ABSTRACT Introduction: Volleyball is a high-intensity sport, and sports injuries are not rare. The shoulder joint has the highest incidence of injury among the most injured joints. Objective: Study the shoulder joint injury during volleyball practice and explore the effects of its rehabilitation. Methods: The article used an experimental control with 40 athletes with shoulder joint injuries, randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed comprehensive shoulder joint rehabilitation training lasting 30 minutes daily. The control group performed traditional massages of the same duration and frequency. The experiment lasted 8 weeks, and the data on the shoulder joint injuries and the performance of the volleyball players were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The experimental group's scores stood out compared to the control group regarding flexibility and functional performance. Conclusion: Integral rehabilitation training showed greater efficacy in shoulder joint rehabilitation and may effectively reduce the risk of secondary sports injuries in athletes. Its promotion in the current rehabilitation and sports training scenario is valid and can be promoted. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El voleibol es un deporte de alta intensidad y los accidentes deportivos no son raros, siendo la articulación del hombro la de mayor incidencia entre las articulaciones más lesionadas. Objetivo: Estudiar la lesión de la articulación del hombro durante la práctica del voleibol y explorar los efectos de su rehabilitación. Métodos: El artículo utilizó un control experimental con 40 atletas lesionados en la articulación del hombro, divididos aleatoriamente en grupos experimental y de control. El grupo experimental realizó un entrenamiento integral de rehabilitación de la articulación del hombro de 30 minutos de duración a intervalos diarios. El grupo de control realizó un masaje tradicional con la misma duración y frecuencia. El experimento duró 8 semanas, se registraron y analizaron estadísticamente los datos de las lesiones de la articulación del hombro y el rendimiento de los jugadores de voleibol. Resultados: Las puntuaciones del grupo experimental destacaron frente a las del grupo de control, tanto en términos de flexibilidad como de rendimiento funcional. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de rehabilitación integral demostró una mayor eficacia en la rehabilitación de la articulación del hombro, y puede reducir eficazmente el riesgo de lesiones deportivas secundarias en el atleta. Se concluye que su promoción en el escenario actual de la rehabilitación y el entrenamiento deportivo es válida y puede promoverse. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O voleibol é um esporte de alta intensidade e não são raros os acidentes esportivos, sendo a articulação do ombro a de maior incidência dentre as articulações mais lesionadas. Objetivo: Estudar a lesão da articulação do ombro durante a prática do voleibol e explorar os efeitos da sua reabilitação. Métodos: O artigo utilizou um controle experimental com 40 atletas lesados na articulação do ombro, divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e controle. O grupo experimental realizou um treinamento de reabilitação integral na articulação do ombro com duração de 30 minutos em intervalos diários. O grupo de controle realizou a massagem tradicional, de mesma duração e frequência. O experimento durou 8 semanas, os dados das lesões articulares do ombro e o desempenho dos jogadores de voleibol foram registrados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: A pontuação do grupo experimental destacou-se frente ao grupo de controle, tanto em termos de flexibilidade como no desempenho funcional. Conclusão: O treinamento de reabilitação integral demonstrou maior eficácia na reabilitação articular do ombro, podendo efetivamente reduzir o risco de lesões esportivas secundárias no atleta. Conclui-se que a sua promoção no atual cenário de reabilitação e treinamento esportivo é válida e pode ser promovida. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract To introduce an improved method of de-rotation osteotomy for treating the congenital proximal radioulnar joint fusion: single dual-plane osteotomy combined with multi-sequence cast. Twelve child patients with congenital proximal radioulnar joint fusion (16 limbs) had been treated from 2014 to 2017 with single dual-plane osteotomy combined with multi-sequence cast method. 12 of 16 limbs were corrected in position after one-time cast change, and the remaining 4 limbs of two patients needed to receive cast change for two times before correction. Neither one suffered related nervous and vascular complications, nor one suffered ischemic contracture after all the cases received cast fixation, and it took 8 weeks for their osteotomy parts to reach bony union averagely after operation.The affected limb’s functional evaluation before operation was averagely 5.75 scores (4~8); 12 movements could be completed fully after operation, i.e., functional evaluation reached 12 scores. This surgical operation is easy to operate with good operation result and big range of correction. It can also effectively avoid the occurrence of angioneurotic complications after operation with a high safety. Therefore, it is an ideal alternative method to treat the congenital proximal radioulnar joint fusion in the present stage when joint fusion dissociation operation is not matured.

ABSTRACT To evaluate the efficiency of an energy density of 0.05mj/mm2 of low intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) on erectile dysfunction (ED) patients.A total of 45 ED patients met the inclusion criteria, including 7 PDE5i responders and 38 nonresponders. All the patients have already been delivered 10000 shockwaves of total seven treatment points twice a week for 4 weeks. Simultaneously, questionnaires of International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF), Erectile Hard Score (EHS) and Minimal Clinical Important Differences (MCID) were evaluated for the efficiency and safety at 8th and 16th weeks.The changes in the IIEF-EF score by MCID suggested that Li-ESWT treatment was effective in 22 PDE5i nonresponders patients (58%) at 8th week. Then at 16th week the number of patients who were effectively treated increased to 27 (71%). Among PDE5i responders, 5 patients (71%) were effective base on MCID at 16th week. Among PDE5i nonresponders 22 patients (58%) achieved erection hard enough for vaginal penetration and increased to 27 (71%) patients at 16th week (EHS ≥3). Moreover, even 3 patients achieved EHS 4 in PDE5i nonresponders at 16th week. Among PDE5i responders, 4 of 7 patients reached EHS of 4 from EHS 3 at 16th week. Apart from this, Li-ESWT treatment was also effective in 9 patients (24%) in PDE5i nonresponders without follow-up PDE5i.Energy flux density (EFD) of 0.05 of Li-ESWT could improve the erectile function of ED patients with PDE5i response. In addition, EFD of 0.05 of Li-ESWT treatment could turn PDE5i nonresponders to responders.

Abstract Background: Light exposure is a common stress factor in in vitro manipulation of embryos in the reproductive center. Many studies have shown the deleterious effects of high-intensity light exposure in different animal embryos. However, no transcriptomic studies have explored the light-induced injury and response in preimplantation embryos. Results: Here, we adopt different time-courses and illumination intensities to treat mouse embryos at the 2-cell stage and evaluate their effects on blastulation. Meanwhile, single-cell transcriptomes from the 2-cell to blastocyst stage were analyzed after high-intensity light exposure. These data show that cells at each embryonic stage can be categorized into different light conditions. Further analyses of differentially expressed genes and GO terms revealed the light-induced injury as well as the potential repair response after high-intensity lighting. Maternal-to-zygote transition is also affected by the failure to remove maternal RNAs and deactivate zygotic genome expression. Conclusion: Our work revealed an integrated response to high-intensity lighting, involving morphological changes, long-lasting injury effects, and intracellular damage repair mechanisms.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw augmented with polymethylmethacrylate in osteoporotic spinal surgery. METHODS: This study included 128 patients with osteoporosis (BMD T-score −3.2±1.9; range, −5.4 to -2.5) who underwent spinal decompression and instrumentation with a polymethylmethacrylate-augmented bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw. Postoperative Visual Analogue Scale scores and the Oswestry Disability Index were compared with preoperative values. Postoperative plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans were performed immediately after surgery; at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months; and annually thereafter. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 42.4±13.4 months (range, 23 to 71 months). A total of 418 polymethylmethacrylate-augmented bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws were used. Cement extravasations were detected in 27 bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws (6.46%), mainly in cases of vertebral fracture, without any clinical sequela. The postoperative low back and lower limb Visual Analogue Scale scores were significantly reduced compared with the preoperative scores (<0.01), and similar results were noted for the Oswestry Disability Index score (p<0.01). No significant screw migration was noted at the final follow-up relative to immediately after surgery (p<0.01). All cases achieved successful bone fusion, and no case required revision. No infection or blood clots occurred after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The polymethylmethacrylate-augmented bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw is safe and effective for use in osteoporotic patients who require spinal instrumentation.

Abstract Objective: To assess the relationship between 5α-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) and the risk of male breast cancer (MBC). Material and Methods: We systematically searched Medline via PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library Central Register up to May 2017 to identify published articles related to 5ARIs and the risk of MBC. Results: Summary effect estimates were calculated by a random-effect model, and tests for multivariable-unadjusted pooled risk ratios (RR) and heterogeneity, as well as the sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess publication bias. All four studies were conducted in a quality assessment according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale system. The strength of association between 5ARIs and the prevalence of MBC was evaluated by using summarized unadjusted pooled RR with a 95% confidence interval [CI]. Four studies involving 595.776 participants, mean age range from 60 to 73.2 years old, were included in a meta-analysis, which produced a summary unadjusted RR of the risk of MBC for the treatment of 5ARIs of 1.16 (95% CI 0.85-1.58, P=0.36) and the multivariable-adjusted RR is 1.03, (95% CI 0.75-1.41, p=0.86). There was no heterogeneity among included studies (I2=0%, P=0.49). Estimates of total effects were generally consistent with the sensitivity. Conclusion: We did not observe a positive association between the use of 5ARIs and MBC. The small number of breast cancer cases exposed to 5ARIs and the lack of an association in our study suggest that the development of breast cancer should not influence the prescribing of 5ARIs therapy.

Cobalt blue pigments were prepared by self-propagating combustion followed by sol-gel method using aluminum nitrate and cobalt nitrate as the raw material. X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fiber optic spectrometer and colorimetric analysis were used to investigate the effect of reaction temperature, metal ion concentration and dispersant upon the gel formation. The results show that the formation of gel network could be promoted by increasing the concentration of metal ion (0.01~0.2 mol/L) and sol-gel reaction temperature (80~90°C), and the disper-sibility and stability of the pigment powder could be improved with dispersing agent. The dried gel precursor was calcined at 1250 °C to form 200~500 nm cobalt aluminum with spinel structure with highly negative value of b*.

ABSTRACT Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl., Gentianaceae, a traditional Tibetan medicine, was used for the treatment of liver jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, as well as for headache and chronic pharyngitis. A rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography, photodiode array detector, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was developed for the fast and accurate identification and quantification of the chemical constituents of G. veitchiorum. In fact, eighteen compounds were detected and identified on the basis of their mass spectra, fragment characteristics and comparison with published data. Especially, the MS fragmentation pathways of iridoid glycosides and flavone C-glycosides were illustrated. Five compounds among them were quantified by UHPLC-PDA, including swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside, isoorientin, and isovitexin. The proposed method was then validated based on the analyses of linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The overall recoveries for the five analytes ranged from 96.54% to 100.81%, with RSD from 1.05% to 1.82%. In addition, ten batches of G. veitchiorum from different areas were also analyzed. The developed method was rapid and reliable for both identification and quantification of the chemical constituents of G. veitchiorum, especially for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of iridoid glycosides and flavone C-glycosides.

Abstract Rosa Laevigata Michx., contents of bioactive components contribute to the health beneftis of consuming fresh, snacks and medicine, is widely used as the Chinese medicinal herbs. The effect of fruit ripening on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of Rosa laevigata Michx fruits was investigated. The results showed that, the bioactive compounds, including titratable acidity, reducing sugar, total ascorbic acid, total polyphenol and total flavonoids, significant changes occurred at different ripening stages. The contents of reducing sugar, total polyphenol and total flavonoids were directly proportional to the maturity. However, the content of titration acid and ascorbic acid is inversely proportional to the maturity. Antioxidant capacity and ROS inhibition are proportional to the maturity, and the antioxidant capacity of Rosa laevigata Michx significantly increase during maturity. The Rosa laevigata Michx fruits at fully ripe stage had higher healthcare and medicinal value.

Background Integrated statistical experimental designs were applied to optimize the medium constituents for the production of a dimethyl phthalate (DMP)-degrading strain Bacillus sp. QD14 in shake-flask cultures. A Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was applied to screen for significant factors, followed by the Steepest Ascent Method (SAM) to find the nearest region of maximum response. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was conducted to optimize the final levels of the medium components. Results After the regression equation and response surface contour plots were analyzed, the concentrations of glucose, corn meal and NaCl were found to significantly influence the biomass of DMP-degrading bacteria. A combination of 22.88 g/L of glucose, 11.74 g/L of corn meal, and 10.34 g/L of NaCl was optimum for maximum biomass production of Bacillus sp. QD14. A 57.11% enhancement of the biomass production was gained after optimization in shake-flask cultivation. The biomass production of Bacillus sp. QD14 reached 9.13 ± 0.29 × 10(8) CFU/mL, which was an excellent match for the predicted value, and the mean value of the match degree was as high as 99.30%. Conclusion In this work, the key factors affected by the fermentation of DMP-degrading strain Bacillus sp. QD14 were optimized by PBD, SAM and BBD (RSM); the yield was increased by 57,11% in the conditions in our study. We propose that the conditions optimized in the study can be applied to the fermentation for commercialization production.

OBJECTIVES: Herniated discs and degenerative disc disease are major health problems worldwide. However, their pathogenesis remains obscure. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of these ailments and to identify underlying therapeutic targets. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the GSE23130 microarray datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, differentially co-expressed genes and links were identified using the differentially co-expressed gene and link method with a false discovery rate ,0.25 as a significant threshold. Subsequently, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the differential co-expression of these genes were investigated using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. In addition, the transcriptional regulatory relationship was also investigated. RESULTS: Through the analysis of the gene expression profiles of different specimens from patients with these diseases, 539 differentially co-expressed genes were identified for these ailments. The ten most significant signaling pathways involving the differentially co-expressed genes were identified by enrichment analysis. Among these pathways, apoptosis and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathways have been reported to be related to these diseases. A total of 62 pairs of regulatory relationships between transcription factors and their target genes were identified as critical for the pathogenesis of these diseases. CONCLUSION: The results of our study will help to identify the mechanisms responsible for herniated discs and degenerative disc disease and provides a theoretical basis for further therapeutic study.

A series of three new benzohydrazone compounds, C18H21N3O3 (1), C19H23N3O3 (2), and C18H20ClN3O2 (3), derived from the condensation of 4-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde with 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide, 4-methoxybenzohydrazide, and 4-chlorobenzohydrazide, respectively, in methanol, were prepared. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, ¹H NMR spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1) with unit cell dimensions a = 6.2656(6) Å, b = 21.873(2) Å, c = 6.6362(7) Å, β = 114.025(2)°, V = 830.70(15) ų, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0323 and wR2 = 0.0784. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with unit cell dimensions a = 13.8966(17) Å, b = 13.1402(15) Å, c = 9.8043(12) Å, β = 90.768(2)°, V = 1790.1(4) ų, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0670 and wR2 = 0.1671. Compound 3 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell dimensions a = 9.884(2) Å, b = 11.781(3) Å, c = 15.990(4) Å, α = 95.916(5)°, β = 99.520(5)°, γ = 104.147(4)°,V = 1760.5(7) ų, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0698 and wR2 = 0.1250. Crystal structures of the compounds are stabilized by hydrogen bonds and π · π stacking interactions. The preliminary antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans were assayed.

BACKGROUND: Faith-based organisations have expanded antiretroviral therapy (ART) in community clinics across South Africa. Loss to follow-up (LTFU), however, limits the potential individual and population treatment benefits and optimal care. OBJECTIVE: To identify patient characteristics associated with LTFU 6 months after starting ART in a large community clinic. METHODS: Patients initiating ART between April 2004 and October 2006 in one South African Catholic Bishops' Conference HIV treatment clinic who had at least one follow-up visit were included and routinely monitored every 6 months after ART initiation. Standardised instruments were used to collect data. Rates of LTFU over time were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazard regression examined the impact of age, baseline CD4 count, baseline HIV RNA, gender and pregnancy status on LTFU. RESULTS: Data from 925 patients (age >14 years, median age 36 years, 70% female, of whom 16% were pregnant) were included: 51 (6%) were lost to follow-up 6 months after ART initiation. Younger age (<30 years) (hazard ratio (HR) 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 - 4.38) and pregnancy for women (HR 3.75, 95% CI 1.53 - 9.16) were significantly associated with higher LTFU rates. When stratified by baseline CD4 count, gender and pregnancy status, pregnant women with lower baseline CD4 counts (<200 cells/µl) had 6.06 times the hazard (95% CI 2.20 - 16.71) of LTFU at 6 months compared with men. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected pregnant women initiating ART were significantly more likely to be lost to follow-up in a community clinic in South Africa. Urgent interventions to successfully retain pregnant women in care are needed.

Extracellular Ca2+ influx was blocked by L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine to observe the effects of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid on the constriction of rabbit pulmonary artery rings and on the changes of Ca2+ level in the rabbit pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and further to investigate the mechanism of the calcium mobilization induced by the 15-HETE under hypoxic conditions. The effect of extracellular Ca2+ on tension of the rabbit PA rings was also studied. Nifedipine (10 µ mol/L) had no effect on 1 µ mol/L 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid induced vasoconstriction under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Intracellular Ca2+ increased markedly in the 15-HETE group (cells were exposed to 1 µ mol/L 15-HETE for 8 min during culture) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The study demonstrated that the 15-HETE could induce the elevation of Ca2+ in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and the elevated calcium came from the release of the intracellular calcium.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of a recently developed rapid test - a colloidal dye immunofiltration assay (CDIFA) - used by health workers in field settings to identify villagers infected with Schistosoma japonicum. METHODS: Health workers in the field used CDIFA to test samples from 1553 villagers in two areas of low endemicity and an area where S. japonicum was not endemic in Anhui, China. All the samples were then tested in the laboratory by laboratory staff using a standard parasitological method (Kato-Katz), an indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA), and CDIFA. The results of CDIFA performed by health workers were compared with those obtained by Kato-Katz and IHA. FINDINGS: Concordance between the results of CDIFA performed in field settings and in the laboratory was high (kappa index, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-0.97). When Kato-Katz was used as the reference test, the overall sensitivity and specificity of CDIFA were 98.5% and 83.6%, respectively in the two villages in areas of low endemicity, while the specificity was 99.8% in the non-endemic village. Compared with IHA, the overall specificity and sensitivity of CDIFA were greater than 99% and 96%, respectively. With the combination of Kato-Katz and IHA as the reference standard, CDIFA had a sensitivity of 95.8% and a specificity of 99.5%, and an accuracy of 98.6% in the two areas of low endemicity. CONCLUSION: CDIFA is a specific, sensitive, and reliable test that can be used for rapid screening for schistosomiasis by health workers in field settings.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la validez de una prueba rápida desarrollada recientemente -prueba de inmunofiltración con colorante coloidal (PICC)- y empleada por agentes de salud sobre el terreno para identificar a los lugareños infectados por Schistosoma japonicum. MÉTODOS: Agentes de salud sobre el terreno utilizaron la PICC para analizar muestras de 1553 lugareños en dos zonas de baja endemicidad y una zona sin S. japonicum endémica de Anhui, China. Todas las muestras fueron analizadas en el laboratorio por personal técnico utilizando un método parasitológico estándar (Kato-Katz), una prueba de hemaglutinación indirecta (IHA) y la PICC. Los resultados de la PICC llevada a cabo por los agentes de salud fueron comparados con los obtenidos mediante las técnicas de Kato-Katz e IHA. RESULTADOS: Se observó una elevada concordancia entre los resultados de la PICC aplicada sobre el terreno y la practicada en el laboratorio (índice kappa = 0,95; intervalo de confianza del 95% = 0,93-0,97). Cuando se utilizó el método Kato-Katz como prueba de referencia, la sensibilidad y la especificidad generales de la PICC fueron de un 98,5% y un 83,6%, respectivamente, en las dos aldeas de las zonas de endemicidad baja, mientras que la especificidad fue del 99,8% en la aldea sin endemicidad. En comparación con la IHA, la especificidad y la sensibilidad generales de la PICC superaron el 99% y el 96%, respectivamente. Utilizando la combinación de Kato-Katz e IHA como referencia, la PICC presentó una sensibilidad del 95,8% y una especificidad del 99,5%, con una precisión del 98,6%, en las dos zonas de endemicidad baja. CONCLUSIÓN: La PICC constituye una prueba específica, sensible y fiable, que se presta a ser utilizada por los agentes de salud sobre el terreno para el cribado rápido de la esquistosomiasis.

OBJECTIF: Déterminer la validité d'un test diagnostique rapide (CDIFA) récemment mis au point, faisant appel à un colorant colloïdal et à la technique d'immunofiltration et destiné au dépistage sur le terrain par des agents de santé de Schistosoma japonicum chez les villageois. MÉTHODES: Des agents de santé présents sur le terrain ont appliqué le test CDIFA à des prélèvements effectués sur 1553 villageois provenant de deux zones de faible endémicité de la schistosomiase sino-japonaise et d'une zone où cette maladie n'est pas endémique, appartenant à la province d'Anhui, en Chine. Tous ces prélèvements ont ensuite été analysés en laboratoire par du personnel spécialisé utilisant une technique de diagnostic parasitologique classique (technique de Kato), la technique d'hémagglutination indirecte (IHA) et le test CDIFA. Les résultats des tests CDIFA effectués par les agents de santé ont été comparés à ceux obtenus par la technique de Kato et par hémagglutination indirecte. RÉSULTATS: Le taux de concordance entre les résultats des tests CDIFA effectués sur le terrain et en laboratoire est élevé (indice kappa : 0,95, intervalle de confiance à 95 % : 0,93- 0,97). Si l'on utilise la technique Kato comme référence, on parvient à une sensibilité et à une spécificité globales pour le test CDIFA de 98,5 % et de 83,6 % respectivement dans les deux villages situés en zones de faible endémicité, ainsi qu'à une spécificité de 99,8 % dans le village exempt de schistosomiase sino-japonaise à l'état endémique. Par comparaison avec la technique d'hémagglutination indirecte (IHA), la spécificité et la sensibilité globales du test CDIFA sont respectivement supérieures à 99 et 96 %. Si l'on se réfère à une combinaison de la technique KATO et de la technique d'hémagglutination indirecte, on obtient pour le test CDIFA une sensibilité de 95,8 % et une spécificité de 99,5 %, ainsi qu'une précision de 98,6 % dans les deux zones d'endémicité. CONCLUSION: Le test CDIFA offre une méthode spécifique, sensible et fiable permettant le dépistage rapide sur le terrain de la schistosomiase par les agents de santé.