Abstract Crop simulation models based on physiological processes are valuable tools for simulating crop production, estimating agronomic efficiency, and developing optimal management practices for sustainable agriculture. The objectives of this study were to calibrate the DSSAT model for the P-7928 corn cultivar and explore management strategies to improve crop production, which included sowing density, fertilization levels and edaphoclimatic conditions. The DSSAT model showed excellent performance. The simulated yields were related to those observed, and showed a Willmott index of 0.96. The square root of the mean square of the normalized error behaved with an acceptable value of 28% and R2 of 0.985, which shows the good fit of model and shows that it can be used to simulate the crop yield and its physiological components under Cuba conditions. The simulations performed show higher yield, when combining the sowing of 7 plants m-2 and a nitrogen fertilization of 150 kg ha-1. The comparative study of the yields in different edaphoclimatic conditions shows the influence of the latter on the crop response.

Resumen Los modelos de simulación de cultivos basados en procesos fisiológicos son herramientas valiosas para simular la producción de cultivos, estimar la eficiencia agronómica y desarrollar prácticas de manejo óptimas para la agricultura sostenible. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron calibrar el modelo DSSAT para el cultivar de maíz P-7928 y explorar estrategias de manejo para mejorar la producción del cultivo, que incluyeron densidad de siembra, niveles de fertilización y condiciones edafoclimáticas. El modelo DSSAT mostró un desempeño excelente. Los rendimientos simulados tuvieron relación con los observados, y mostraron un índice de Willmott de 0.96. La raíz cuadrada del cuadrado medio del error normalizado se comportó con un valor aceptable de 28 % y R2 de 0.985, lo que evidencia el buen ajuste del modelo y demuestra que se puede utilizar para simular el rendimiento del cultivo y sus componentes fisiológicos en las condiciones de Cuba. Las simulaciones realizadas muestran mayor rendimiento, al combinar la siembra de 7 plantas m-2 y fertilización nitrogenada de 150 kg ha-1. El estudio comparativo de los rendimientos en diferentes condiciones edafoclimáticas demuestra la influencia de estas últimas en la respuesta del cultivo.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar las características y factores asociados a la percepción de maltrato en internos de medicina del Perú. Materiales y métodos : Estudio multicéntrico, transversal y analítico. Se encuestaron a internos de medicina de dieciocho hospitales del Perú. Se aplicó una encuesta entre marzo y abril del 2016 que incluían características sociodemográficas y una escala que media la percepción de maltrato psicológico, físico y sexual. Se realizaron modelos lineales generalizados y se estimaron razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas (RPa) con intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados : Participaron 418 internos de medicina. El maltrato psicológico, físico y sexual percibido fue de 91,9%; 55,5% y 34%, respectivamente. Los factores asociados con el maltrato psicológico fueron proceder de una universidad privada (RPa:1,07; IC95%:1,01- 1,13), respecto al maltrato físico fueron la edad (RPa: 1,08; IC95%: 1,05-1,12), realizar internado en un hospital de la selva (RPa: 1,27; IC95%: 1,03-1,56) y en un hospital del Seguro Social (RPa:0,66; IC95%:0,44-0,94) y para el maltrato sexual el ser mujer (RPa:1,52; IC95%:1,15-2,01). Conclusiones : Existe una alta percepción de maltrato reportado por los internos de medicina siendo el psicológico el más frecuente. Existen diferencias en la percepción de maltrato psicológico y físico según el tipo de financiamiento de la universidad de procedencia y del hospital donde se realiza el internado. Una alta frecuencia de maltrato sexual fue reportada por mujeres luego de los tres primeros meses del internado hospitalario.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the characteristics and factors associated with the perception of abuse in medicine interns of Peru. Material and Methods : This is a cross-sectional multicenter and analytical study. Medicine interns from eighteen Peruvian hospitals were interviewed. A survey was administered between March and April 2016, which included socio-demographic characteristics and a scale measuring psychological and physical abuse, as well as sexual harassment perception. Generalized linear models were used and crude and adjusted prevalence rates (aPR) were estimated, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: 418 medical interns participated in the study. Psychological and physical abuses were perceived by 91,9% and 55,5% of the studied population. Sexual harassment was perceived by 34% of all interviewed interns. Associated factors with psychological abuse were studied in a private university (aPR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.13). Factors associated with physical abuse were age (aPR: 1.08; 95% IC: 1.05-1.12), performing internship in an Amazonian area hospital (aPR: 1,27; 95% CI: 1,03-1,56), and in a Social Security Hospital (aPR: 0,66; 95% CI: 0,44-0,94); and for sexual harassment, being female was the main associated factor (aPR: 1,52; 95% CI: 1,15-2,01). Conclusions: There is a high perception of abuse experienced by medicine interns, being psychological abuse the most frequent condition. There are some differences in the perception of psychological and physical abuse, according to the medical school the interns come from, as well as with respect to the healthcare facility where internship is performed. A high frequency of sexual harassment was reported by female interns after three months of having started their training period.

ABSTRACT N-acetylcysteine is known in a number of medical specialties and its ability to decrease the impact of reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction has boosted its use in cardiology over the past decades. N-acetylcysteine has a far-reaching range of effects since it functions as a protective agent against oxygen radicals through sulfhydryl groups in important regions of the cell membrane that interfere and affect endothelial functioning and complex adhesion processes as side effects; as well as other phenomena of the extravascular compartment. These processes are closely related to the cardiovascular system.

RESUMEN La N-acetilcisteína es conocida en varias especialidades médicas. Su empleo en cardiología se ha incrementado desde hace décadas, por su potencial para disminuir el impacto del daño por reperfusión en el infarto miocárdico agudo. Pero el espectro de sus efectos es aún mayor, tiene acciones sobre los radicales de oxígeno, con un papel protector, por la vía de los grupos sulfhidrilos de regiones importantes de la membrana celular, los cuales interfieren y tienen efecto en la función endotelial y en los procesos complejos de adhesión como efectos secundarios; así como otros fenómenos del compartimento extravascular. Estos procesos están estrechamente relacionados con el aparato cardiovascular.

Abstract: Chromium is one of the largest inorganic pollutants in water and soil in Paraguay, causing serious environmental problems. This metal comes mainly from tannery effluents that are dumped into water courses. The aim of this work was to use alternative remediation techniques for the treatment of waters with high chromium content, using natural media (plants), in a process called phytoremediation. Specimens of Eicchornia crassipes were subjected to controlled contamination with Cr3+ for 20 days and the maximum tolerated concentration during the whole period of the experiment was considered to study the cup and the absorption capacity of Cr3+ from the species. The kinetic constants of this process were: constant absorption: Kab= 0.10 days -1, and absorption half time: t= 6.8 dys. In the final tannery effluent with 22.4 mg.L-1 of Cr3+, at 48 hours there was almost complete absorption of the chromium supplied, leaving 1.28 mg.L-1 of chromium in the effluent. The chromium translocation factors for E. crassipes were 0.008 and 0.02 in well water and effluent respectively and bioaccumulation factors were 11.6 and 3.2 respectively. No significant differences were found between the chlorophyll content in the plants exposed in chromium solution compared to the control. Neither was oxidation found from Cr3+ to Cr6+ spectrophotometrically measured.

Resumen: El cromo es uno de los mayores contaminantes inorgánicos de las aguas y del suelo en el Paraguay, acarreando serios problemas ambientales. Este metal proviene principalmente de efluentes de curtiembres que son vertidos a cursos de aguas. El objetivo de este trabajo es emplear técnicas de remediación alternativas para el tratamiento de aguas con alto contenido de cromo, utilizando medios naturales (plantas), en un proceso denominado fitorremediación. Ejemplares de Eichhornia crassipes fueron sometidos a una contaminación controlada con Cr3+ durante 20 días y se consideró la máxima concentración tolerada durante todo el periodo del experimento para estudiar la taza y la capacidad de absorción del Cr3+ de la especie. Las constantes cinéticas de este proceso fueron: constante de absorción K0,10 días -1, y tiempo medio de absorción: t1/2= 6,8 días. En el efluente final de curtiembre, con 22,4 mg.L-1 de Cr3+, a las 48 horas se produjo una absorción casi completa del cromo suministrado, quedando en el efluente 1,28 mg.L-1 del cromo. Los factores de translocación del cromo para E. crassipes fueron 0,008 y 0,02 en agua de pozo y efluente respectivamente y los factores de bioacumulación 11,6 y 3,2 respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el contenido de clorofila en los vegetales expuestas en solución de cromo en comparación con el control. Tampoco se encontró oxidación del Cr3+ a Cr6+ medidos espectrofotométricamente.

The aim of this article is to define an indicators system for impact assessment of technological management in rice crop (Oryza sativa L) in Farmer and Cooperative Sector by means of expert judgment. A questionnaire was made from the literature review. The Delphi method was applied with two rounds to the panel of experts, after the selection process and determination of their proficiency levels. Data processing consisted in obtaining the categories per indicator. In addition, the Variation Coefficient (CV) and Kendall Coefficient (W) were calculated with SPSS software version 20 for Windows. The p-value in validating the expert judgment was used and qualitative analysis of the survey open questions was made. The final proposal included 30 indicators in four dimensions: Technological (9), Economic (6), Social (7) and Environmental (8). The results showed that indicators of Technological and Environmental Dimensions are the most influential and among them, the Harvest Time and Varieties Diversity according Varietal Policy for rice crop.

El objetivo del presente artículo es definir un sistema de indicadores para la evaluación del impacto de la gestión tecnológica en el cultivo del arroz (Oryza sativa L.) para el Sector Cooperativo y Campesino por medio del criterio de expertos. Se confeccionó el cuestionario a partir de la revisión documental. Se aplicó el método Delphi con dos circulaciones al panel de expertos, después de realizado el proceso de selección y determinación del nivel de competencia de éstos. El procesamiento de los datos consistió en la obtención de las categorías por indicador. Además, se calcularon los estadígrafos Coeficiente de Variación (CV) y el Coeficiente de Concordancia de Kendall (W) con el software SPSS versión 20 sobre Windows. Se empleó el valor p en la validación del criterio de los expertos y se efectuó el análisis cualitativo de las preguntas abiertas del cuestionario. La propuesta final abarcó 30 indicadores en cuatro dimensiones: Tecnológica (9), Económica (6), Social (7) y Ambiental (8). Los resultados mostraron que los indicadores de las Dimensiones Tecnológica y Ambiental son los de mayor influencia y entre ellos; el Momento de cosecha y la Diversidad de variedades según la Política Varietal para el cultivo del arroz.

The objective of this research was to establish the differences in self-determination of college students between those who do not practice physical activity and those who practice it, depending on the type of physical activity and physical activity level. This study involved 208 college students, 64.9% women and 35.1% men. To define the self-determined motivation, the Questionnaire of the Behavior Regulation in Exercise (BREQ-3) of González-Cutre, Sicilia & Fernández (2010) was used; and to determine the physical activity level, the score obtained by the Questionnaire of Physical Activity Habits of Godard & collaborators (2008) was used. The results indicate that for every type of self-regulated motivation, except the introjected, statistically significant differences are found between the group of college students who do not practice physical activity and the group of college students who practice any form of physical activity, in the total scale the means are statistically different between those who obtained an insufficient level of physical activity in comparison of those with an excellent level of physical activity. It is concluded that there is a positive relationship between the practice of physical activity and a more self-determined behavior.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as diferenças na autodeterminação estudantes universitários entre aqueles que não praticam atividade física e aqueles que a praticam, dependendo do tipo de atividade física e nível de atividade física. A amostra consistiu em 208 sujeitos, 64,9% mulheres e 35,1% homens. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos, o Questionário do Regulamento de Comportamento no Exercício (BREQ-3) e Questionário de Hábitos de atividade física. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a regulação Identificada é prevalente na amostra avaliada. Na Escala total, os meios são estatisticamente diferentes entre aqueles que obtiveram um nível insuficiente de atividade física em comparação com aqueles com um excelente nível de atividade física. Conclui-se que existe uma relação positiva entre a prática da atividade física e um comportamento mais autodeterminado.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las diferencias en la autodeterminación de los universitarios según el sexo y si practican o no de manera regular o mantenida AF. Así como conocer el nivel de actividad física y su relación con los tipos de regulación. En el estudio participaron 208 sujetos, el 64.9% mujeres y 35.1% hombres. De la muestra total el 62.5% practican actividad física y el 37.5% no lo hace. La media de edad de los participantes es de 20,16 años. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos, el Cuestionario de la Regulación de la Conducta en el Ejercicio (BREQ-3) y el Cuestionario de Hábitos de Actividad Física. Los resultados obtenidos indican la regulación Identificada es la que prevalece en la muestra evaluada. Respecto al sexo, los hombres tienen una media más alta en motivación integrada en comparación con las mujeres. En cuanto las diferencias en los niveles de motivación según el tipo de actividad física practicada o la ausencia se encontraron diferencias significativas en todos los factores excepto en la motivación introyectada entre los sedentarios y los demás grupos. Por último, se encontró diferencias significativas en los factores de regulación Integrada y en Escala Total con los niveles regular o excelente de actividad física.

The study aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of zoonotic gastrointestinal helminths present in rodents (Rattus spp) in three environments (pig farms, zoo and food markets) of Lima, Peru and estimate the association between the presence of helminths and the variables place of origin, species, age and sex. A total of 245 rodents (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvergicus) were captured alive using live trap cages and were subsequently euthanized. Skulls, skin, teeth and morphometric parameters were used for taxonomic classification of species. Stomach and small and large intestine were collected. The helminths found were placed in 70% alcohol and selected tissues were preserved in 10% formalin. The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in rats was 72.2% whereas the prevalence of zoonotic helminth was 46.5%. Four species of zoonotic importance were found: Raillietina demerariensis, Gongylonema neoplasticum, Hymenolepis diminuta and Moniliformis moniliformis, where the latter two were more frequent in the three ecosystems. Other helminths identified were Mastophorus muris, Heterakis spumosa, Aspicularis tetrapera, Syphacia muris, Trichuris muris, Capillaria sp and Vampirolepis fraterna. The histopathological findings included a decrease in size of the villi, detachment of epithelial cells, increased numbers of goblet cells and enterocytes with eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages associated with H. diminuta, M. moniliformis and R. demerariensis

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y determinar la prevalencia de helmintos gastrointestinales de importancia zoonótica presentes en roedores (Rattus spp) en tres medioambientes (granjas porcinas, zoológico y mercados de abastos) de Lima, Perú, así como estimar la asociación entre presencia de helmintos y las variables lugar de procedencia, especie, edad y sexo. Se capturaron 245 (Rattus rattus y Rattus norvergicus) roedores mediante el uso de trampas de captura viva. Cráneos, piel, carta dentaria y parámetros morfométricos se utilizaron para la clasificación taxonómica de las especies. Se colectó el estómago y el intestino delgado y grueso. Los helmintos se colocaron en alcohol 70% y los tejidos fueron preservados en formol 10%. La prevalencia de helmintos gastrointestinales fue de 72.2%, en tanto que la prevalencia de helmintos zoonóticos fue de 46.5%. Se hallaron cuatro especies de importancia zoonótica: Raillietina demerariensis, Gongylonema neoplasticum, Hymenolepis diminuta y Moniliformis moniliformis; estos dos últimos de mayor frecuencia en los tres ecosistemas. Otros helmintos identificados fueron Mastophorus muris, Heterakis spumosa, Aspicularis tetrapera, Syphacia muris, Trichuris muris, Capillaria sp y Vampirolepis fraterna. Los hallazgos histopatológicos mostraron disminución del tamaño de las vellosidades intestinales, desprendimiento de células epiteliales, aumento del número de células caliciformes y enterocitos con presencia de eosinófilos, linfocitos, plasmocitos y macrófagos asociados a H. diminuta, M. moniliformis y R. demerariensis

It consists on the automation of the Method Delphy, which one of the subjective methods is considered of predicting more reliable, it constitutes a procedure to make a square of the evolution of complex situations, through the statistical elaboration of the opinions of experts in the treated topic. The same one allows to surpass the mark of the most signal current conditions in a phenomenon and to reach an integral and wider image of their possible evolution, reflecting the individual valuations of the experts, which will be able to be based, so much in a strictly logical analysis as in their intuitive experience. This program has been used evaluation of the impact of the technological administration of the cultivation of the rice, in the Cooperative Sector and Peasant.

Consiste en la automatización del Método Delphy, el cual es considerado uno de los métodos subjetivos de predecir más confiables, constituye un procedimiento para confeccionar un cuadro de la evolución de situaciones complejas, a través de la elaboración estadística de las opiniones de expertos en el tema tratado. El mismo permite rebasar el marco de las condicionantes actuales más señaladas de un fenómeno y alcanzar una imagen integral y más amplia de su posible evolución, reflejando las valoraciones individuales de los expertos, las cuales podrán estar fundamentadas, tanto en un análisis estrictamente lógico como en su experiencia intuitiva. Este programa ha sido utilizado evaluación del impacto de la gestión tecnológica del cultivo del arroz, en el Sector Cooperativo y Campesino.

Child health evaluation is performed by following the child's growth and development. Therefore, the importance of understating the growth of premature children who remained hospitalized is emphasized. The objective was to describe the growth pattern of premature infants followed in the nursing outpatients clinic during the first year after hospital discharge. In this quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study, data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics using the R. Software. The subjects were 25 preterm infants followed at the preterm infant follow-up outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in the state of Paraná, between October of 2009 and September of 2010. Cephalometry showed an improved growth profile, with early catch up, followed by a discrete increase in weight and height. The identification of the weight-height growth after hospital discharge provides support to improve health care to this group, aiming interventions for their healthy growth and minimizing possible complications.

La evaluación de salud del niño se obtiene por seguimiento del crecimiento y desarrollo infantil. Así, se resalta la importancia de conocer cómo transcurre el crecimiento de niños prematuros que permanecieron hospitalizados. Se objetivó describir el estándar de crecimiento de prematuros en seguimiento en ambulatorio de enfermería durante el primer año luego del alta hospitalaria. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo, analizando datos por estadística descriptiva, utilizando el Programa R. Integraron el estudio 25 prematuros atendidos en el ambulatorio de seguimiento al prematuro de un hospital escuela de Paraná, entre octubre 2009 y setiembre 2010. El perímetro encefálico mostró mejor perfil de crecimiento, con catch up precoz, seguido de aumento discreto del peso y longitud. Identificando el crecimiento pondoestatural luego del alta hospitalaria, se proponen ayudas para mejorar la atención de la salud de este grupo, dirigiendo acciones a su crecimiento saludable y minimizando posibles secuelas.

A avaliação da saúde da criança se dá pelo acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil. Desta forma, ressalta-se a importância de conhecer como ocorre o crescimento de crianças nascidas prematuramente e que permaneceram hospitalizadas. Objetivou-se descrever o padrão de crescimento dos prematuros acompanhados no ambulatório de enfermagem durante o primeiro ano após a alta hospitalar. Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo, que analisou dados pela estatística descritiva com uso do Programa R. Integraram o estudo 25 prematuros, acompanhados no ambulatório de seguimento do prematuro de um hospital escola do Paraná, de outubro de 2009 a setembro de 2010. O perímetro cefálico mostrou melhor perfil de crescimento, com catch up precoce, seguido de aumento discreto no peso e comprimento. Identificando o crescimento pondoestatural após a alta hospitalar, propicia-se subsídios para aprimorar a assistência à saúde desse grupo, direcionando ações ao seu crescimento saudável e minimizando possíveis sequelas.

In the Federal Institute of Bahía State, City of Senhor do Bonfim, northeastern Brazil, it was conducted a study of verification of saline stress of the shrubby castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cv. BRS Energía. This plant usually grows in rainfed agriculture, an important characteristic for family small farmers in this typically semiarid region, and was chosen because it is a source of raw material for extraction of biodiesel. The average growth cycle of this variety is 120 d. Plants were grown in drainage lysimeters and irrigated with water with seven levels of salinity (electrical conductivity, ECa): 0.12 (control), 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, 4.0 and 4.8 dS m-1 , to quantify the absorbed water and evapotranspiration (ET). The experiment began in September 2008, and ended at 79 d after germination (DAG). A completely randomized design was used with three replicates and 21 experimental units. Data analysis was performed using the program SISVAR (p≤0.05). There was a gradual influence on water absorption by plants according to the saline level; thus, the higher absorption (2134.67 L) was with the treatment with lower ECa and the lowest (1051.12 L) with treatment with higher ECa, throughout the study period.

En el Instituto Federal del estado de Bahía, ciudad de Senhor do Bonfim, al nordeste del Brasil se realizó un estudio de verificación de estrés salino del arbusto ricino (Ricinus communis L.), cv. BRS Energía. Esta planta se cultiva normalmente en secano, característica importante para la agricultura familiar del campesino de esta región típicamente semiárida, y fue elegida porque es una fuente de materia prima para la extracción de biodiesel. El ciclo promedio de crecimiento de esta variedad es de 120 d. Las plantas fueron cultivadas en lisímetros de drenaje y regadas con agua con siete niveles de salinidad (conductividad eléctrica, ECa): 0.12 (testigo), 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, 4.0 y 4.8 dS m-1 , y se cuantificó el agua absorbida y la evapotranspiración. El experimento comenzó en septiembre de 2008 y finalizó 79 d después de la germinación (DDG). El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con tres repeticiones y 21 unidades experimentales. Los análisis de los datos se efectuaron con el programa SISVAR (p≤0.05). Hubo una influencia gradual en la absorción de agua por las plantas de acuerdo con el nivel salino; así, la mayor absorción (2134.67 L) fue con el tratamiento con menor ECa y la menor (1051.12 L) con el tratamiento con mayor ECa, en todo el período del estudio.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os estudos com stents farmacológicos têm avaliado predominantemente populações masculinas de descendência europeia. O estudo de braço único SPIRIT Women avalia o stent eluidor de everolimus XIENCE TM V em lesões de novo complexas em uma população feminina do mundo real, incluindo pacientes latino-americanas. Esta análise permite compreender como essa população responde ao implante de stent, comparativamente a pacientes não-latino-americanas. MÉTODOS: Das 1.572 pacientes matriculadas em 73 locais fora dos Estados Unidos, 138 (9%) foram recrutadas na Argentina, no Brasil e na Venezuela. RESULTADOS: As lesões-alvo tinham diâmetro de referência do vaso entre 2,25 mm e 4 mm e extensão da lesão ≤ 28 mm. As características basais foram semelhantes entre os grupos, com exceção de maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial, infarto do miocárdio (IM) de parede anterior e história familiar de doença arterial coronária na coorte latino-americana. As lesões tendiam a ser mais complexas em mulheres latino-americanas, com menor diâmetro de referência do vaso-alvo, maior extensão da lesão, maior excentricidade e angulação e mais lesões tipo B2/C. Os eventos foram adjudicados de acordo com as definições do Academic Research Consortium. Em um ano, o desfecho combinado de morte por todas as causas, IM e revascularização do vaso-alvo (RVA) foi de 12,1% na população não-latino-americana e de 10,1% na população latino-americana (P = 0,58). CONCLUSÕES: Em um ano, os baixos índices de eventos cardíacos adversos, incluindo trombose do stent, falha da lesão-alvo, morte cardíaca, IM e RVA nas mulheres latino-americanas foram comparáveis aos das mulheres não-latino-americanas, apesar da maior complexidade das lesões. Esses resultados demonstram a segurança e a eficácia do stent XIENCE TM V nessa pequena coorte de pacientes latino-americanas, à semelhança do que é observado com populações maiores e mais variadas.

BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stent trials have predominantly examined male populations of European descent. SPIRIT Women single-arm study evaluates the XIENCE TM V everolimus-eluting stent in complex de novo lesions in a real world female population, including Latin American patients. This analysis provides an insight into how this population responds to stenting when compared to non-Latin American patients. METHODS: Of the 1,572 patients enrolled from 73 non-US sites, 138 (9%) were recruited from Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela. RESULTS: Target lesions had reference vessel diameter ranging between 2.25 mm and 4 mm and lesion length ≤ 28 mm. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups, with exception to a higher prevalence of hypertension, anterior myocardial infarction (MI) and family history of coronary artery disease in the Latin American cohort. Lesions tended to be more complex in Latin American women with a smaller reference vessel diameter, longer lesion length, increased eccentricity and angulation, and more type B2/C lesions. Events were adjudicated according to the guidelines of the Academic Research Consortium. At 1 year, the composite endpoint of death, MI and target vessel revascularization (TVR) was 12.1% in the non-Latin American population and 10.1% in the Latin American population (P = 0.58). CONCLUSIONS: At 1 year, the low rates of adverse cardiac events, including stent thrombosis, target lesion failure, cardiac death, MI and TVR in Latin American women were comparable to those of the non-Latin American women, despite the higher complexity of lesions. These results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the XIENCE TM V stent in this small cohort of Latin American patients, in line with what is observed in larger and more varied populations.

A grande variedade de angiospermas apontou a necessidade do desenvolvimento de sistemas de classificação botânica apoiada pela fitoquímica, bioquímica e outras. Recentemente, técnicas de análise utilizadas para o isolamento e caracterização de metabólitos secundários vêm sendo empregadas como métodos auxiliares rápidos e eficientes para identificação e classificação de espécies vegetais. M. salicifolia é popularmente conhecida no Brasil, como "cafezinho". O chá obtido a partir de folhas frescas é usado topicamente para aliviar pruridos e sintomas alergiformes. Este trabalho apresenta a utilização do CCD em sílica gel e espectrofotometria no UV / Vis como métodos auxiliares na identificação botânica de M. salicifolia. Os resultados demonstraram que este processo pode ser usado na diferenciação de plantas do mesmo gênero, assim como detectar variações químicas entre indivíduos de uma mesma espécie.

The great variety of angiosperms shows the need to development of botanical classification systems supported by phytochemistry, biochemistry and others. Recently, techniques of analysis used for the isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites have been employed as auxiliary quick and efficient methods for the identification and classification of plant species. M. salicifolia is popularly known in Brazil, as "small coffee" and decoct obtained from its fresh leaves is topically used to alleviate itches and other skins allergic symptoms. This work presents the use of TLC and UV/Vis spectrophotomety processes to be applied like an auxiliary method in botanical taxonomy. The results demonstrate that this process can be used in differentiation of the same genera species, and in the selection of chemical variations between individuals of the same species.

Fibromyalgia is considered at present a multisystemic disease with a possible dysautonomic pathogeny. The objective of this paper was to determine in the patients from the health area the relation between fibromyalgia (FM) and the alterations of the autonomous nervous system. A one-year prospective cross-sectional case-control study was conducted, percentages were estimated, and an univariant analysis for centralization and dispersion measures, relative risk (RR) and CI 95 %, was made. Chi square tests of statistical significance, exact test (Fisher) and Student's t test were made to study the association between fibromyalgia and dysautonomia in different groups. The mean age of the patients with FM was 46.1 years old and ± 1 aged 10.6 , with predominance between 30 and 50 years old. 31 of them (62 %) presented orthostatic hypotension. This finding was highly significant on comparing them with the control group, where it was only observed in 11of the 50 cases (22 %). It was concluded that orthostatic hypotension could be a risk factor for suffering from FM, which would explain the possible pathogenic role of dysautonomia stated in this disease.

La fibromialgia es considerada actualmente una enfermedad multisistémica con una posible patogenia disautonómica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar, en las pacientes del área de salud, la relación entre la fibromialgia (FM) y las alteraciones del sistema nervioso autónomo. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de sección transversal de casos y controles, en el período de 1 año, se estimaron porcentajes, análisis univariante para medidas de centralización y de dispersión, riesgo relativo (RR) e IC 95 %. Para estudiar la asociación entre las variables fibromialgia y disautonomía se hicieron pruebas de significación estadística Chi cuadrado X2 exacta de Fisher y la t de Student, todas para grupos independientes. Las pacientes con FM tuvieron una media de edad de 46,1 años y ± 1 DE 10,6 años, con predominio entre los 30 y los 50 años. Se presentó hipotensión ortostática en 31 de ellas (62 %), este hallazgo fue altamente significativo al compararlas con el grupo control, en el cual solamente fue apreciada en 11 de los 50 casos (22 %). Se concluyó que la hipotensión ortostática podría ser un factor de riesgo para padecer FM lo cual explicaría además el posible papel patogénico de la disautonomía planteado en esta enfermedad.

O complexo de percevejos da soja possui um grande potencial de dano, seu controle é difícil ao final da safra por suas elevadas densidades populacionais. Trabalhos relacionados com organismos entomopatogênicos em percevejos são interessantes devido a suas possibilidades como agentes de controle e porque eles podem ser agentes causais de doenças em criação massal. A prevalência de tripanossomatídeos foi determinada nas espécies mais importantes da cultura da soja, no Brasil, Nezara viridula (L.), Euschistus heros (Fabricius) e Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood). Os insetos foram coletados na soja e hospedeiros alternativos durante a entressafra. Gotas de hemolinfa de cada adulto foram montadas em lâminas e observadas ao microscópio; o número de percevejos com e sem flagelados foi registrado. Os flagelados encontrados nas populações de P. guildinii e E. heros foram menores que os observados em N. viridula. A maior prevalência dos tripanossomatídeos foi observada nos espécimes de N. viridula coletados na soja alcançando 30% de infecção em janeiro, 2001, e 44% prevalência em fevereiro de 2003. Em P. guildinii as máximas prevalências foram observadas em janeiro e fevereiro de 2003 (16%) e em 27 de julho de 2003 com 20% dos espécimes infectados. Os flagelados na hemolinfa de E. heros foram menos freqüentes (máxima prevalência de 8,7%), sugerindo que esta espécie é menos suscetível que N. viridula e P. guildinii. Embora os níveis de prevalência sejam mais elevados que os observados para fungos entomopatogênicos, os tripanossomatídeos não parecem ser eficientes reguladores das populações de percevejos de percevejos em curto prazo.

The stink bug complex in soybeans has a great potential to cause damage, their control has been difficult due to high population densities at the end of the season. Studies related to entomopathogenic organisms in stink bugs are interesting for their possibilities to be used as biological control agents and because they could be an etiological agent in mass rearing. We determined the prevalence of trypanosomatids in the most important species of the stink bug complex in soybean, from Brazil, Nezara viridula (L.), Euschistus heros (Fabricius) and Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood). Insects were collected in soybean and on alternate hosts during the intercrop season. Hemolymph drops from each adult were mounted on slides and observed under microscope; stink bug numbers with and without flagellates were recorded. The flagellates found in P. guildinii or E. heros populations were smaller than that found in N. viridula. The higher prevalence of the trypanosomatids was observed on soybean reaching a peak of 30% of the sampled N. viridula specimens in January, 2001, and 44% prevalence in February, 2003. The maximum prevalences (16%) in P. guildinii were observed in January and February, 2003 and on July 27, 2003 with 20% of the specimens infected. Flagellates in the hemolymph of E. heros were less frequent (maximum prevalence of 8.7%), suggesting that this species is less susceptible than N. viridula and P. guildinii. Trypanosomatid prevalence was higher than that observed for entomopathogenic fungi, however they seem to be inefficient control agents in short term condition.

Introduction: Systemic sicknesses can originate and proliferate alterations in the periodontium. The presence of Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) in patients suffering destructive periodontal disease and systemic illness has been widely proven. Objective: To determine the existent relation between gingivitis and ANCA in children and adolescents suffering from leukemia. These patients were examined at the Autonomous Services of the University Hospital in Maracaibo, Venezuela, and at the Hospital of Pediatrics Foundation in Zulia State, Venezuela. Materials and Methods: 40 patients ranging from 6 to 16 years of age were included in a controlled study. 20 patients suffering from acute leukemia constituted an experimental group, and 20 more patients without apparent systemic sickness who formed a control group. All 40 patients underwent clinical evaluation, and periodontal tissue radiographic evaluation and assessment of ANCA through an enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assay (ELISA); this was done using an IMMCO Diagnostic" commercial kit. Results: No Significant differences in the gingivitis average index, plaque and bone loss between the experimental and the control group were evidenced. A significant correlation between gingivitis and ANCA was not evidenced either. Nevertheless, 7 out of 20 patients of the experimental group turned out to be ANCA positive. In contrast, no positive cases were reported in the control group. (p<0.05 Fisher Test). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the presence of ANCA is probably related to on going immune alterations in patients suffering from leukemia but not related to gingivitis.

Introducción: Las enfermedades sistémicas pueden originar y exacerbar alteraciones en el periodonto. Se ha demostrado la presencia de Anticuerpos Anticitoplasmáticos de neutrófilos (ANCA) en pacientes con enfermedad periodontal destructiva y con enfermedades sistémicas. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre gingivitis y los ANCA en niños y adolescentes con leucemia que asistieron al Servicio Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo y a la Fundación del Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas Zulia - Venezuela. Material y Método: En un estudio controlado fueron incluidos un total de 40 sujetos entre 6 y 16 años de edad. Un grupo experimental de 20 pacientes con leucemia aguda y un grupo control de 20 sujetos sin enfermedad sistémica aparente, a los cuales se les realizó una evaluación clínica y radiográfica de los tejidos periodontales y la determinación de ANCA a través del ensayo inmunoenzimatico indirecto (ELISA); utilizando kit comercial IMMCO Diagnostic® . Resultados: No se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en el índice promedio de gingivitis, placa y pérdida ósea entre el grupo experimental y control. No se observó correlación significativa entre gingivitis y ANCA. Sin embargo, en el grupo experimental 7 de 20 pacientes resultaron ANCA positivo. En contraste, el grupo control no reportó casos positivos (p<0.05 Test de Fisher). Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la presencia de ANCA probablemente está relacionada con alteraciones inmunes presentes en pacientes con Leucemia y no con la gingivitis.