ABSTRACT Soil sampling is a fundamental stage for recommending agricultural correctives and fertilizers, estimating the nutritional demands of plants, and consequently maximizing productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the performance of three soil samplers in different management systems in terms of sample quality and operational efficiency. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a factorial scheme. Three samplers and two sampling depths (3 × 2) were used with four replicates. At each sampling location, eight single samples were taken at a varying sampling depth of 0.0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m, and the collection time was recorded. Samples were analyzed for chemical attributes and granulometry. Statistically significant differences were observed for specific attributes (organic matter, K, Ca, CEC, pH, and S). In terms of operational efficiency, the hydraulic sampler was more efficient than the other samplers, being three times faster than the combustion drill and six times faster than the manual probe. Thus, it is suitable and reliable for soil sampling purposes.

RESUMO A amostragem de solo é uma etapa fundamental para a recomendação de corretivos e fertilizantes agrícolas, estimar demanda nutricional de plantas e consequentemente maximizar a produtividade. Por conseguinte, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de três amostradores de solo em áreas de diferentes sistemas de manejo no contexto de qualidade da amostra e eficiência operacional. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 (três amostradores e duas profundidades de amostragem), com quatro repetições. Em cada ponto amostral, foram retiradas oito amostras simples em profundidade variável de coleta de 0,0-0,2 e 0,2-0,4 m, cronometrando-se o tempo de coleta. Foram avaliados atributos químicos e granulometria dos solos. Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para atributos específicos (matéria orgânica, K, Ca, CEC, pH e S). Em termos de eficiência operacional, o amostrador hidráulico superou os demais amostradores, sendo três vezes mais rápido em comparação com o sistema a combustão e seis vezes em comparação com a sonda manual; sendo assim apto e recomendável para as operações de coleta de solo.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar propriedades físicas de grãos de genótipos de feijão-caupi. O estudo foi conduzido no Laboratório de Armazenamento e Beneficiamento de Grãos e Sementes no Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, em Januária, MG. Os tratamentos utilizados foram 17 linhagens-elite e 11 cultivares de grãos de feijão-caupi. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As características avaliadas foram a densidade aparente, ângulo de repouso, massa de 1.000 grãos, forma (esfericidade e circularidade), tamanho (área projetada) dos grãos, teor de água e porosidade da massa de grãos. Os genótipos conferem diferentes tamanhos aos grãos de feijão-caupi, o que influencia na variação da densidade aparente, ângulo de repouso e massa de mil grãos. Não houve diferença estatística entre as médias para as variáveis teor de água e porosidade da massa, entre os genótipos avaliados.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the physical properties of cowpea genotypes grains. The study was conducted at the Laboratory for Storage and Processing of Grains and Seeds at the North Federal Institute of Minas Gerais (IFNMG) in Januária, MG, Brazil. The treatments were composed of 17 elite lines and 11 cultivars of cowpea. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replicates. The properties evaluated were bulk density, angle of repose, 1000-grain weight, shape (sphericity and circularity), size (projected area) of the grains, water content, and porosity of the grain mass. The genotypes give different sizes to cowpea beans, which influences the variation of bulk density, angle of repose, and 1000-grain weight. There was no statistical difference among the cowpea genotypes evaluated for water content and mass porosity.

Phosphorus is a non-renewable element essential for the existence of life and also for food security. This resource has the property of limiting plant growth, becoming a fundamental part of agricultural production. On the other hand, when this element is present in high concentrations in aquatic environments, it can start a phenomenon called eutrophication, which causes a series of changes in biological succession processes and strongly negative impacts on species’ biodiversity and wealth. In this context, this work aimed, from an extensive bibliographical review, to gather strategic and essential information related to phosphorus sustainability, provoking a reflection regarding scenarios that involve this indispensable nutrient, focusing on the current situation of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, an important case study, both for the Brazilian and international scenario, by a gathering of data on the current situation of two of the main watersheds in the corresponding region. Relevant technologies used for phosphorus removal in eutrophicated environments are also addressed. Finally, the possibility of reusing the nutrients present in eutrophicated water bodies as an alternative source of phosphate fertilizer for agriculture is demonstrated. nonrenewable non renewable security growth production hand eutrophication species wealth context aimed review sustainability nutrient Paulo Brazil study scenario region addressed Finally demonstrated

Abstract The ground beetle, Neoaulacoryssus speciosus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is of high relevance to field because it has been recorded as a pest of seeds and young plants of vegetables and other crops and a predator in agricultural crops, forest and weeds in Brazil. However, natural habitat changes are increasing agriculture and forest insect outbreaks in urban areas. A N. speciosus population outbreak occurred in October and November 2018 simultaneously in 12 neighboring municipalities at the beginning of the rainy season in the northern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objectives of this study were to report a sudden and simultaneous population outbreak of N. speciosus and to describe the factors of habitat change that could have contributed to this invasion in 12 municipalities in the northern region of Minas Gerais State in the Caatinga biome of Brazil. In addition, female and male genitals were described and illustrated, the scientific classification revised and common names of N. speciosus listed. Thousands of males and females of N. speciosus agglomerated in shady, humid places during the day and night for about 15 days. Neoaulacoryssus speciosus has been identified and illustrated, its scientific classification revised and four common names listed for this species.

Abstract Background There are limited real-world data on the clinical course of untreated coronary lesions according to their functional severity. Objective To evaluate the 5-year clinical outcomes of patients with revascularized lesions with fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≤ 0.8 and patients with non-revascularized lesions with FFR > 0.8. Methods The FFR assessment was performed in 218 patients followed for up to 5 years. Participants were classified based on FFR into ischemia group (≤ 0.8, intervention group, n = 55), low-normal FFR group (> 0.8-0.9, n = 91), and high-normal FFR group (> 0.9, n = 72). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and need for repeat revascularization. The significance level was set at 0.05; therefore, results with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Most patients were male (62.8%) with a mean age of 64.1 years. Diabetes was present in 27%. On coronary angiography, the severity of stenosis was 62% in the ischemia group, 56.4% in the low-normal FFR group, and 54.3% in the high-normal FFR group (p<0.05). Mean follow-up was 3.5 years. The incidence of MACEs was 25.5%, 13.2%, and 11.1%, respectively (p=0.037). MACE incidence did not differ significantly between the low-normal and high-normal FFR groups. Conclusion Patients with FFR indicative of ischemia had poorer outcomes than those in non-ischemia groups. There was no difference in the incidence of events between the low-normal and high-normal FFR groups. Long-term studies with a large sample size are needed to better assess cardiovascular outcomes in patients with moderate coronary stenosis with FFR values between 0.8 and 1.0.

Resumo Fundamento Existem dados limitados sobre a evolução clínica de lesões coronarianas não tratadas de acordo com sua gravidade funcional no mundo real. Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os resultados clínicos de até 5 anos em pacientes com lesões revascularizadas com reserva de fluxo fracionada (FFR) ≤ 0,8 e em pacientes com lesões não revascularizadas com FFR > 0,8. Métodos A avaliação pelo FFR foi realizada em 218 pacientes seguidos por até 5 anos. Os participantes foram classificados com base na FFR no grupo isquêmico (≤ 0,8, grupo intervenção, n = 55), no grupo FFR normal-baixa (> 0,8-0,9, n = 91) e no grupo FFR normal-alta (> 0,9, n = 72). O desfecho primário foram eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAMs), um composto de morte, infarto do miocárdio e necessidade de nova revascularização. O nível de significância adotado neste estudo foi alfa = 0,05; deste modo, resultados com valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino (62,8%) com média de idade de 64,1 anos. Diabetes estava presente em 27%. À angiografia coronariana, a gravidade da estenose avaliada foi de 62%, 56,4% e 54,3% nos grupos isquêmico, FFR normal-baixa e FFR normal-alta, respectivamente (p < 0,05). O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 3,5 anos. A incidência ECAM foi de 25,5%, 13,2% e 11,1%, respectivamente (p = 0,037). Não houve diferença na incidência de ECAM entre os grupos FFR normal-baixa e FFR normal-alta (p = NS). Conclusão Pacientes com FFR indicativa de isquemia apresentaram piores desfechos quando comparados aos dos grupos não isquêmicos. Entre os grupos que apresentaram valores de FFR considerados normal-baixo e normal-alto, não houve diferença na incidência de eventos. Há necessidade de estudos de longo prazo e com grande número de pacientes para melhor avaliar os desfechos cardiovasculares em pacientes portadores de estenose coronariana moderada com valores de FFR entre 0,8 e 1,0.

Abstract This work is a floristic study of Selaginella in Maranhão. The species survey is based on collections from fieldwork conducted between April 2006 and February 2023 and specimens from Maranhão deposited at the CCAA, HBRA, MG, and SLUI herbaria. Ten species were identified: Selaginella conduplicata, S. convoluta, S. erythropus, S. flagellata, S. gynostachya S. marginata, S. minima, S. radiata, S. simplex, and S. sulcata. We report the first record of S. gynostachya for Maranhão and the Cerrado domain in Brazil. Until now, this species was only known from areas of Amazonia. We provide a map with records, an identification key, and comments about the identification and geographic distribution of Selaginella species in Maranhão state. For the new record, we also provide photos.

Resumo O presente trabalho trata do estudo florístico de Selaginella no Maranhão. O levantamento de espécies foi realizado com base em coletas de campo realizadas entre abril de 2006 e fevereiro de 2023 e em análise de espécimes coletados no Maranhão e depositadas nos herbários CCAA, HBRA, MG e SLUI. Foram identificadas 10 espécies: Selaginella conduplicata, S. convoluta, S. erythropus, S. flagellata, S. gynostachya S. marginata, S. minima, S. radiata, S. simplex e S. sulcata. Relatamos a primeira ocorrência de S. gynostachya para o Maranhão e também para o domínio do Cerrado Brasileiro. Até então essa espécie era registrada somente em áreas amazônicas. Neste artigo apresentamos um mapa com pontos de coleta, uma chave de identificação e comentários sobre a identificação, ecologia e distribuição geográfica para as espécies de Selaginella do Maranhão. Para o novo registro apresentamos também fotos.

ABSTRACT Phenology is defined as the study of the timing of biological events and the biotic and abiotic factors that trigger them. This study reports a description of the phenology of Byrsonima pachyphylla and B. verbascifolia in an ecotonal area between the Cerrado and Amazonia biomes in the Brazilian state of Tocantins, to contribute to a better understanding of their autoecology in this region. Two populations of 15 adult individuals of each species, randomly selected in a Cerrado area in Porto Nacional, Tocantins, were surveyed for 12 months. Percentages were estimated of leaf flush, young, mature, and senescent leaves (vegetative phenology), flower buds, open flowers, green and ripe fruits (reproductive phenology) present in the canopy, as well as the synchrony of the reproductive phenophases. The vegetative and reproductive phenological events were seasonal and occurred mainly at the end of the dry season and during the transition from the dry to the rainy season. Considering the vegetative and reproductive phenology, B. pachyphylla was classified as “evergreen with continuous growth” and as a late-flowering species, whereas B. verbascifolia was classified as “evergreen with seasonal growth” and as an early-flowering species. The reproductive phenological activity of the species exhibited high synchrony. The results suggest that the vegetative and reproductive events are peculiar to each species and represent effective strategies for their survival in the Cerrado, which is markedly seasonal.

RESUMO A fenologia estuda o período de ocorrência de eventos biológicos e o que os estimulam, em relação a fatores bióticos e abióticos. A presente investigação teve como objetivo descrever a fenologia de Byrsonima pachyphylla e de B. verbascifolia em uma área ecotonal entre os Biomas Cerrado e Amazônia no estado do Tocantins com a finalidade contribuir para o melhor entendimento de sua autoecologia nessa região pouco estudada. Trinta indivíduos adultos de cada espécie, escolhidos aleatoriamente em área de Cerrado stricto sensu em Porto Nacional, Tocantins, foram acompanhados quinzenalmente durante doze meses. Foram estimadas as porcentagens de brotações e folhas em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento (fenologia vegetativa), de botões florais, flores abertas, frutos verdes e maduros (fenologia reprodutiva), bem como a sincronia das fenofases reprodutivas. Os eventos fenológicos vegetativos e reprodutivos foram sazonais e ocorreram principalmente no final do período seco e início do chuvoso. A fenologia vegetativa de B. pachyphylla foi classificada como sempre verde com crescimento contínuo e sua floração como tardia, apresentando este evento principalmente no período seco. B. verbascifolia foi classificada como sempre verde com crescimento sazonal e apresentou produção de flores na transição entre o período seco e o chuvoso sendo considerada uma espécie de floração precoce. A atividade fenológica reprodutiva das espécies apresentou alta sincronia. Os resultados sugerem que os eventos vegetativos e reprodutivos são peculiares a cada espécie e estrategicamente eficientes para sua sobrevivência no Cerrado marcadamente sazonal.

Crotalaria ochroleuca (Fabaceae) is rich in bioactive compounds used for nematode control. Transformed root culture allows the production of a large amount of hairy root biomass, conditioned by auxin biosynthesis-related genes integrated via the process of Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection, which is known to cause a hairy root phenotype. We transformed A. rhizogenes to increase the biomass of hairy roots and optimized the process of production of bioactive compounds. The transformed nature of hairy roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, which confers kanamycin resistance. The transformed roots were cultured in full-strength in liquid media to realize the growth of hairy roots and the production of bioactive compounds. The transformed roots were grown in a culture medium supplemented with elicitors to produce total phenols, and flavonoids. Chromatographic analysis of transformed roots revealed the presence of flavonoids apigenin-6,8-C-diglucoside and luteolin-6-C-glucoside. The results were obtained by conducting physiological and biochemical studies with the Flavonoids and studying the pathways that led to the production of large amounts of bioactive compounds from the hairy roots of C. ochroleuca. It was observed that the extraction of the compounds significantly affected nematodes and insect larvae, resulting in significantly high levels of economic damage to crops.

Resumen La documentación de diversos tipos de pipas chaqueñas se ha abordado en distintas fuentes históricas, etnográficas, antropológicas y etnobotánicas entre otras. Sin embargo, es escasa la bibliografía que menciona pipas de conformación doble como la que se aborda en este trabajo. Los objetivos propuestos en esta contribución son de carácter múltiple e implican el estudio de una pipa de conformación doble presuntamente moqoit (mocoví), y el análisis de los microrestos de su contenido residual, la comparación de esta pipa con otra de similares características de origen qom, sus posibles utilidades y la discusión de las presuntas implicancias etnobotánicas de las especies inferidas a partir de un análisis microscópico. Esta presunta pipa moqoit se halla depositada en el Museo de Farmacobotánica “Juan A. Domínguez” de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (Universidad de Buenos Aires). Se procedió a la toma de muestra de los microrestos mediante el raspado directo en seco de la superficie interna de ambas bocas y tubos de la pipa y del hornillo central. El material resultante se montó entre portaobjetos y cubreobjetos y se observó con el microscopio óptico. Se trata de una pipa tubular doble con boquillas situadas en los extremos distales. Ambos brazos convergen en un hornillo de disposición central de base rectangular sobre elevado en ángulo recto respecto a ellos. Está confeccionada de una sola pieza, en madera dura, de aspecto liso, trabajada a mano aparentemente pulida. Respecto al análisis de los microrestos, se observó la presencia de distintos tipos de granos de almidón y de modificaciones epidérmicas como tricomas y estomas, entre otras. A partir de esta información se han logrado identificar especies botánicas como Nicotiana tabacum y Nicotiana paa, ente otras. Esto permite a su vez sustentar el presunto origen moqoit de la pipa. Por último, a juzgar por los datos bibliográficos existentes y los resultados obtenidos se hipotetiza sobre su posible empleo con fines chamánicos y políticos.

Abstract The documentation of various types of Chaco’s pipes has been treated in different historical, ethnographic, anthropological and ethnobotanical sources, among others. However, the bibliography that mentions double conformation pipes such as the one discussed in this work is scarce. The objectives proposed in this contribution are multiple and involve the study of a double allegedly moqoit pipe and the analysis of the micro-remains of its residual content, the comparison of this pipe with another with similar characteristics of qom origin, its possible utilities and the discussion of the presumed ethnobotanical implications of the species inferred from a microscopic analysis. This alleged moqoit pipe is deposited in the Museo de Farmacobotánica “Juan A. Domínguez” of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry (University of Buenos Aires). The micro-remains were sampled by direct dry scraping of the internal surface of both mouthpieces and tubes of the pipe and the central burner. The resulting material was mounted between slides and coverslips and observed under a light microscope. It is a double tubular pipe with nozzles located at the distal ends. Both arms converge in a centrally arranged burner with a rectangular base raised at right angles to them. It is made of a single piece, with a rustic appearance, and polished. Regarding to the analysis of the micro-remains, the presence of different types of starch grains, and epidermal modifications such as trichomes and stomata, among others, were observed. From this information it has been possible to identify the presence of different botanical species, including Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana paa, among others. This in turn allows supporting the alleged moqoit origin of the pipe. According to the existing bibliographic data and the results obtained, its possible use for shamanic and political purposes is hypothesized.

Resumen Durante el gobierno del Frente Democrático Nacional, el sector vinculado al mercado exterior, busca la posibilidad de salvaguardar sus intereses de grupo, mediante un renovado posicionamiento político, a raíz del surgimiento y relativo poder político aprista discordante a sus intereses económicos. Ello conllevó a que, representantes de la oligarquía ejecutaran mecanismos de persuasión y deslegitimación de sus opositores políticos mediante el diario La Prensa. Aquel periódico se propuso construir representaciones sociales sobre el desenvolvimiento y la idiosincrasia del APRA en relación con la ingobernabilidad del Perú. Para ello, el diario tomó como un acontecimiento periodístico la sublevación aprista desatada el 3 de octubre de 1948, con la finalidad de descalificar el accionar aprista y enaltecer la labor castrense que, posteriormente derrocaría al presidente Bustamante y Rivero. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar apoyado de un enfoque socio-semiótico, la relación y utilización de un medio periodístico en un acontecimiento histórico relevante, que aceleró el término del mandato de Bustamante y Rivero y la formación de una Junta Militar de Gobierno, paso previo al gobierno del general Manuel A. Odría.

During the government of the National Democratic Front, the sector linked to the foreign market sought the possibility of safeguard ing its group interests, through a renewed political positioning, due to the emergence and relative APRA political power that was discordant to its economic interests. As a result, representatives of the oligarchy implemented mechanisms of persuasion and dele-gitimization of their political opponents through the newspaper "La Prensa." That newspaper set out to build social representations about the development and idiosyncrasy of APRA regarding the ungovernability of Peru. The newspaper took as a journalistic event the aprista uprising unleashed on October 3rd, 1948, to disqualify the aprista actions and glorify the military work that would later overthrow President Bustamante y Rivero. This paper aims to analyze, following a socio-semiotic approach, the relationship and use of a journalistic medium in a relevant histor ical event, which accelerated the end of the mandate of Bustamante y Rivero and the formation of a Military Government Committee, a prelude to the government of General Manuel A. Odría.

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 has a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis. Leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia are associated with increased severity and even death in COVID-19 cases. Objective: The aim is to examine the laboratory results of COVID-19 patients from a hospital in the Peruvian Amazon and their clinical prognosis. Material and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out whose purpose was to identify the laboratory tests of patients with COVID-19 and mortality in a hospital in Ucayali, Peru during the period from March 13 to May 9, 2020, selecting a total of 127 with Covid-19. Mean and the standard deviation was described for age, leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets, RDW-SD; median and interquartile range for the variables lymphocyte, RN / L, fibrinogen, CRP, D-dimer, DHL, hematocrit, monocytes, eosinophils. Results: No differences were observed in this population regarding death and sex (OR: 1.31; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.87), however, it was observed that, for each one-year increase, the probability of death increased by 4% (PR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05). The IRR (Incidence Risk Ratio) analysis for the numerical variables showed results strongly associated with hematological values such as Leukocytes (scaled by 2500 units) (IRR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13), neutrophils (scaled by 2500 units) (IRR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13), on the contrary, it is observed that the increase of 1000 units in lymphocytes, the probability of dying decreased by 48% (IRR: 0.52; 95% CI 0.38 to 071). Conclusions: Parameters such as leukocytes,neutrophils and D-dimer were statistically much higher in patients who died.

RESUMEN Introducción: COVID-19 tiene un impacto significativo en el sistema hematopoyético y la hemostasia. La leucocitosis, la linfopenia y la trombocitopenia se asocian con una mayor gravedad e incluso la muerte en los casos de COVID-19. Objetivo: examinar los resultados de laboratorio de pacientes con COVID-19 de un hospital de la Amazonía peruana y su pronóstico clínico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico cuyo propósito fue identificar las pruebas de laboratorio de pacientes con COVID-19 y mortalidad en un hospital de Ucayali, Perú durante el periodo del 13 de marzo al 9 de mayo del 2020, seleccionando un total de 127 con COVID-19. Se describió la media y la desviación estándar para edad, leucocitos, neutrófilos, plaquetas, RDW-SD; mediana y rango intercuartílico para las variables linfocito, RN/L, fibrinógeno, PCR, dímero D, DHL, hematocrito, monocitos, eosinófilos. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en esta población en cuanto a muerte y sexo (OR: 1,31; IC 95% 0,92 a 1,87), sin embargo, se observó que, por cada aumento de un año, la probabilidad de muerte aumentaba un 4% (RP: 1,04). , IC del 95%: 1,03 a 1,05). El análisis de RIR (Razón de incidencia de riesgos) para las variables numéricas mostró resultados fuertemente asociados con valores hematológicos como Leucocitos (escala de 2500 unidades) (RRI: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 a 1.13), neutrófilos (escala de 2500 unidades) (RRI: 1.08; IC 95% 1.03 a 1.13), por el contrario, se observa que al aumento de 1000 unidades en linfocitos, la probabilidad de morir disminuyó en un 48% (TIR: 0.52; IC 95% 0.38 a 071). Conclusiones: Parámetros tales como los leucocitos, los neutrófilos y el dímero D fueron estadísticamente mucho más altos en los pacientes que fallecieron.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) for the treatment of adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: This review was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42020158475. Five databases (PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO) were searched. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 studies were analyzed in the qualitative synthesis (i.e., systematic review) and eight in the quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis). For the latter, fixed-effect modeling was used to assess the primary outcome (i.e., OCD symptoms). Results: The main findings suggest that GCBT is effective in reducing the symptoms of OCD in adolescents (d = -1.32). However, these results must be interpreted with caution, since all of the included studies showed some bias in their design. Conclusions: GCBT is effective in reducing OCD symptoms in adolescents.

RESUMO O jambu é uma erva condimentar usada no preparo de pratos típicos e fitoterápicos na região Amazônica. São utilizados as inflorescências, as folhas e os caules da planta. Além disso, o jambu possui inúmeras aplicações nas indústrias de cosméticos e alimentícia devido à presença do composto bioativo espilantol. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o desempenho produtivo e fisiológico de genótipos de jambu, das espécies Acmella oleracea e Acmella ciliata, cultivados em hidroponia. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por genótipos de jambu (UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4, UFR-5, UFR-6, UFR-7 e UFR-8) coletados em diferentes localidades do estado do Pará. Foram avaliados o início do pendoamento, comprimento da rama principal, diâmetro da rama principal, área foliar, massa fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca das inflorescências, massa fresca das raízes, massa fresca total, taxa de fotossíntese líquida, condutância estomática, concentração interna de CO2 e eficiência instantânea de carboxilação. Os genótipos apresentaram comportamentos distintos em relação às características de crescimento, produtivas e fisiológicas. Os genótipos UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4 e UFR-7 exibiram maior precocidade de floração. Em geral, genótipos da espécie A. oleracea apresentaram menor taxa de fotossíntese líquida se comparados aos da espécie A. ciliata. Os genótipos da A. oleracea apresentaram capacidade de acúmulo de massa fresca total, além de elevado potencial para produção de inflorescências. Destacaram-se os genótipos UFR-2 e UFR-4, pois apresentaram maiores produções de massa fresca da parte aérea e inflorescências, respectivamente. Portanto devem ser considerados em programas de melhoramento da cultura.

ABSTRACT Jambu is a condiment herb used in the preparation of typical and herbal dishes in the Amazon Region. The inflorescences, leaves, and stems of the plant are used. In addition, jambu has numerous applications in the cosmetics and food industries due to the presence of the bioactive compound spilanthol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and physiological performance of jambu genotypes of Acmella oleracea, and Acmella ciliata species grown in hydroponics. The experiment used was a completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of jambu genotypes (UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4, UFR-5, UFR-6, UFR-7 and UFR-8) collected in different locations in the state of Pará. We evaluated the beginning of flowering, length of the main branch, diameter of the main branch, leaf area, shoot fresh mass, inflorescence fresh mass, root fresh mass, total fresh mass, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and instant carboxylation efficiency. The genotypes presented different behaviors about the productive and physiological growth characteristics. The genotypes UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4 and UFR-7 exhibited greater precocity of flowering. In general, genotypes of the species A. oleracea presented lower rate of net photosynthesis when compared to those of the species A. ciliata. The genotypes of A. oleracea showed total fresh mass accumulation capacity, in addition to a high potential for inflorescence production. The genotypes UFR-2 and UFR-4 stood out because they presented higher yields of shoots fresh mass and inflorescences, respectively. Therefore, these genotypes should be considered in crop improvement programs.

The study of the spectrum of light has increased its range of action in the field of chemistry, with the help of several advanced equipment and innovative techniques that have become a strong ally of analytical chemistry. However, the simplicity of obtaining results integrated with mobile devices appears as an interesting path to be taken in the field of chemical analysis. This work addresses the dissemination of an application called REDGIM for smartphones on the Android platform capable of working with multivariate image analysis using chemometric methods through the luminous intensities of photos and R (red), G (green) and B (blue) channels. In order to show the potential of REDGIM, we propose two applications using the partial least squares (PLS) regression method: 1) quantification of free chlorine in tap water; and 2) quantification of cannabinol, (CBN, a type of cannabinoid) in marijuana and hashish samples. The free chlorine concentration obtained for two investigated samples was 0.73 and 0.74 mg L-1 and 0.74 and 0.76 mg L-1 by the spectrophotometer and by the application (container: cuvette), respectively. For the quantification of CBN in marijuana and hashish samples, the mean concentration ranged from 6.137 to 8.823 mg mL-1. The results obtained by the application are compatible with results from traditional techniques, such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry, for example. Therefore, REDGIM was proved to be a simple and accessible technological tool for the scientific community, being viable for chemical tests of a multivariate nature.

RESUMO O aumento da eficiência de secadores solares com garantia de que o sistema permaneça acessível a todos os usuários pode ser alcançado com sua automação por meio de sensores de baixo custo e fácil utilização. Objetivou-se desenvolver, implantar e avaliar um sistema automático de monitoramento dos parâmetros de secagem em secador híbrido solar-elétrico (SHSE). Inicialmente, foi desenvolvido e instalado o sistema automático de aquisição de dados para a coleta dos parâmetros de massa da amostra e temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar de secagem. O sistema automatizado foi validado comparando-o com aparelhos convencionais de medição dos parâmetros em estudo. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de Tukey e regressão linear a p ≤ 0,05. O sistema ligar/desligar do exaustor funcionou de forma eficiente, reduzindo os erros relacionados à medição da massa. O GERAR Mobile App mostrou-se fácil de ser usado por possuir ícones intuitivos e compatibilidade com os sistemas operacionais mais utilizados para dispositivos móveis. As respostas na comunicação via Bluetooth foram rápidas. A utilização do Arduino, um microcontrolador de baixo custo, para automatizar a atividade de monitoramento permitiu estimar a massa do produto e coletar os dados de temperatura do ar de secagem e umidade relativa do ar por meio do DHT22. Este sensor mostrou boa correlação de leituras de massa e temperatura do ar entre o sistema automático e convencional, mas baixa correlação para umidade relativa do ar. Em geral, o sistema de aquisição de dados monitorou em tempo real os parâmetros para secagem de produtos agrícolas no SHSE.

ABSTRACT Increasing the efficiency of solar dryers with ensuring that the system remains accessible to all users can be achieved with their automation through low-cost and easy-to-use technique sensors. The objective was to develop, implement and evaluate an automatic system for monitoring drying parameters in a hybrid solar-electric dryer (HSED). Initially, an automated data acquisition system for collecting the parameters of sample mass, air temperature, and relative air humidity was developed and installed. The automatic mass data acquisition system was calibrated in the hybrid solar-electric dryer. The automated system was validated by comparing it with conventional devices for measuring the parameters under study. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, Tukey test and linear regression at p ≤ 0.05. The system to turn on/off the exhaust worked efficiently, helping to reduce the errors related to the mass measurement. The GERAR Mobile App showed easy to be used since it has intuitive icons and compatibility with the most used operating systems for mobile devices. The responses in communication via Bluetooth were fast. The use of Arduino, a low-cost microcontroller, to automate the monitoring activity allowed estimating the mass of the product and collecting the drying air temperature and relative air humidity data through the DHT22. This sensor showed a good correlation of mass and air temperature readings between the automatic and conventional system, but low correlation for relative air humidity. In general, the automatic data acquisition system monitored in real time the parameters for drying agricultural products in the HSED.