Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5’end or 3’end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5’ end or 3’ end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications.

ABSTRACT Introduction Main renal artery clamping and selective arterial clamping are two conventional devascularization methods for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) (1, 2). Decreasing warm ischemic (WI) time (3, 4) and improving clear surgical visualization (5) are the main surgically modifiable factors for RAPN, especially in large complex renal cancer (6). In this study, we described our surgical technique, focusing on gradual segmental artery unclamping on patients with large renal tumors. Material and methods Two patients (R.E.N.A.L score 10 and 11) underwent RAPN with gradual segmental artery unclamping (Figures 1 and 2). The unclamping included five key steps. First, all renal segmental arteries were identified as tumor feeding vessel(s) and the vessels for normal kidney parenchyma under the guidance of CT angiography (CTA) 3-division (3D) reconstruction. Second, all segmental arteries were isolated, and the feeding one(s) should be blocked before other arteries were blocked. Third, the tumor was resected outside the pseudocapsule, and the deep resection bed was sutured for initial hemostasis. Fourth, the segmental arteries were reopened except for the tumor feeding one(s), and normal kidney parenchyma restored blood supply. And fifth, the resection bed was completely sutured, and the feeding vessel supplying the tumor was opened after the suture. Warm ischemia time (WIT) was defined as the time measured between clamping and unclamping of the renal artery. WIT1 was the time for normal kidney parenchyma and WIT2 was the time for resection area. Patient demographics, perioperative variables, and warm ischemic time were included in our study. And we presented the details of gradual segmental artery unclamping in the video. Results In both cases, the total operation times were 215 and 130 mins for patient 1 and patient 2, respectively. WIT1 and WIT2 for patient 1 were 15 min and 33 min., and WIT1 and WIT2 for patient 2 were 21 min and 32 min, respectivelly. The maximum diameters of the masses resected were 10.8 and 7.3 cm, and surgical margins were negative. No patient had complications after operation. Preoperative and postoperative eGFR did not change significantly. Pre- and postoperative eGFR were 111 and 108 mL/min for patient 1, 91 and 83 mL/min for patient 2, respectively. Key hints for outcomes optimization during RAPN on patients with large complex renal tumors: 1) Each segmental renal artery is precised clamped before we excise the tumor, and an excellent surgical vision is essential for precising excision and shortening clamping time, 2) Other segmental renal arteries are unclamped except tumor feeding branch after suturing deep layer of parenchyma, and most normal parenchyma restores blood supply, 3) Preoperative high-resolution computed tomography angiography (CTA) and 3D reconstructive renal structure serve as a guide to clear the approach to find the tumor and segmental arteries (7, 8). Conclusions Gradual segmental artery unclamping is feasible and efficient to excise large complex renal cancer. Compared with main renal artery clamping, it can shorten the warm ischemic time of normal parenchyma; On the other hand, compared with selective segmental arterial clamping, the technique can reduce bleeding from the deep resection bed, keep a clear surgical vision, and decrease the incidence of positive margin.

Abstract Chickpea starch was modified by heat-moisture treatment (HMT). The effect of heat-moisture treatment on the amylose content of chickpea starch was studied, and the physicochemical properties, gelatinization properties, texture properties and digestion properties of modified chickpea starch were compared and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). After HMT, the amylose content of chickpea starch increased. Compared with the natural starch, the morphology of starch granule was changed and destroyed under the condition of higher water content (30%). It was found that the crystalline morphology had no obvious change, and the structure was still C-type. In FT-IR spectra, the position of characteristic absorption peak had no obvious change, and the internal structure and main components of chickpea starch had no obvious change. The solubility, swelling power, transparency, freeze-thaw stability and gelation ability of chickpea starch treated with HMT decreased, while the thermal stability increased and the anti-digestibility enhanced.

Abstract In this paper, ultrasonic surface rolling processing (USRP) was used to strengthen GCr15-bearing steel. A finite element three-dimensional model of USRP was established to analyze the residual compressive stress and equivalent plastic strain distribution on the bearing steel surface. The microstructure, hardness, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance before and after USRP treatment were characterized by SEM, EBSD, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical techniques. Results indicated that USRP treatment can significantly improve the material's surface microstructure and residual compressive stress distribution and obtain a plastic strain layer of about 60μm. After USRP treatment, the Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) increased, and the dislocation activity was more intensive, resulting in aggregation near grain boundaries, and the percentage of LAGBs increased to 38.8%. Under the combined effect of surface grain refinement, residual compressive stress, and high glossy surface, the self-corrosion current density is reduced by two orders of magnitude, and the corrosion resistance is significantly improved. This investigation suggests a solution to the bearing failure problem and has implications for understanding the deformation mechanism of ultrasonic surface rolling processing.

Abstract The innate immune response plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, no drug has been proven to be beneficial in the management of ARDS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using combined sedatives on systemic inflammatory responses in patients with ARDS. A total of 90 patients with ARDS and an intubation time of > 120 h were randomly divided into the propofol group (group P), midazolam group (group M), and combined sedation group (group U). Patients in groups P and M were sedated with propofol and midazolam, respectively, whereas patients in group U were sedated with a combination of propofol, midazolam, and dexmedetomidine. The dosage of sedatives and vasoactive drugs, duration of mechanical ventilation, and incidence of sedative adverse reactions were documented. The dosage of sedatives and vasoactive drugs, as well as the incidence of sedative adverse reactions in group U, was significantly lower than those in groups P and M. Similarly, the duration of mechanical ventilation in group U was significantly shorter than that in groups P and M. Hence, inducing sedation through a combination of multiple drugs can significantly reduce their adverse effects, improve their sedative effect, inhibit systemic inflammatory responses, and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS.

Abstract Voriconazole increases tacrolimus blood concentration significantly when coadministrated. The recommendation of reducing tacrolimus to 1/3 in voriconazole package insert seems not to be satisfactory in clinical practice. In vitro studies demonstrated that the magnitude of inhibition depends on the concentration of voriconazole, while voriconazole exposure is determined by the genotype status of CYP2C19. CYP2C19 gene polymorphism challenges the management of drug-drug interactions(DDIs) between voriconazole and tacrolimus. This work aimed to predict the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the DDIs by using physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models. The precision of the developed voriconazole and tacrolimus models was reasonable by evaluating the pharmacokinetic parameters fold error, such as AUC0-24, Cmax and tmax. Voriconazole increased tacrolimus concentration immediately in all population. The simulated duration of DDIs disappearance after voriconazole withdrawal were 146h, 90h and 66h in poor metabolizers (PMs), intermediate metabolizers (IMs) and extensive metabolizers(EMs), respectively. The developed and optimized PBPK models in this study can be applied to assit the dose adjustment for tacrolimus with and without voriconazole.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The sports psychology of athletes and public service policies in various places have been adjusted under the influence of the epidemic of COVID-19. However, team sports also need adjustments, and the paucity of evidence prevents safe decision-making. Objective: Research the current model to outline optimizations to team sports public service during the epidemic of COVID-19. Methods: The mechanism of athletes’ satisfaction was investigated, mainly involving organizing activities in sports venues, including geographical distribution, technical guidance, health services, etc. Results: According to the survey, the first concern was “organization of activities,” with a score of 3.783; followed by “number of places,” with a score of 3.252; and “health service,” with a score of 3.142. In the athletes’ satisfaction score relative to supply and demand, the first concern highlighted was “distribution of seats”, with a score of 3.682; followed by “number of seats”, with a score of 3.484; and “organization of activities”, with a score of 3.112. Conclusion: In optimizing the public team sports service model, the actual needs of the facilities should be fully considered to achieve scientific optimization of supply and demand. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Tanto la psicología deportiva de los atletas como las políticas de servicios públicos en diversos lugares se han ajustado bajo la influencia de la epidemia de COVID-19. Los deportes de equipo también necesitan ajustes y la escasez de pruebas impide tomar decisiones seguras al respecto. Objetivo: Investigar el modelo actual para delinear optimizaciones al servicio público de los deportes de equipo durante la epidemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Se investigó el mecanismo de satisfacción de los atletas, que involucra principalmente la organización de actividades en las instalaciones deportivas, incluyendo la distribución geográfica, la orientación técnica, los servicios de salud, etc. Resultados: Según la encuesta realizada, la primera preocupación era la “organización de las actividades”, con una puntuación de 3,783; seguida del “número de plazas”, con una puntuación de 3,252; y del “servicio sanitario”, con una puntuación de 3,142. En la puntuación de satisfacción de los atletas en relación con la oferta y la demanda, la primera preocupación destacada fue la “distribución de los lugares”, con una puntuación de 3,682; seguida del “número de lugares”, con una puntuación de 3,484; y de la “organización de las actividades”, con una puntuación de 3,112. Conclusión: En el proceso de optimización del modelo de servicio público de deportes de equipo, deben tenerse plenamente en cuenta las necesidades reales de las instalaciones para lograr una optimización científica de la oferta y la demanda. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: Tanto a psicologia esportiva dos atletas quanto as políticas de serviço público em vários lugares foram ajustadas sob a influência da epidemia da COVID-19. Os esportes em equipe também necessitam de adaptações e a escassez de evidências impede tomadas de decisões seguras neste aspecto. Objetivo: Pesquisar o modelo atual para traçar otimizações ao serviço público esportivo de equipe durante a epidemia da COVID-19. Métodos: O mecanismo de satisfação dos atletas foi investigado, envolvendo principalmente a organização de atividades em locais esportivos, incluindo distribuição geográfica, orientação técnica, serviços de saúde, etc. Resultados: De acordo com a pesquisa levantada, a primeira preocupação foi “organização de atividades”, com pontuação de 3.783; seguido de “número de vagas”, com pontuação de 3.252; e “serviço de saúde”, com pontuação de 3.142. Na pontuação de satisfação das atletas relativa à oferta e demanda, a primeira preocupação destacada foi “distribuição de lugares”, com pontuação de 3,682; seguida de “número de lugares”, com pontuação de 3,484; e “organização de atividades”, com pontuação de 3,112. Conclusão: No processo de otimização do modelo de serviço público esportivo de equipes, as necessidades reais das instalações devem ser plenamente consideradas, a fim de alcançar a otimização científica da oferta e da demanda. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the association between Monocyte Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) and Abdominal Aortic Calcification (AAC) in adults over 40 years of age in the United States. Methods Data were collected from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). AAC was quantified by the Kauppila score system based on dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. Severe AAC was defined as a total AAC score > 6. The lymphocyte count and monocyte count can be directly obtained from laboratory data files. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between MLR and the AAC score and severe AAC. Results A total of 3,045 participants were included in the present study. After adjusting for multiple covariates, MLR was positively associated with higher AAC score (β = 0.21, 95% CI 0.07, 0.34, p = 0.0032) and the odds of severe AAC increased by 14% per 0.1 unit increase in the MLR (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.00, 1.31, p = 0.0541). The Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) of severe AAC for participants in MLR tertile 3 was 1.88 (1.02, 3.47) compared with those in tertile 1 (p for trend = 0.0341). Subgroup analyses showed that a stronger association was detected in the elderly compared with non-elderly (p for interaction = 0.0346) and diabetes compared with non-diabetes (borderline significant p for interaction = 0.0578). Conclusion In adults in the United States, MLR was associated with higher AAC scores and a higher probability of severe AAC. MLR may become a promising tool to predict the risk of AAC.

Abstract Background Fever is a common symptom of Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). However, the exact correlation between fever and the prognosis of IIM is still unclear. This study aims to clarify if the IIM patients initiated with fever are associated with poorer outcomes. Methods This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from 79 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive IIM patients in the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Wuxi, Jiangsu, China) from November 2016 to June 2020. According to the presence or absence of fever at the onset, the IIM patients were divided into two groups(fever group n = 28, without fever group n = 51) Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, treatment, and outcomes were recorded. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to compare the all-cause mortality, relapse rate, and acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) incidence. The association of fever with the outcomes was assessed in the unadjusted and adjusted forward logistic regression model. Results Compared with the non-fever group, the age at onset of the fever group was higher, and mechanic's hands (MH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) were more common. Systemic inflammation (CRP and ESR) was significantly higher in the fever group, while the level of albumin(ALB) and muscle enzymes were lower. The fever group seemed to be received more aggressive treatment, with higher dose glucocorticoids and higher rates of intravenous immunoglobulins(IVIG) use. The all-cause mortality rate and the incidence rate of AE-ILD were higher in the fever group. Even adjusted for the age at onset and treatments, fever was significantly associated with AE-ILD and all-cause mortality. Conclusion Our study has demonstrated that fever at initial diagnosis is associated with AE-ILD and mortality. Fever should serve as an early clinical warning sign for poor outcomes in IIM patients.

RESUMO: O desenvolvimento de destinos de turismo rural na China está enfrentando vários problemas, incluindo a expansão cega e um modelo de desenvolvimento repetitivo, fazendo com que o setor entre em um ciclo vicioso de competição. A percepção dos turistas sobre os destinos de turismo rural e sua vontade de revisitar os lugares fornecerão insights para os prestadores de serviços que os capacitarão a formar melhores estratégias para se destacar no mercado acirrado. Compreender a percepção do turista permitirá que os provedores contribuam para a construção de destinos turísticos rurais. Tomando a aldeia de cultura popular Ma Wei Yi como um estudo de caso, este artigo combina o status de desenvolvimento do turismo rural em Ma Wei Yi, obtém dados em primeira mão por meio de entrevistas por questionário, verifica a hipótese de pesquisa e usa o coeficiente de Pearson para realizar a análise de correlação. O artigo conclui que a percepção rural dos turistas tem um impacto positivo e forte na sua vontade de revisitar, e seus fatores têm impactos diferentes. De acordo com os resultados empíricos, os provedores de destinos turísticos devem prestar atenção ao desenvolvimento perceptivo rural em seus processos de desenvolvimento e operação de acompanhamento. Eles podem então efetivamente atrair turistas para visitar várias vezes, aumentar a sensação de experiência agradável do turista e alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável. RESUMO problemas repetitivo competição acirrado rurais caso questionário correlação diferentes empíricos acompanhamento vezes sustentável

ABSTRACT: The development of rural tourism destinations in China is confronting multiple issues, including blind expansion and a repetitive developmental model, causing the sector to enter a vicious competition cycle. The perception among tourists of rural tourism destinations, and their willingness to revisit places will provide insights for service providers that will enable them to form better strategies to stand out in the fiercely competitive market. Understanding tourist perception will enable providers to contribute to the construction of rural tourist destinations. Taking Ma Wei Yi Folk Culture Village as a case study, this paper combines the development status of rural tourism in Ma Wei Yi, obtains first-hand data through questionnaire interviews, verifies the research hypothesis, and uses Pearson coefficient to carry out correlation analysis. The paper concluded that tourists’ rural perception has a positive and strong impact on their willingness to revisit, and its factors have different impacts. According to the empirical results, tourist destination providers should pay attention to rural perceptual development in their follow-up development and operation processes. They can effectively attract tourists to visit multiple times, enhance tourist’s sense of enjoyable experience, and achieve sustainable development. ABSTRACT issues model cycle market study firsthand first hand interviews hypothesis analysis impacts results followup follow up processes times s experience

Abstract Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a specific α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is protective against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, the association between DEX preconditioning-induced cardioprotection and mitophagy suppression remains unclear. Objective Hence, we aimed to investigate whether DEX preconditioning alleviates MIRI by suppressing mitophagy via α2-adrenergic receptor activation. Method Sixty isolated rat hearts were treated with or without DEX before inducing ischemia and reperfusion; an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, yohimbine (YOH), was also administered before ischemia, alone or with DEX. The heart rate (HR), left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximal and minimal rate of left ventricular pressure development (±dp/dtmax), and myocardial infarction size were measured. The mitochondrial ultrastructure and autophagosomes were assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using JC-1 and dichloride hydrofluorescein diacetate assays, respectively. The expression levels of the mitophagy-associated proteins Beclin1, LC3II/I ratio, p62, PINK1, and Parkin were detected by western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, in the ischemia/reperfusion group, the HR, LVDP, and ±dp/dtmax were remarkably decreased (p< 0.05), whereas LVEDP and infarct sizes were significantly increased (p< 0.05). DEX preconditioning significantly improved cardiac dysfunction reduced myocardial infarction size, maintained mitochondrial structural integrity, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited autophagosomes formation, and decreased ROS production and Beclin1, LC3II/I ratio, PINK1, Parkin, and p62 expression(p< 0.05). When DEX and YOH were combined, YOH canceled the effect of DEX, whereas the use of YOH alone had no effect. Conclusion Therefore, DEX preconditioning was cardioprotective against MIRI in rats by suppressing mitophagy via α2-adrenergic receptor activation.

Resumo Fundamento A dexmedetomidina (DEX), um agonista específico do receptor α2-adrenérgico, é protetora contra lesão de isquemia/reperfusão miocárdica (I/R). No entanto, a associação entre a cardioproteção induzida pelo pré-condicionamento DEX e a supressão da mitofagia permanece pouco clara. Objetivo Portanto, nosso objetivo foi investigar se o pré-condicionamento com DEX alivia a I/R, suprimindo a mitofagia via ativação do receptor α2-adrenérgico. Método Sessenta corações de ratos isolados foram tratados com ou sem DEX antes de induzir isquemia e reperfusão; um antagonista do receptor α2-adrenérgico, a ioimbina (YOH), também foi administrado antes da isquemia, isoladamente ou com DEX. A frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (PDVE), pressão diastólica final do ventrículo esquerdo (PDFVE), taxa máxima e mínima de desenvolvimento da pressão ventricular esquerda (±dp/dtmax) e tamanho do infarto do miocárdio foram medidos. A ultraestrutura mitocondrial e as autofagossomas foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O potencial de membrana mitocondrial e os níveis de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) foram medidos usando os ensaios JC-1 e diacetato de diclorodi hidrofluoresceína, respectivamente. Os níveis de expressão das proteínas associadas à mitofagia Beclin1, relação LC3II/I, p62, PINK1 e Parkin foram detectados por western blotting. Resultados Em comparação com o grupo controle, no grupo isquemia/reperfusão, a FC, PDVE e ±dp/dtmax foram notavelmente diminuídas (p<0,05), enquanto os tamanhos da PDFVE e do infarto aumentaram significativamente (p<0,05). O pré-condicionamento com DEX melhorou significativamente a disfunção cardíaca, reduziu o tamanho do infarto do miocárdio, manteve a integridade estrutural mitocondrial, aumentou o potencial de membrana mitocondrial, inibiu a formação de autofagossomas e diminuiu a produção de ROS e a relação Beclin1, relação LC3II/I, expressão PINK1, Parkin e p62(p<0,05). Quando DEX e YOH foram combinados, o YOH cancelou o efeito da DEX, enquanto o uso de YOH sozinha não teve efeito. Conclusão Portanto, o pré-condicionamento DEX foi cardioprotetor contra I/R em ratos, suprimindo a mitofagia por meio da ativação do receptor α2-adrenérgico.

SUMMARY: For treating cruciate ligament injuries, especially for characterizing the mechanics of the tunnel in cruciate ligament reconstruction, correctly understanding the bony information of the attachment area of the cruciate ligaments is significant. We studied 31 knee joints of middle-aged Chinese adults using the P45 sheet plastination technique, focusing on the attachment areas of the cruciate ligaments, especially the bony structures. The trabeculae at the attachment area were distributed radially and extended deep into the medial wall of the lateral condyle of the femur. However, in the anterior part of the intercondylar eminence, the trabeculae of the anterior group were parallelly arranged along the tendinous fibers of the anterior cruciate ligament, while the trabeculae of the posterior group were parallelly arranged along the perpendicular direction of the anterior cruciate ligament fibers. Similarly, at the attachment area of the lateral wall of the medial condyle of the posterior cruciate ligament, the trabeculae extended radially toward the deep medial condyle. Deep in the posterior part of the intercondylar eminence, the trabeculae were arranged longitudinally. In the anterior part of the intercondylar eminence, the trabeculae were parallelly arranged along the perpendicular directions of ligament fibers. The distribution patterns of the trabecular at the attachment areas of the cruciate ligaments at the ends of the femur and tibia were different. This difference should be considered when orthopedic surgeons reconstruct anterior cruciate ligaments.

RESUMEN: Para el tratamiento de lesiones de los ligamentos cruzados, especialmente para caracterizar la mecánica del túnel en su reconstrucción, es importante comprender correctamente la información ósea del área de inserción de estos ligamentos. Estudiamos 31 articulaciones de rodilla de individuos chinos, adultos, de mediana edad, utilizando la técnica de plastinación de láminas P45, centrándonos en las áreas de unión de los ligamentos cruzados, especialmente en las estructuras óseas. Las trabéculas en el área de inserción se distribuyeron radialmente y se extendieron profundamente en la pared medial del cóndilo lateral del fémur. Sin embargo, en la parte anterior de la eminencia intercondílea, las trabéculas del grupo anterior estaban dispuestas paralelamente a lo largo de las fibras tendinosas del ligamento cruzado anterior, mientras que las trabéculas del grupo posterior estaban dispuestas paralelamente a lo largo de la dirección perpendicular de las fibras del ligamento cruzado anterior. De manera similar, en el área de inserción en la cara lateral del cóndilo medial del ligamento cruzado posterior, las trabéculas se extendían radialmente y profundas hacia el cóndilo medial. Profundamente en la parte posterior de la eminencia intercondílea, las trabéculas estaban dispuestas longitudinalmente. En la parte anterior de la eminencia intercondílea, las trabéculas estaban dispuestas paralelamente a lo largo de las direcciones perpendiculares de las fibras del ligamento. Los patrones de distribución del tejido óseo trabecular en las áreas de unión de los ligamentos cruzados en los extremos del fémur y la tibia eran diferentes. Estas diferencias deben tenerse en consideración cuando los cirujanos ortopédicos reconstruyen los ligamentos cruzados anteriores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar o efeito antiproliferativo de poli (lactídeo-coglicolídeo) com superfície modificada carregada com carboplatina contra células de retinoblastoma. Métodos: Preparou-se poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) carregado com carboplatina com ou sem alginato de sódio para modifição da superfície, poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). O potencial zeta e o comportamento de liberação de carboplatina foram investigados. A captação celular do fármaco liberado foi observada na linha celular de retinoblastoma Y79. O efeito inibitório das nanopartículas carregadas com carboplatina contra a linha celular Y79 foi avaliado através do ensaio de metiltiazol tetrazólio e Western-blot. Carboplatina nativa e nanopartículas vazias sem carga de carboplatina serviram como controles. Resultados: O potencial zeta de poli carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) foi - (26,1 ± 3,1) mV versus - (43,1 ± 8,1) mV em poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). A percentagem de libertação de explosão de poli carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) foram (40,0 ± 8,2)% e (18,9 ± 4,3)% às 24 horas, respectivamente. Uma diferença significativa foi identificada em relação à liberação de fármaco entre poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e poli carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). A detecção de fluorescência revelou que a carboplatina foi assimilada intensamente no citoplasma da linha celular Y79 que foi exposta ao poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). A exposição de poli carregada com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) ou poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) inibiu a expressão de antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular em células Y79 no 3º dia. A extensão da exposição no 5º dia revelou que poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) para modificação da superfície foi superior a poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) em termos de inibição do antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular. O teste de viabilidade celular via metiltiazol tetrazólio mostrou um efeito inibitório semelhante. Além disso, as nanopartículas carregadas com carboplatina de concentração mais baixa inibiram a viabilidade celular mais fortemente em comparação com a carboplatina nativa de concentração mais alta no ensaio de metiltiazol tetrazólio. Conclusões: Poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) inibiu a proliferação de células de retinoblastoma com efeito superior em contraste com poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e carboplatina nativa. O alginato de sódio para modificação da superfície oferece uma estratégia potencial para o sistema de liberação de carboplatina sustentada.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the antiproliferative effect of carboplatin-loaded surface-modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) on retinoblastoma cells. Methods: Carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) with or without sodium alginate surface modification was prepared using sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide). The zeta potential and carboplatin release behavior were investigated. The cellular uptake of the released drug was observed in the retinoblastoma cell line Y79. The inhibitory effect of carboplatin-loaded nanoparticles against the Y79 cell line was evaluated using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and western blot. Native carboplatin and void nanoparticles without carboplatin loading were used as controls. Results: The zeta potential was -(26.1 ± 3.1) mV for carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and-(43.1 ± 8.1) mV for carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide). The burst release percentages of carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) were (40.0% ± 8.2%) and (18.9% ± 4.3%) at 24 hours, respectively. A significant difference was identified regarding drug release between carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide). Fluorescence detection revealed that intense uptake of carboplatin into the cytoplasm of the Y79 cell line that was exposed to carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide). Carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) or sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) exposure inhibited proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in Y79 cells on day 3. Extension of exposure to day 5 revealed that the sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) surface modification was superior to that of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) in terms of proliferating cell nuclear antigen inhibition. The cell viability test using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium revealed a similar inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the carboplatin-loaded nanoparticles of lower concentration inhibited cell viability more strongly than native carboplatin of higher concentration in methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Conclusions: Carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) inhibited retinoblastoma cell proliferation with superior effect as compared with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and native carboplatin. Sodium alginate surface modification offers a potential strategy for the sustained carboplatin release system.

Abstract The present study was aimed to investigate the clinical significance of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) in patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). This prospective case control study enrolled 319 cases of PHN patients from April 2017~December 2019. The patients’ sleep quality and quality of life were evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality score and the SF- 36 scale, respectively. The serum levels of MECP2, CRP, IL -6 and TNF-α were tested using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pain condition of the patients was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The levels of MECP2 were significantly increased in PHN patients compared with the patients without PHN. Serum MECP2 levels were the highest in patients with severe pain, and were the lowest in patients with mild pain. Similarly, the frequency of severe pain in patients with low expression of MECP2 was significantly lower than the patients with higher MECP2 expression. Besides, serum levels of inflammatory factors CRP, IL -6 and TNF-α were markedly increased in PHN patients, which were also increased with the increase of the severity of pain. CRP, IL -6 and TNF-α were positively correlated with serum levels of MECP2 in PHN patients. Before the study, patients with lower MECP2 levels showed a significantly higher SF-36 score and lower Pittsburgh and VAS scores than patients with higher levels of MECP2. However, after one month, no significant difference was found between the patients. ROC curve showed MECP2 had the potential as a diagnostic biomarker for PHN. In conclusion, higher serum MECP2 levels are associated with a more severe pain condition and increased release of inflammatory factors.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la importancia clínica de la MECP2 en pacientes con neuralgia posherpética (NPH). Este estudio observacional prospectivo incluyó 319 pacientes con NPH entre abril de 2017 y diciembre de 2019. La calidad del sueño y la calidad de vida de los pacientes se evaluaron con la escala de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y la escala SF - 36, respectivamente. Los niveles séricos de MECP2, PCR, IL -6 y TNF-α fueron determinados por ELISA. Se utilizó la escala visual analógica (EVA) para evaluar la intensidad del dolor. Los niveles de MECP2 en pacientes con NPH aumentaron significativamente en comparación con los pacientes sin NPH. El nivel sérico de MECP2 fue más alto en pacientes con dolor grave y el más bajo en pacientes con dolor leve. Además, la incidencia de dolor grave en pacientes con baja expresión de MECP2 fue significativamente menor que en pacientes con alta expresión de MECP2. Además, los niveles séricos de PCR, IL -6 y TNF-α aumentaron significativamente en pacientes con NPH, y se incrementaron con el aumento del grado de dolor. Los niveles séricos de PCR, IL -6 y TNF-α en pacientes con NPH se correlacionaron positivamente con los niveles séricos de MECP2. Antes del estudio, los pacientes con niveles más bajos de MECP2 tenían puntuaciones significativamente más altas de SF - 36, y puntuaciones más bajas de Pittsburgh y EVA que los pacientes con niveles más altos de MECP2. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los pacientes un mes después. Las curvas ROC mostraron que la MECP2 podría ser un biomarcador de diagnóstico para la NPH. En general, los niveles séricos más altos de la MECP2 se asociaron con condiciones de dolor más graves y un aumento de la liberación de factores inflamatorios.

Abstract: Due to the advantages of short treatment period, no wastewater and oil produced, the CO2 laser is applied as an environment friendly thermal treatment for wood materials to improve the wood properties, such as appearance, color and wettability, among others. However, the morphological features of treated wood surface are also changed, which have negative effects on wooden product properties. To reveal the change tendency of surface roughness during laser irradiation, the common indexes of average roughness (Ra) and mean peak-to-valley height (Rz) were chosen to evaluate the surface roughness. The response surface methodology was selected to arrange the experiments and analyze the influences of laser parameters on surface roughness. The results showed that the poplar wood got rougher with the increased laser power, but the surface roughness decreased with increased feed speed and path spacing, due to the total heat absorption varied under different combination of laser parameters. The ANOVA results showed that the selected quadratic models for Ra∥, Rz∥, Ra⊥and Rz⊥were significant due to the values of probability value (“Prob>F”) less than 0,05. In this case, all the input laser parameters were also the significant model terms for variation of surface roughness. The values of correlation coefficient were very close to 1, which meant the selected quadratic models could give accurate prediction of surface roughness for laser treated wood. Therefore, it is of great significance to predict the surface roughness of the modified wood surface scientifically and to guide the selection of reasonable modification process parameters.