ABSTRACT Introduction: We compared characteristics of patients undergoing prostate biopsy in a high-risk inner city population before and after the 2012 USPSTF recommendation against PSA based prostate cancer screening to determine its effect on prostate biopsy practices. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study including patients who received biopsies after an abnormal PSA measurement from October 2008-December 2015. Patients with previously diagnosed prostate cancer were excluded. Chi-square tests of independence, two sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Fisher's exact tests were performed. Results: There were 202 and 208 patients in the pre-USPSTF and post-USPSTF recommendation cohorts, respectively. The post-USPSTF cohort had higher median PSA (7.8 versus 7.1ng/mL, p=0.05), greater proportion of patients who were black (96.6% versus 90.5%, p=0.01), and greater percentage of biopsy cores positive for disease (58% versus 29.5%, p<0.001). Multivariable analysis supported that the increase in PSA was independent of the increase in the proportion of patients who were black. The proportion of patients who were classified as D’Amico intermediate and high-risk disease increased in the post-USPSTF cohort and approached statistical significance (70.1% versus 58.8%, p=0.12). Conclusions: Our study suggests that the USPSTF recommendations may have led to an increase in pre-biopsy PSA as well as greater volume of disease. Also, a greater proportion of patients were being classified with intermediate or high risk disease. While the clinical significance of these findings is unknown, what the data suggests is somewhat troubling. Future research should further examine these changes in a larger cohort as well as resultant long-term outcomes.

Objective To analyze patients from an underserved area who presented initially with metastatic prostate cancer in order to identify patients in our population who would suffer greatly if PSA screening was eliminated. Materials and Methods A prospectively maintained androgen deprivation therapy database from an inner city municipal hospital was queried to identify patients who presented with metastatic prostate cancer. We identified 129 individuals from 1999 to 2009 eligible for study. Those who underwent previous treatment for prostate cancer were excluded. We examined metastatic distribution and analyzed survival using Kaplan Meier probability curves. Results The median age of presentation was 68 with a median Gleason sum of 8 per prostate biopsy. Thirty-two patients presented with hydronephrosis with a median creatinine of 1.79, two of whom required emergent dialysis. Of those patients who underwent radiographic imaging at presentation, 35.5% (33/93) had lymphadenopathy suspicious for metastasis, 16.1% (15/93) had masses suspicious for visceral metastases. Of the patients who underwent a bone scan 93% (118/127) had positive findings with 7.9% (10/127) exhibiting signs of cord compression. The 2 and 5- year cancer specific survival was 92.1% and 65.6%, respectively. Conclusions In this study we have highlighted a group of men in an underserved community who presented with aggressive and morbid PCa despite widespread acceptance of PSA screening.