ABSTRACT Finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Hoola van Nooten) Swingle; Rutaceae: Citrus) is an important plant for both medicine and food. Due to the lack of suitability analysis, many problems have arisen in its planting. According to the daily observation data, Kriging interpolation was selected to spatialize precipitation and temperature data. MaxEnt and ArcGIS were applied to simulate the suitable areas of finger citron in China from the perspectives of bioclimate, soil, topographic factors and human activities in 2050s and 2090s. Results showed that temperature annual range (Bio7), annual precipitation (Bio12), human footprint (Hf), elevation (El) and precipitation seasonality (Bio15) were identified as the dominant environmental variables related to the distribution of finger citron. Spatiotemporal distribution of annual precipitation (Bio12) showed that in the future, the precipitation in South China tends to decrease first (2050s) and then increase (2090s). The spatio-temporal analysis of temperature annual range (Bio7) showed that the 20-30 ℃ region was relatively stable in the Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Pearl River Basin. Under the future climate change scenarios, the total suitable area showed a significant increase trend in 2090s, and the change of most, moderately and poorly suitable habitats showed no obvious law. Under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the centroid of the most suitable habitat of finger citron would move to the northwest, southeast and southwest respectively. Our results can effectively carry out to promote the recovery of its population.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze data on physical activity and rumination time monitored via collars at the farm coupled with milk yield recorded by the rotary milking system to predict cows based on several disorders using the binary Logistic regression conducted with R software. Data for metritis (n=60), mastitis (n=98), lameness (n=35), and digestive disorders (n=52) were collected from 1,618 healthy cows used to construct the prediction model. To verify the feasibility and adaptability of the proposed method, we analyzed data of cows in the same herd (herd 1) not used to construct the model, and cows in another herd (herd 2) with data recorded by the same type of automated system, and led to detection of 75.0%, 64.2%, 74.2%, and 76.9% animals in herd 1 correctly predicted to suffer from metritis, mastitis, lameness, and digestive disorders, respectively. For cows in herd 2, 66.6%, 58.8%, 80.7%, and 71.4% were correctly predicted for metritis, mastitis, lameness, and digestive disorders, respectively. Compared with traditional clinical diagnoses by farm personnel, the algorithm developed allowed for earlier prediction of cows with a disorder.

RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar dados sobre a atividade física e o tempo de ruminação monitorados através de coleiras na fazenda junto com a produção de leite registrada pelo sistema rotativo de ordenha para prever vacas com base em vários distúrbios utilizando o software de regressão logística binária realizado com o software R. Dados para metrite (n=60), mastite (n=98), manqueira (n=35) e distúrbios digestivos (n=52) foram coletados de 1.618 vacas saudáveis foram usados para construir o modelo de previsão. Para verificar a viabilidade e adaptabilidade do método proposto, analisamos os dados de vacas do mesmo rebanho (rebanho 1) não utilizadas para construir o modelo, e vacas de outro rebanho (rebanho 2) com dados registrados pelo mesmo tipo de sistema automatizado, e levamos à detecção de 75,0%, 64,2%, 74,2%, e 76,9% de animais do rebanho 1 previstos corretamente para sofrer de metrite, mastite, manqueira e distúrbios digestivos, respectivamente. Para as vacas do rebanho 2, 66,6%, 58,8%, 80,7% e 71,4% foram previstos corretamente para metrite, mastite, manqueira e distúrbios digestivos, respectivamente. Em comparação com os diagnósticos clínicos tradicionais feitos pelo pessoal da fazenda, o algoritmo desenvolvido permitiu a previsão antecipada de vacas com um distúrbio.

Abstract Objective To explore whether Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)-Epac1 signaling is activated in 1-Desamino-8-D-arginine-Vasopressin-induced Endolymphatic Hydrops (DDAVP-induced EH) and to provide new insight for further in-depth study of DDAVP-induced EH. Methods Eighteen healthy, red-eyed guinea pigs (36 ears) weighing 200-350 g were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, which received intraperitoneal injection of sterile saline (same volume as that in the other two groups) for 7 consecutive days; the DDAVP-7d group, which received intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/mL/kg DDAVP for 7 consecutive days; and the DDAVP-14d group, which received intraperitoneal injection of 10 μg/mL/kg DDAVP for 14 consecutive days. After successful modeling, all animals were sacrificed, and cochlea tissues were collected to detect the mRNA and protein expression of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-1 and 2 (Epac1, Epac2), and Repressor Activator Protein-1 (Rap1) by Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results Compared to the control group, the relative mRNA expression of Epac1, Epac2, Rap1A, and Rap1B in the cochlea tissue of the DDAVP-7d group was significantly higher (p< 0.05), while no significant difference in Rap1 GTPase activating protein (Rap1gap) mRNA expression was found between the two groups. The relative mRNA expression of Epac1, Rap1A, Rap1B, and Rap1gap in the cochlea tissue of the DDAVP-14d group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p< 0.05), while no significant difference in Epac2 mRNA expression was found between the DDAVP-14d and control groups. Comparison between the DDAVP-14d and DDAVP-7d groups showed that the DDAVP-14d group had significantly lower Epac2 and Rap1A (p< 0.05) and higher Rap1gap (p < 0.05) mRNA expression in the cochlea tissue than that of the DDAVP-7d group, while no significant differences in Epac1 and Rap1B mRNA expression were found between the two groups. Western blotting showed that Epac1 protein expression in the cochlea tissue was the highest in the DDAVP-14d group, followed by that in the DDAVP-7d group, and was the lowest in the control group, showing significant differences between groups (p< 0.05); Rap1 protein expression in the cochlea tissue was the highest in the DDAVP-7d group, followed by the DDAVP-14d group, and was the lowest in the control group, showing significant differences between groups (p< 0.05); no significant differences in Epac2 protein expression in the cochlea tissue were found among the three groups. Conclusion DDAVP upregulated Epac1 protein expression in the guinea pig cochlea, leading to activation of the inner ear cAMP-Epac1 signaling pathway. This may be an important mechanism by which DDAVP regulates endolymphatic metabolism to induce EH and affect inner ear function. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence Level 5.

Resumen Antecedentes: El fotosistema II (PSII) es susceptible al estrés por calor. Las plantas acumulan trehalosa para mejorar la tolerancia al estrés, pero se desconoce el mecanismo por el cual la trehalosa afecta al PSII por calor. Preguntas: ¿Cómo afecta la trehalosa al PSII durante estrés por calor? Especie estudiada: Triticum aestivum L. Lugar y fechas del estudio: Shanghái, China. 2019-2021. Métodos: Las plántulas de trigo pretratadas se sometieron a estres por calor y midieron sus parámetros fotosintéticos. Resultados: El estrés por calor provocó reducción en eficiencia fotoquímica de PSII, tasa de transferencia de electrones (ETR(II)), rendimiento cuántico de disipación de energía regulada Y(NPQ) y coeficiente de enfriamiento fotoquímico (qP), pero aumentó rendimiento cuántico de no- disipación de energía regulada de PSII (Y[NO]). Se alteró la forma de la curva de la cinética de inducción de fluorescencia de clorofila rápida (OJIP) y redujó rendimiento máximo de la fotoquímica primaria de PSII (Fv/Fo) y indicador de rendimiento de PSII PIabs. Disminuyeron: actividad de PSII y cadena de transporte de electrones, cantidad de estructuras de hélice α ordenadas y contenido de proteína D1. En trigo pretratado con trehalosa, la proteína D1 y estructuras secundarias de la proteína del PSII se protegieron; mejoraron el transporte de electrones del PSII y de toda la cadena y mantuvieron mayores valores de los parámetros de fluorescencia. Se obtuvieron menores Y(NO) y OJIP más estables. Conclusiones: Trehalosa exógena desempeñó un papel vital en la protección de la función del PSII, generando mayor capacidad fotosintética bajo estrés por calor.

Abstract Background: Photosystem II (PSII) is susceptible to heat stress. Plants naturally accumulate trehalose to improve stress tolerance. However, the mechanism by which trehalose affects PSII during heat stress is still unknown. Questions: How does trehalose affect PSII during heat stress? Studied species: Triticum aestivum L. Study site and dates: Shanghai, China. 2019-2021. Methods: Trehalose -pretreated wheat seedlings suffered from heat stress and their photosynthetic parameters were measured. Results: Heat stress caused a reduction in the photochemical efficiency of PSII, the electron transfer rate (ETR(II)), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipationY(NPQ) and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), but increased the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII (Y[NO]). The shape of the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (OJIP) curve in the heat-stressed wheat was altered and the primary photochemistry maximum yield of PSII (Fv/Fo) and the PSII performance indicator PIabs were reduced. Accordingly, the activities of PSII and electron transport chain, the amount of ordered α-helix structures and the content of D1 protein also decreased. However, in trehalose-pretreated wheat, D1 protein and protein secondary structures of PSII were both protected, the electron transport activities of PSII and the whole chain were improved and greater fluorescence parameters values were maintained. Lower Y(NO) and more stable OJIP were obtained. Conclusions: Exogenous trehalose acted a vital role in the protection of the function of PSII, resulting in higher photosynthetic capacity under heat stress.

The current study aimed to assess the effects of the addition of dietary fermented feed (FF) on the growth performance, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and number of cecal microorganisms of Sichuan white geese from 1 to 28 d of age. A total of 240, 1-day-old female geese were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates (eight birds per replicate). Geese in the control group were fed the basal diet (0.0% FF) and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% FF, respectively. The 5.0% FF and 7.5% FF groups had greater body weights (BW), average daily feed intakes (ADFI), and average daily gains (ADG) than the control group. The feed/gain ratio (F/G) in the 7.5% FF group was higher than the control group. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IGA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the 5.0% FF group were higher than those in the control group, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the 5.0% FF group was lower. Moreover, the FF did not affect the plasma biochemical indicators, number of cecal microorganisms, and intestinal morphology of geese in the groups. These findings indicate that 5.0% FF may improve the growth performance (BW, ADG, and ADFI), immunological function, and antioxidant capacity of Sichuan white geese from 1 to 28 days of age.

Abstract Ginkgo biloba leaf is a kind of food raw material with high concentration of total flavonoid content (TFC). Since conventional measurements of TFC are time-consuming and destructive, the approach of hyperspectral imaging-based prediction was investigated in this study. Hyperspectral images were collected in visual near-infrared (VIS-NIR) and short-wave near-infrared (SW-NIR). Initial comparative analysis on the full spans of the two wavelengths using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR) showed that the TFC of the leaves could be barely captured only when PLSR working on short-wave infrared, with R p 2 and RMSE p on testing set being respectively 0.5496 and 0.6384 mg/g. To further improve prediction performance meeting industrial requirements, another comparative study on feature selection was conducted to fine-tune the PLSR on SW-NIR using a genetic algorithm (GA) and successive projections algorithm (SPA). Results showed that GA-PLSR with 50 characteristic wavelengths mostly from the ranges of 1100-1200 nm and 1400-1500 nm had a significant improvement in performance, giving 0.8482 and 0.2967 mg/g for R p 2 and RMSE p, respectively. Therefore, an approach, GA-PLSR modeling on SW-NIR hyperspectral images, was established for the ginkgo leaves industry to rapidly and non-invasively predict the leaf concentration from the total flavonoid of ginkgo biloba seedling leaf.

In this work, the effects of electric pulse treatment on the discharge and electrochemical properties of rolled and extruded AZ61 as anode of Mg-air battery were studied. The microstructure, electrochemical behavior and surface morphology after discharge were discussed to relate the discharge performance. The experimental results show that compared with the original magnesium anode (rolled and extruded), the magnesium anode treated by electric pulse has more negative corrosion potential, lower impedance value, higher discharge voltage and better specific energy. This is because electric pulse treatment can cause the coarse second phase in magnesium anode to dissolve and the grains to become more uniform. In particular, in the discharge process, the surface of magnesium anode after electric pulse treatment will form micro cracks, which is beneficial to promote the self-stripping of discharge products. It is worth noting that the effect of electric pulse treatment on rolled anode is better than that of extruded anode. It may be due to the different dislocation density in the two anodes. During the electric pulse treatment, the dislocation density in the alloy is highly correlated with the dissolution rate of β-Mg17Al12, which ultimately affects the volume fraction of the second phase in the alloy.

Abstract Objective To investigate the value of a nomogram based on multiparametric and multiregional MR images to predict Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) gene mutations in glioma. Data and methods The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 110 MR images of surgically confirmed pathological gliomas; 33 patients with IDH1 gene Mutation (IDH1-M) and 77 patients with Wild-type IDH1 (IDH1-W) were divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The clinical features were statistically analyzed using SPSS and R software. Three glioma regions (rCET, rE, rNEC) were outlined using ITK-SNAP software and projected to four conventional sequences (T1, T2, Flair, T1C) for feature extraction using AI-Kit software. The extracted features were screened using R software. A logistic regression model was established, and a nomogram was generated using the selected clinical features. Eight models were developed based on different sequences and ROIs, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy. Decision curve analysis was performed to assess the clinical usefulness. Results Age was selected with Radscore to construct the nomogram. The Model 1 AUC values based on four sequences and three ROIs were the highest in these models, at 0.93 and 0.89, respectively. Decision curve analysis indicated that the net benefit of model 1 was higher than that of the other models for most Pt-values. Conclusion A nomogram based on multiparametric and multiregional MR images can predict the mutation status of the IDH1 gene accurately.

Resumen Objetivo: se utilizaron métodos bioinformáticos y técnicas de acoplamiento molecular para predecir los componentes efectivos, los objetivos y las vías biológicas relacionadas de la cápsula Xiexin en la intervención de la dislipidemia y explorar su mecanismo. Métodos: los componentes activos y los objetivos de la cápsula Xiexin fueron seleccionados por la base de datos TCMSP. Se utilizaron las plataformas Genecards, OMIM, PharmGkb, TTD (Therapeutic Target Database) y Drugbank para buscar las dianas de la enfermedad en la dislipidemia. El diagrama reticular “componente-diana” fue construido por el software Cytoscape 3.7.0, y la interacción proteína-proteína (PPI) fue analizada por la plataforma STRING. Los análisis de enriquecimiento de Gene Ontology (GO) y Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) se realizaron mediante paquetes de datos en lenguaje R para predecir el mecanismo de acción. El software AutoDockVina y PyMol se utilizó para unir los componentes activos clave de la cápsula Xiexin y las proteínas clave de la PPI. Resultados: se seleccionaron 65 componentes activos y 114 dianas. Veintitrés compuestos activos clave fueron seleccionados a partir de la tabla “componentes farmacéuticos-dianas”. Las redes PPI incluyen principalmente proteínas básicas como PTGS2, PTGS1 y HSP90AA1. Los resultados del análisis de enriquecimiento de GO y KEGG en los objetivos comunes se refieren principalmente a la vía de señalización mediada por esteroides, la respuesta hormonal esteroidea, el transporte y metabolismo lipídicos, la regulación del almacenamiento de colesterol, la vía de la ciclooxigenasa y otras vías biológicas, así como la vía de señalización de PPAR, la vía de señalización de IL-17, la vía de señalización de PI3K-Akt, la vía de señalización de FcnnnnnnnnRI y otras vías relacionadas. La prueba de acoplamiento molecular mostró que la quercetina se une mejor a la proteína diana central HSP90AA1, que es la proteína diana con la mejor actividad de unión de los componentes químicos clave de la cápsula Xiexin. Conclusión: los principales componentes químicos de la cápsula Xiexin pueden participar en la regulación de la PPAR y otras vías de señalización mediante la regulación de genes clave como ESR1, MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), HSP90AA1, por lo que pueden desempeñar un papel farmacológico en la intervención de la dislipidemia.

Abstract Objective: bioinformatic methods and molecular docking technology were used to predict the active components, targets, and related biological pathways of the Xiexin capsule in the intervention for dyslipidemia, exploring its mechanism. Methods: the active components and targets of the Xiexin capsule were screened by the TCMSP (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform )database. Genecards (The Human Gene Database), OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man), PharmGkb (Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base database), TTD (Therapeutic Target Database), and Drugbank platforms were used to search the disease targets of dyslipidemia. The Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the 'component-target' network diagram, and the STRING (functional protein association networks) platform was used to analyze protein-protein interaction (PPI). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by R language data packets to predict the mechanism of action. The AutoDockVina and PyMol software were used to dock the key active components in the Xiexin capsule and the core proteins in PPI. Results: a total of 66 effective components were screened, involving 114 targets; 87 key active compounds were screened from the 'drug-component-target' diagram. The PPI network mainly involved core proteins such as PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), PTGS1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1), and HSP90AA1 (heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results of common targets mainly involved hormone-mediated signaling pathway, steroid hormone response, lipid transport and metabolism, regulation of cholesterol storage, cyclooxygenase pathway, and other biological pathways, as well asMM PPAR (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor) signaling pathway, IL-17 (interleukin 17) signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt (protein kinase b) signaling pathway, FcεRI signaling pathway, and other related pathways. Molecular docking verification showed that quercetin had the best binding with the core target protein HSP90AA1, and HSP90AA1 was the target protein with the best binding activity for the key chemical components in Xiexin capsules. Conclusion: the main chemical components in the Xiexin capsules may participate in the regulation of PPAR and other signaling pathways by regulating key genes such as ESR1 (estrogen receptor 1), MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), and HSP90AA1, to exert the pharmacological effect of the intervention on dyslipidemia.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) and Retrolaminar Block (RLB) on intraand postoperative analgesia in patients with Multiple Rib Fractures (MRFs). Methods: A total of 80 MRFs patients were randomly divided into the ESPB (Group E) and RLB (Group R) groups. After general anesthesia, ESPB and RLB were performed under ultrasound guidance, respectively, together with 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine and Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia (PCIA). Results: Thirty-four cases in Group E and 33,cases in Group R showed unclear paravertebral spaces. The intraoperative dosage of remifentanil (mean ± SD) (392.8 ± 118.7 vs. 501.7 ± 190.0 μg) and postoperative morphine PCIA dosage, (7.35 ± 1.55 vs. 14.73 ± 2.18 mg) in Group R were significantly less than those in Group E; the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores in Group R at 2 (2.7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.4 ± 1.4), 4 (2.2 ± 1.1 vs. 2.8 ± 0.9), 12 (2.5 ± 0.9 vs. 3.0 ± 0.8), and 24 hours (2.6 ± 1.0 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9) after surgery were significantly lower than those in Group E. Finally, the normal respiratory diaphragm activity (2.17 ± 0.22 vs. 2.05 ± 0.19), pH (median [IQR] (7.38 [7.31-7.45] vs. 7.36 [7.30-7.42]), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) (44 [35-49] vs. 42.5 [30-46]) after the operation in Group R were significantly better than those in Group E (p < 0.05). Conclusions: RLB was a more effective analgesic method than ESPB in the treatment of MRF.

ABSTRACT The need for clarity regarding the sieving characteristics of the potato-soil mixture, as provided by the swing separating sieve of a potato digger, as well as the derived problems of low potato transportation efficiency, a high potato damage rate and low potato unearthing rate, are the main reasons for this study. Dynamic tracking technology is proposed to collect the motion state of potatoes, during the process of potato and soil separation. Considering the potato conveying speed, potato unearthing rate and potato damage rate as indicators, while the sieving parameters (crank rotational speed, sieve inclination, crank radius and swing direction angle) are the influencing factors, an orthogonal regression test is carried out, where the response surface is used to analyze each factor, its influence on the screening index, and to optimize it accordingly. The test results show that there is a linear relationship between the screening parameters and indexes, with each parameter showing different contribution rates to the screening indexes. The best parameter combination is the crank rotational speed of 190 r /min, sieve inclination of 9.7°, crank radius of 40 mm and swing direction angle of 18.8°. The corresponding potato conveying speed, unearthing rate and damage rate is 0.713 m/s, 98.7% and 3.224%, respectively. After optimization, the potato conveying speed is 1.43 times higher, the unearthing rate is increased by 2.5% and the damage rate is reduced by 60%. The research results can provide theoretical support to the structural design of potato diggers.

Abstract To study the exact effect of purple wheat (PW) on dyslipidaemia in rats so as to lay the foundation of a dietary therapy for hyperlipidaemia. A total of 42 rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group (NC) consisting of 12 rats were fed with standard diet in the whole testing process, the other group rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce dyslipidaemia. The dyslipidaemic rats were averagely divided into three groups: dyslipidaemia control group (DC) with 60% common wheat flour, PW1 group with diet containing 60% purple wheat Jizimai1 flour, PW3 group with 60% purple wheat Jizimai3 flour. Six weeks later, the weight-gain-ratio of the rats in PW1 and PW3 groups were lower as compared to the rats in DC and NC groups. Further, we found that the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein in the PW1 and PW3 groups were significantly reduced to almost that of normal levels. Finally, the results of hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that intaking of Jizimai1 and Jizimai3 could repair hepatocyte steatosis and kidney injury due to dyslipidaemia. Purple wheat diet therapy reduced lipid metabolism disorders and the liver tissue and renal injury in hyperlipidaemic rats.

Abstract To determine the efficacy and safety of Endostar combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of NSCLC, and provide evidence-based reference for clinical drug use. Retrieved from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database, randomized controlled trials (RCT) were collected. Pooled standard mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were analyzed using R software with a random-effects model. Data from a total of 27 RCTs were included, involving 1646 patients were analyzed. Results of meta-analysis showed that response rate and clinical benefit rate of trial group were significantly higher than those of control group. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal reaction between 2 groups. The results showed that Endostar combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin may generally improve therapeutic efficacy of NSCLC patients, without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.

Abstract The Geographical Origin of Chinese medicinal materials plays an important role in guaranteeing the authenticity of Chinese medicinal materials, ensuring the quality and efficacy of Chinese medicinal materials, maintaining the market order, and reducing the risk of medical accidents caused by counterfeit Chinese medicinal materials. In recent years, there have been more and more research papers on tracing Chinese medicinal materials by stable isotope and mineral element analysis combined with chemometrics. Using stable isotope and mineral element analysis to trace traditional Chinese medicinal materials has the advantages of high accuracy and strong reliability. Through chemometrics methods, medicinal materials from different origins can be classified, distinguished, and modeled, and finally the purpose of origin traceability can be achieved. Based on the introduction of the basic principles of stable isotopes and mineral elements, this article systematically analyzes the research and application of relevant stable isotope and mineral element analysis techniques in the origin traceability of Chinese medicinal materials in the past 10 years, and proposes the existing problems in origin traceability of Chinese medicinal materials. This article aims at providing reference for the origin traceability, confirmation and supervision of Chinese herbal medicines, and promoting the establishment and improvement of the traceability technical system of Chinese herbal medicines.

Abstract Several technological applications of Lactococcus lactis are attributed to their high metabolite-secreting abilities. Among these, bacteriocins can be used as food preservatives or additives in cheese manufacture. The objective was to evaluate the technological characteristics and antibacterial activity of 10 Lactococcus lactis isolates from traditional fermented dairy products, including acidifying ability, proteolytic ability, diacetyl production and autolytic activity. L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y14 and Y15 showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher ΔpH than other strains. L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y17 exhibited the highest proteolytic, L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y18 were next in terms of proteolytic activity. All strains possessed the ability of diacetyl production, with the highest production of 10.39 mg/g observed in L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15. L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y14 had the highest (P < 0.05) autolytic ability (8.96%), followed by L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15 (8.05%). L. lactis Y15 exhibited discernible antibacterial activity with the largest zone of inhibition diameters (25.56 mm). Based on the above results, L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15 was selected as the starter to manufacture cheese. There were no significant differences in texture and sensory acceptability of Cheddar cheese manufactured by L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15 with L. lactis subsp. lactis KLDS4.0325 or commercial starter. L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15 can be used as a starter to produce Cheddar cheese.