica (ORG), equivalente à adubação potássica, recomendada para a cultura e 2 × ORG com o dobro da dose ORG. O adubo orgânico utilizado foi o esterco bovino parcialmente curtido. Os adubos mineral e orgânico foram aplicados superficialmente. Durante a colheita, os frutos foram classificados, de acordo com a massa, em tipo A (acima de 175 g), B (entre 125 e 175 g) e C (abaixo de 125 g). O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (adubações x classes de massa dos frutos), com seis repetições e 90 frutos por tratamento. Frutos de plantas adubadas com 2 × ORG apresentaram o mesmo rendimento de polpa (RDP) dos que receberam adubação MIN. Frutos da classe C e frutos de plantas adubadas com MIN apresentaram maior perda de massa. Não houve diferença entre as adubações e as classes de massa para o teor de sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT). Também não houve efeito das adubações na relação SS/AT, pH e teor de vitamina C; no entanto, frutos da classe B apresentaram, em média, maiores valores para esses aspectos da polpa. A dose de adubo orgânico equivalente à adubação ORG não foi suficiente para manter a qualidade dos frutos em relação ao RDP, porém os frutos provenientes de plantas adubadas com ORG e 2 × ORG conservaram-se com melhor qualidade comercial por maior período. A adubação orgânica, com esterco bovino, constitui eficiente alternativa para a manutenção da conservação pós-colheita dos frutos de maracujá-amarelo.

Abstract Yellow passion fruit are highly perishable after harvest. Organic products may have better nutritional quality and better postharvest conservation due to the application of different cultural practices such as organic fertilization and non-use of synthetic pesticides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic fertilization on the quality and postharvest conservation of yellow passion fruit. The orchard was installed in a completely randomized design with four replications and four plants on the same row per experimental unit. The treatments were three types of fertilization applied in the orchard: mineral (MIN) recommended for the crop; organic (ORG), equivalent to the recommended potassium fertilization for the crop and 2 × ORG with twice the ORG dose. The organic fertilizer used was partially cured cattle manure. The mineral and organic fertilizers were applied superficially. During the harvest, the fruits were classified according to mass, type A (above 175 g), B (between 125 and 175 g) and C (below 125 g). The experiment was developed in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (fertilization x fruit mass classes), with six replications and 90 fruits per treatment. Fruits of plants fertilized with 2 × ORG showed the same pulp yield (PY) of those that received MIN fertilization. Fruits of class C and fruits from plants fertilized with MIN showed greater weight loss. No difference between fertilization and mass classes was found for soluble solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA). There was also no effect of fertilization on the SS / AT ratio, pH and vitamin C content, however, class B fruits showed, on average, higher values for these pulp aspects. The dose of ORG fertilizer was not enough to keep the fruit quality in relation to the PY, but the fruits from plants fertilized with ORG and 2 × ORG kept up with better commercial quality for a longer period. The organic fertilizer with cattle manure is an efficient alternative to maintaining postharvest conservation of yellow passion fruit.

RESUMO: No âmbito do ensino de Ciências, a Situação de Estudo (SE) apresenta-se como proposição curricular, construída em parceria e no interior da tríade formada pelo docente universitário, o professor da escola e o licenciando. Por esses sujeitos, são elaboradas atividades estruturadas de forma contextualizada e interdisciplinar, priorizando a significação dos conceitos científicos com vistas a um novo entendimento, de maior generalidade, do contexto em estudo. Neste texto, apresenta-se um levantamento bibliográfico, do período de 2000 a 2015, tendo como fonte de dados 57 trabalhos sobre a SE e que estão publicados nos principais eventos e periódicos da área de ensino de Ciências. Os textos publicados foram analisados por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) e constatou-se a implementação de SEs, em espaços de interação coletiva formados pelos sujeitos envolvidos na composição triádica, bem como o uso da SE como proposta de inovação curricular. Os resultados apontam para a SE como uma possibilidade para se pensara reconfiguração curricular das Ciências da Natureza segundo recomendações de documentos oficiais e de pesquisas educacionais e, por conseguinte, uma via para se repensar a formação de professores.

ABSTRACT: In Science teaching field, the Study Situation (SS) presents itself as a curriculum proposal, built in partnership and within the triad formed by the university professor, the school teacher and the pre-service teacher. Collaboratively, these individuals are in charge for developing contextualized and interdisciplinary structured activities, prioritizing scientific concepts’ meanings and aiming to a new generalist understanding of the studied context. This paper presents a bibliographical survey from 2000 to 2015, having as data source 57 studies about SS that were published in main events and magazines in Science teaching field. The published texts were analyzed through Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) and it was verified the implementation of SSs in collective interaction spaces formed by the people composing the triad, as well as the use of SS as a proposal for curricular innovation. The results point to the SS as a possibility to think about the Natural Sciences curricular reconfiguration according to recommendations of official documents and educational researches and, therefore, a way to rethink teacher training.

RESUMEN: En el contexto de la enseñanza de las Ciencias, la Situación de Estudio (SE) se presenta como propuesta curricular, construida en asociación y al interior de la tríada formada por el profesor universitario, el profesor de la escuela y el licenciando. Por esos componentes, son elaboradas actividades estructuradas de forma contextualizada e interdisciplinaria, priorizando a la significación de los conceptos científicos apuntando hacia un nuevo entendimiento, de más generalidad, del contexto en estudio. En este texto se presenta un levantamiento bibliográfico del periodo de 2000 a 2015, teniendo como fuente de datos 57 trabajos sobre SE, los cuales fueron publicados en los principales eventos y periódicos del área de enseñanza de las Ciencias. Los textos publicados fueron analizados por medio del Análisis Textual Discursivo (ATD) y se verificó la implementación de SEs, en los espacios de interacción colectiva formados por los sujetos de la composición triádica, así como el uso de SE como propuesta de innovación curricular. Los resultados indican a la SE como una posibilidad para pensar sobre la reconfiguración curricular de las Ciencias Naturales según recomendaciones de documentos oficiales y de investigaciones educacionales y, por consiguiente, una vía para repensar la formación de profesores.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da manga ‘Ubá’ submetida à injúria mecânica de impacto. Os frutos foram colhidos, na safra 2012/2013, e deixados cair uma única vez sobre uma superfície plana e rígida, simulando o processo de colheita da manga ‘Ubá’, que consiste em derrubar todos os frutos de uma planta, quando os mesmos encontram se fisiologicamente maduros. As alturas de queda: zero, um, dois, três, quatro e cinco metros, formaram seis tratamentos. Após a queda, os frutos foram submetidos ao amadurecimento, e em seguida avaliados em relação à perda de massa fresca (PMF), presença de lesões externas (PLE), presença de lesões internas (PLI), teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), pH, relação SS/AT e vitamina C. Não houve diferença entre a perda de massa fresca dos frutos que sofreram queda e o controle. Com relação à PLE e PLI, a tendência é de aumento da injúria nos frutos relacionada a altura de queda. Os frutos que não sofreram queda apresentaram maior teor de SS que os demais, enquanto que os que caíram de uma altura de 5 m tiveram o teor de vitamina C reduzido em 27,78% em relação ao controle. A diminuição do teor de SS e vitamina C foi influenciada pelos danos provocados pelo impacto. Conclui-se que injúrias mecânicas de impacto interferem nos principais atributos de qualidade dos frutos e da polpa de manga ‘Ubá’.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of ‘Ubá’ mango fruit submitted to mechanical damage. The fruits were harvested in the 2012/2013 harvest, and let to drop once on a flat, hard surface, simulating the harvesting process of ‘Ubá’ mango, which is to drop all the fruits of a plant when they are physiologically mature. Treatments consisted of different drop heights (zero, one, two, three, four and five meters), totaling six treatments. After the fall, the fruits were submitted to ripening, and then evaluated for fresh mass loss (FML), presence of external lesions (PEL), presence of internal lesions (PIL), soluble solids content (SS),titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/TA ratio and vitamin C. There was no difference between fresh weight loss of the dropped fruits and control. Regarding the presence of external and internal lesions, damage in fruits due to drop height tends to increase. The fruits that were not dropped presented higher SS content than the others, while those that fell from a height of 5 m had the vitamin C content reduced by 27.78% compared to control. The decrease in SS content and vitamin C was influenced by damage caused by the impact. It is concluded that mechanical damage caused by the impact interferes in the main attributes of quality of fruits and pulp of “Ubá” mango.