Abstract Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a functional food that is commercially available worldwide. Triterpenoid saponins are the main active components in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which are usually hydrolyzed into triterpene sapogenins in organisms to play a pharmacological role. Gypensapogenin D is a triterpene sapogenins with the highest content in the hydrolysate of gypenoside. In addition, it was found that Gypensapogenin D had a certain inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. In view of the poor solubility of Gypensapogenin D, which affects its bioavailability, Gypensapogenin D was prepared as a liposomal formulation in this paper, which provides valuable data for the later in-depth study and drug development and utilization of this compound. worldwide role gypenoside addition αglucosidase. αglucosidase α glucosidase. glucosidase α-glucosidase bioavailability paper indepth depth compound

Abstract Dendrobium nobile is a traditional Chinese medicine and nourishing food in China. Alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides are the two main active ingredients in D. nobile. The previous reports showed that alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides have the same upstream biosynthetic pathway, starting from sesquiterpene components, part of which is converted to sesquiterpene glycosides by the action of UDP-glycosyltransferase, and part of which is further synthesized to alkaloids. Therefore, sesquiterpene UDP-glycosyltransferases play an important role in the biosynthesis of alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides in D. nobile. In this study, the key glycosyltransferase genes in sesquiterpene glycosylation in D. nobile were explored, predicted and validated by transcriptome technology. China D pathway components UDPglycosyltransferase, UDPglycosyltransferase UDP glycosyltransferase, UDP-glycosyltransferase Therefore UDPglycosyltransferases glycosyltransferases study explored technology

Abstract Adaptation of photoperiod-sensitive japonica rice varieties from long-day (LD) to short-day (SD) conditions is impeded by their extremely early flowering in response to photoperiod change, but the genetic factor underlying this is still elusive. We detected mutations in Hd1 in Zhenjing2400 through gene mapping and sequencing analysis. Genome resequencing of the varieties Zhenjing2400 and Jiahe218 identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the other flowering-related genes Ehd1, SDG725, OsCOL15, DTH2, and DTH7. We constructed recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Zhenjing2400 and Jiahe218, and selected homozygous lines with these six genes. We established that photoperiod insensitivity is caused by a defective Hd1 gene. In addition, the effect of Hd1 and Ehd1 on heading date was stronger than that of the other four genes. Measurements of agronomic traits and quality traits in homozygous lines demonstrated the superiority of the hd1 ehd1 genotype for eating quality and photoperiod-insensitive high yield. photoperiodsensitive sensitive longday long day LD (LD shortday short SD (SD change elusive Hd Zhenjing Zhenjing240 analysis Jiahe Jiahe21 SNPs (SNPs floweringrelated related Ehd SDG725 SDG OsCOL15 OsCOL DTH2 DTH DTH7 RILs (RILs addition hd ehd photoperiodinsensitive insensitive yield Zhenjing24 Jiahe2 SDG72 OsCOL1 Zhenjing2 SDG7

Abstract The meticulous design and data processing of the SHPB test necessitate an exact analysis of the elastic segment to ensure an accurate acquisition of dynamic parameters. When other conditions align with theoretical requirements, a pressing question arises: Is the Young's modulus obtained through the stress wave theory while processing SHPB test data accurate? This is an issue that must be clearly addressed. To tackle this question, analytical expressions for parameters such as stress difference and particle velocity difference were derived. This allowed for the analysis of curve characteristics, influencing factors, and their underlying mechanisms. Building on this, equations for determining Young's modulus were deduced. The research indicates that when the wave impedance ratio is relatively large, the Young's modulus provided by the "two-wave method" inherently has a significant theoretical error. However, when the incident wave is sufficiently gradual, the Young's modulus deduced by the "three-wave method" proves to be remarkably accurate. requirements arises Youngs Young s addressed derived characteristics factors mechanisms large twowave two method error However gradual threewave three

ABSTRACT Salinity stress profoundly affects crop plants’ morphological structures and physiological processes, decreasing plant growth and development. The application of phytohormones has been proved an efficient way to alleviate salinity stress. This study was done to evaluate the effects of exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3; 0.288 mM), salicylic acid (SA; 0.362 mM), indole acetic acid (IAA; 0.285 mM) and control (0 mM) on seedling growth and physiological parameters of hargel (Solenostemma argel Hayne) seedlings under different salinity levels (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl). Significant decreases due to salinity stress were observed in all the seedling growth parameters shoot and root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, chlorophyll a and b content, and antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). In contrast, soluble protein and carotenoid content increased with increasing salinity. At high salinity level, GA3 increased carotenoid content and APX activity by 56.4% and 53.4%, respectively, while SA increased shoot dry weight, SOD, POD and soluble protein by 1.3-fold, 1.3-fold, 1.95-fold and 93.2%, compared with the control, IAA increased root length and fresh root weight at the same salinity level by 1.58-fold and 2-fold, respectively. In conclusion, seed priming with an appropriate dosage of exogenous hormones successfully mitigates the adverse effects of NaCl by increasing photosynthetic pigment, antioxidant enzyme activity and seedling growth parameters. Furthermore, SA exhibited the best mitigating effects compared to IAA and GA3.

Abstract To explore the impact of Nutren on postoperative nutritional status, incision healing and inflammation in patients with colon cancer (CC). Division of 94 patients with CC as the research object was into the observation group (51 cases) and the control (43 cases) on the grounds of postoperative enteral nutrition support (ENS). Analysis of the influence of Nutren on postoperative nutritional status, inflammation and incision healing was performed. No distinct differences between the two groups in surgical efficacy, survival rate, distant metastasis rate and recurrence rate after surgery of 2 years (P > 0.05); The incision healing time of the observation was shorter versus the control, and the incision healing was superior versus the control. Hemoglobin, albumin and total plasma protein of 14 d after operation were elevated versus the control, and c-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 were declined versus the control (P < 0.05). Giving of enteral nutrition support is to patients after CC radical resection, which is available to ameliorate the nutritional status, accelerate incision healing, and decline inflammation.

Abstract It has been reported that xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Asp312Asn is related to esophageal cancer (EC). Nevertheless, in 12 recent years, some researchers have put forward different points of view. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relation between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and the risk of EC in Chinese. Related studies were searched in the databases between the beginning to October 2019. An OR with 14 the corresponding 95% CI was carried out to appraise the relevance. There were 8 studies with 2553 esophageal cancer cases and 3091 controls in 15 this meta-analysis. Due to no heterogeneities among the selected studies of all the four genetic models, fxed-effect model was used in each genotype. There was not significant relationship between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and EC in overall analyses by pooled ORs and subgroup analyses stratified by geographic area and source of controls. In conclusion, there may be not association between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and EC in Chinese populations. Further studies about other ethnic groups are needed to confirm this conclusion.

RESUMO Objetivos Avaliar o potencial da aplicação da tecnologia de impressão 3D na medição da área de defeito ósseo acetabular em pacientes adultos diagnosticados com displasia do desenvolvimento do quadril (DDH). Métodos 23 casos de DDH que requereram cirurgia de substituição total do quadril foram incluídos neste estudo. O exame pré-operatório confirmou os filmes pélvicos padrão Crowe, incluindo 3 casos de Crowe I, 7 Crowe II, e 13 Crowe III. A tecnologia de impressão 3D foi utilizada para imprimir o modelo de quadril antes da operação. Com base no modelo pré-impresso, o planejamento pré-operatório e os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram estabelecidos. A área dos defeitos ósseos acetabulares foi medida, a prótese de tamanho selecionado foi registrada, e a cirurgia foi realizada (grupo A). A área do defeito ósseo acetabular real e o tamanho da prótese também foram registrados (grupo B). Resultados Os resultados comparativos indicaram que a área real do defeito acetabular medida intraoperativamente e a área medida usando a tecnologia de impressão 3D não diferiu significativamente para todos os participantes (todos P>0,05). Conclusão O modelo pré-operatório pode medir com precisão a área de defeito ósseo acetabular para DDH. É relevante desenvolver implantes individualizados para pacientes com DDH tratados com a técnica de impressão 3D. Nível de Evidência IV: Série de casos.

ABSTRACT Objectives Evaluate the application value of 3D printing technology in measuring acetabular bone defect area in adult patients diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods 23 cases of DDH requiring total hip replacement surgery were enrolled in this study. Preoperative examination confirmed the standard pelvic plain films Crowe, including 3 cases of Crowe I, 7 Crowe II, and 13 Crowe III. The 3D printing technology was used to print the hip model before the operation. Based on the pre-printed model, pre-operative planning and surgical procedures were established. The area of the acetabular bone defects was measured, the selected size prosthesis was recorded, and the surgery was performed (group A). The actual acetabular bone defect area and the prosthesis size were also recorded (group B). Results The comparative results indicated that the actual acetabular defect area measured intraoperatively and the area measured using the 3D printing technology did not significantly differ for all participants (all P>0.05). Conclusion Preoperative model can accurately measure the acetabular bone defect area for DDH. It is significant to develop individualized implants for DDH patients treated with the 3D printing technique. Level of Evidence IV: Case series.

ABSTRACT Objective: This meta-analysis is the first to evaluate the associations of circulating and dietary intake of vitamin D with risk of risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Our findings showed that higher circulating vitamin D level and dietary vitamin D intake were associated with a reduced risk of RCC. The possible explanation might be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effect, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis. Materials and Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases from their inception points through December 2018 for observational studies. The pooled relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was employed to assess the quality of the included studies. Results: A total of 9 publications were included in this meta-analysis. An overall analysis of the highest versus lowest intake levels revealed that circulating vitamin D level was protectively associated with risk of RCC 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64-0.89, P=0.001), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2=38.8%, P=0.162). In addition, dietary vitamin D intake was associated with a reduced risk of RCC (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 75-0.99, P=0.030). Statistical heterogeneity was not identified (I2=28.8%, P=0.199). Subgroup analyses results showed the gender differences, and the associations were significant in results with women participants (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.55-0.88) and case-control studies (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.95). Conclusion: Higher circulating vitamin D level and higher dietary vitamin D intake both might be associated with a reduced risk of RCC. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are required in the future to confirm our results.

Resumo Fundamento A ablação da taquicardia atrial (TA) com local de ativação mais precoce próxima ao feixe de His é um desafio, devido ao risco de bloqueio de AV completo por sua proximidade ao sistema de His-Purkinje (SHP). Uma alternativa para minimizar esse risco é posicionar o cateter na cúspide não coronária (CNC), que é anatomicamente contígua à região para-Hissiana. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma revisão de literatura e avaliar as características eletrofisiológicas, a segurança e o índice de sucesso de aplicação de radiofrequência (RF) por cateter na CNC para o tratamento de TA para-Hissiana em uma série de casos. Métodos Avaliamos retrospectivamente dez pacientes (Idade: 36±10 anos) que foram encaminhados para ablação de taquicardia paroxística supraventricular (TPSV) e haviam sido diagnosticados com TA focal para-Hissiana confirmada por manobras eletrofisiológicas clássicas. Para a análise estatística, um P valor d <0.05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados A ativação atrial mais precoce na posição His foi de 28±12ms da onda P, e a CNC foi 3±2ms antes da posição His, sem evidência de potencial His em todos os pacientes. Foi aplicada RF à CNC (cateter de ponta de 4-mm; 30W, 55°C) e a taquicardia foi interrompida em 5±3s sem aumento no intervalo PR ou evidência de um ritmo juncional. Os testes eletrofisiológicos não induziram novamente a taquicardia em 9/10 pacientes. Não houve complicações em nenhum procedimento. Durante o período de acompanhamento de 30 ± 12 meses, nenhum paciente apresentou recorrência de taquicardia. Conclusão O tratamento percutâneo de TA para-Hissiana por meio de CNC é uma estratégia segura e eficiente, tornando-se uma opção interessante para o tratamento de arritmia complexa. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):119-126)

Abstract Background Atrial tachycardia (AT) ablation with earliest activation site close to the His-Bundle is a challenge due to the risk of complete AV block by its proximity to His-Purkinje system (HPS). An alternative to minimize this risk is to position the catheter on the non-coronary cusp (NCC), which is anatomically contiguous to the para-Hisian region. Objectives The aim of this study was to perform a literature review and evaluate the electrophysiological characteristics, safety, and success rate of catheter-based radiofrequency (RF) delivery in the NCC for the treatment of para-Hisian AT in a case series. Methods This study performed a retrospective evaluation of ten patients (Age: 36±10 y-o) who had been referred for SVT ablation and presented a diagnosis of para-Hisian focal AT confirmed by classical electrophysiological maneuvers. For statistical analysis, a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The earliest atrial activation at the His position was 28±12ms from the P wave and at the NCC was 3±2ms earlier than His position, without evidence of His potential in all patients. RF was applied on the NCC (4-mm-tip catheter; 30W, 55ºC), and the tachycardia was interrupted in 5±3s with no increase in the PR interval or evidence of junctional rhythm. Electrophysiological tests did not reinduce tachycardia in 9/10 of patients. There were no complications in all procedures. During the 30 ± 12 months follow-up, no patient presented tachycardia recurrence. Conclusion The percutaneous treatment of para-Hisian AT through the NCC is an effective and safe strategy, which represents an interesting option for the treatment of this complex arrhythmia. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):119-126)

Abstract Background: Water stress is one of the serious abiotic stresses that negatively influences the growth, development and production of sugarcane in arid and semi–arid regions. However, silicon (Si) has been applied as an alleviation strategy subjected to environmental stresses. Methods: In this experiment, Si was applied as soil irrigation in sugarcane plants to understand the mitigation effect of Si against harmful impact of water stress on photosynthetic leaf gas exchange. Results: In the present study we primarily revealed the consequences of low soil moisture content, which affect overall plant performance of sugarcane significantly. Silicon application reduced the adverse effects of water stress by improving the net photosynthetic assimilation rate (Anet) 1.35–18.75%, stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs) 3.26–21.57% and rate of transpiration (E) 1.16–17.83%. The mathematical models developed from the proposed hypothesis explained the functional relationships between photosynthetic responses of Si application and water stress mitigation. Conclusions: Silicon application showed high ameliorative effects on photosynthetic responses of sugarcane to water stress and could be used for mitigating environmental stresses in other crops, too, in future.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyse the incidence of long and short corrected QT (QTc) in a healthy sample of the population of Changsha in China. Methods: Standard 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed on 4025 subjects in Changsha of China, whose age ranged from 6 minutes after birth to 83 years, between January 1993 and December 2012. Heart rate and QT interval were measured and recorded. Corrected QT was calculated with Bazett´s formula (QTc = QT/RR0.5). All recruited individuals had taken healthy examination, ruling out general health issue, in The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 16.0 software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The incidence of short QTc was 7.13% (287/4025 cases). The peak values of the incidence were in the 30–40 years group (15.71%). The low values were in the 1–3 months group and 3–6 months group (0%, 0.76%), respectively. The incidence of long QTc was 3.16% (127/4025 cases). The values diminished significantly after adulthood. The low values were in the age groups of 18–30 years (0.86%) and 30–40 years (0.71%), respectively. After the age of 50 years, the incidence of long QTc increased with age 50–60 years and 60–70 years and 70–83 years (7.89%, 9.06%, 14.06%), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The peak incidences of long and short QTc existed in two separate age groups in the healthy sample. The peak incidence of short QTc was in the age group of 18–40 years, and the peak incidence of long QTc was in the age group beyond the 50 years. For these two age groups, it was recommended to pay close attention to the changes in their QTc in order to prevent cardiovascular events.

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a male patient from Xinjiang with fever of unknown origin and significant weight loss for more than 1 month. He was admitted to hospital with negative Rose Bengal test (RBT) and decreased leucocyte count. Ultrasound revealed splenomegaly and abdominal computed tomography, which showed multiple hypodense splenic nodules. The patient was suspected of lymphoma or tuberculosis. Pathological biopsy suggested brucellosis infection following splenectomy. Anti-Brucella treatment was effective and his temperature gradually returned to normal. During the follow-up, the patient's RBT result turned to positive and he was instructed to continue the anti-Brucella drug regimen. His temperature, weight, white blood cell count, other laboratory examinations, and imaging findings all returned to normal during the 6-month follow-up after the treatment.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have not shown any correlation between bile acid metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Thus, the current study evaluated the association between bile acid levels as well as BMD and bone turnover marker levels in this group of women. METHODS: This single-center cross-sectional study included 150 postmenopausal Chinese women. According to BMD, the participants were divided into three groups: osteoporosis group, osteopenia group, and healthy control group. Serum bile acid, fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), and bone turnover biomarker levels were assessed. Moreover, the concentrations of parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], procollagen type I N-peptide (P1NP), and beta-CrossLaps of type I collagen containing cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX) were evaluated. The BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur were examined via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The serum total bile acid levels in the osteoporosis and osteopenia groups (5.28±1.56 and 5.31±1.56 umol/L, respectively) were significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (6.33±2.04 umol/L; p=0.002 and 0.018, respectively). Serum bile acid level was positively associated with the BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. However, it negatively correlated with β-CTX concentration. Moreover, no correlation was observed between bile acid and P1NP levels, and the levels of the other biomarkers that were measured did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: Serum bile acid was positively correlated with BMD and negatively correlated with bone turnover biomarkers reflecting bone absorption in postmenopausal women. Thus, bile acid may play an important role in bone metabolism.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on the intestinal mucosal structure and immune cells of broilers infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. 160 1-d-old commercial Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly selected to receive one of four treatments, each of which had 5 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 8 chicks subjected to a 21-d feeding trial. Group I served as the unchallenged (CON). All birds in groups II (SCC) - IV were challenged with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. Enteritidis. The birds in groups III and IV were treated with 0.5% and 1.0% Gln. The results showed that S. Enteritidis infection led to a decrease in the relative length and weight, villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) of the jejunum and ileum, the number of intraepithelial lymphocyte cells, and number of goblet cells and an increase in the number of mast goblet cells compared with the measurements of these parameters in the CON group (p<0.05). In addition, the Gln groups had increased relative length and weight, VH:CD of the jejunum and ileum, numbers of intraepithelial lymphocyte cells, and numbers of goblet cells and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum and numbers of mast goblet cells compared with the measurements of these parameters in the SCC group (p<0.05). It was concluded that Gln added to broiler diets can effectively alleviate the intestinal mucosal damage caused by S. Enteritidis infection and improve its normal defense barrier function.