Abstract In this study, antioxidant activities of extracts of 12 Korean strawberry cultivars were evaluated and validation of an analytical method for ellagic acid, a marker compound, was carried out. Cultivar 'Josaenghongshim' had the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, cultivar 'Josaenghongshim' had the highest value and cultivar 'Seolhyang' showing the highest activity. Ellagic acid contents of 'Suhong', 'Okme', and 'Dahong' cultivars were the highest ellagic acid content. Correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9999, showing very high linearity. The HPLC-DAD method for the quantitation of ellagic acid content showed high linearity at various concentration ranges, with a limit of detection of 2.35 μg/mL. The limit of quantification was 7.13 μg/mL. Relative standard deviations from intra- and inter-day precision were less than 5.13%. Recovery rates of ellagic acid at 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL, respectively, were 99.0-100.1% with RSD values less than 5.30%. These results provide viable information for the validation of antioxidant capacities of 12 cultivars of Korean strawberries.

Abstract Various antimicrobial peptides play important roles as barrier function against bacteria and as innate host immunity. Several major studies have shown reduced expression of human beta defensin (hBD-3) in atopic dermatitis, highlighting the importance of hBD-3. In course of our search for hBD-3 stimulatory herbal souces and biologically active components, we screened 400 oriental herbal extracts using a range of real-time PCRs in the human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT cells. We found that only six herbal extracts from Rubi Fructus, Lysimachiae Foenumgraeci Herba, Ailanthi Radicis Cortex, Galla Rhois, Peucedani Radix and Albizziae Cortex showed significant hBD-3 stimulatory effects. Although it did not have antimicrobial activity due to the low cytotoxic effect of Ailanthi Radicis Cortex, we further identified hBD-3-stimulating active ingredient in this extract. Efficient activity profiling based on HPLC was performed to identify active components from the extract of Ailanthi Radicis Cortex, and an hBD-3 stimulatory quassinoid component, ailanthone was identified by spectroscopic analysis. The present results show that Ailanthi Radicis Cortex and ailanthone have the potential to stimulate the expression of hBD-3 in HaCaT cells. These findings suggest new possibilities to control bacterial over-colonization found in atopic dermatitis using hBD-3 stimulatory herbal sources and ailanthone.

Abstract In this study, yield of Puerariae Flos extract showed 60% ethanol gave the highest yield of 26.34%. Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents were highest in 40% ethanol extract (5.86 mg TAE/g) and hot water extract (3.06 mg CE/g), respectively. Evaluation of the reducing power of transition metal ions such as phosphomolybdenum and ferric tripyridyltriazine complex were high in 100% ethanol extract (4.41 mg AAE/g) and hot water extract (42.62 µM TE/g), respectively. Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity such as DPPH, ABTS and NO were excellent in 40% ethanol extract (95.74 µM TE/g, 17.78 µM TE/g, 175.5 µg/mL) and the HP radical scavenging activity was excellent in 80% ethanol extract (308.3 µg/mL), respectively. A positive correlation (p < 0.01) was showed between TFC and FRAP assay (r = 0.866) highest significant. The correlation between PMA and ABTS radical scavenging activity was significantly high with r = 0.913 (p < 0.01). The overall results of this work showed that Puerariae Flos is a candidate natural source of antioxidants.

Abstract In this study, antioxidant activities of HeukHarang a novel Korean Lectuca sativa L.extracts compair with Red skirt lettuce. The highest total polyphenol contents was 60% ethanol extracts of HeukHarang and total flavonoid contents was 40% ethanol extracts, 84.70 ± 0.11 mg TAE/10 g DW and 63.82 ± 0.09 mg QE/10 g DW, respectively. The highest FRAP activity and PMA were 60% and 80% ethanol extracts of heuharang, 1,876.3 ± 0.01 mM TEAC/10 g DW and 26.2 ± 0.0 mM AAEAC/10 g DW, respectively. Radical scavenging activity also HeukHarang ethanol extracts was higher than Red skirt lettuce. The highest ORAC value was 76.0 ± 0.43 mM TEAC/10 g DWthehd, 100% ethanol extracts of HeukHarang. As a result, the all antioxidant activities of Heuhalang ethanol extracts were higher than that of Red skirt lettuce as a control.

Abstract This study aims at characterization of the anti-cancer active compounds separated from stems and branches of Sambucus williamsii var. coreana Nakai (Caprifoliaceae). Bioactivity-guided fractionation of ethanol extracts from the S. williamsii was isolated of three triterpenoid compounds. S. williamsii fractions showed superior growth inhibitory activity against three cancer cells (HCT116, A549 and MDA-MB231). Active fraction was isolated and analyzed and led to the identification of three active triterpenoid compounds using HPLC, NMR, and LC-MS spectrometer, their structures were established as betulinic acid (1), oleanolic acid (2) and ursolic acid (3). The results of this study performed with S. williamsii will be helpful to develop new and efficient anti-cancer agents. Also, this research was supported the previous separations and isolations studies on active ingredients of S. williamsii.

Abstract Cytotoxic activity profiling of the n-hexane extract from the fruit pulp of Ginkgo biloba L. (Gingkgoaceae) led to the purification of 8 compounds. HPLC based extract profiling identified a cytotoxic alkenylresorcinol. The extract was further separated by time-based fractionation in a gradient HPLC condition, and cytotoxicity of each fraction was evaluated using 293, B16F10, BJAB, and HCT116 cancer cells in vitro. Bilobol was isolated as an active constituent by semi-preparative HPLC and showed significant cytotoxic activities against the cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner at the concentrations of 15.0 ~ 50 μg/mL. The western blotting analysis showed that this compound increased expression of active caspase-3 and active caspase-8 in HCT116 human colon cancer cells, indicating that this compound causes apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that bilobol is the active component from fruit pulp of Ginkgo Biloba L. that can induce apoptotic cell death in various cancer cells.

Abstract The aim of this study was to developed HPLC simultaneous analysis method for the determination of Caffeoylquinic acid isolated from the leaf of Eribotrya japonica Lindl. extract. The phenolic compounds in E. japonica leaves were isolated and identified by HPLC, NMR, Mass etc. The quantitative analysis was carried out HPLC-DAD using C18 column with gradient elution of water and acetonitrile at 280 nM for 60 min. The method was successfully validated by specificity, LOD (linearity, limit of detection), LOQ (limit of quantification), precision and recovery. The three phenolic compounds were isolated from E. japonica leaves including 5-Caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), 4-Caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA) and 3-Caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA). In a quantitative analysis of three phenolic compounds were 3-CQA 7.82-14.48 µg/mL, 4-CQA 3.75-12.58 µg/mL and 5-CQA 3.60-7.82 µg/mL using the standard chemicals, respectively. The developed HPLC validation method would be applicable for simultaneous quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in E. japonica leaves extracts.

Abstract This study was conducted to compare the correlations between antioxidant activity and free radicals. Total Polyphenol and Flavonoid contents were the highest 31.97 ± 1.29 mg TAE/g and 96.1 ± 0.31 mg CE/g in hot water extract, respectively. FRAP activity was highest at 559.17 ± 2.69 mg TE/g in 60% EtOH extract. The RC50 values of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were lowest at 61.96 ± 5.01 μg/mL in 80% EtOH, 73.81 ± 0.16 μg/mL in 60% EtOH, respectively. The RC50 values of hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and NO radical scavenging activity were lowest at 265.33 ± 3.88 μg/mL in 60% EtOH and 52.51 ± 8.54 μg/mL in hot water extract, respectively. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents had significant correlation with the free radical scavenging ability and electron donating ability. On the other hand, there was confirmed significant correlation of free radical and antioxidant activities.

Abstract This study was conducted to compare the correlations between free radical antioxidant activity and anti-wrinkling activity. Areca nut was extracted using various concentrations of ethanol (0, 40, 80, and 100%) and methanol (0, 40, 80, and 100%) at 100 °C for 90 min. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Areca nut were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SRSA), and anti-wrinkling activity (collagenase inhibition and elastase inhibition). In addition, the antioxidant activities were correlated with collagenase inhibition. The antioxidant activities of the extracts exhibited little correlation (R=0.008-0.0760) with TPC, TFC, and TAC; however, significant correlation (R=0.825-0.891) was shown with collagenase inhibition. The 40% and 80% EtOH extracts showed the highest levels of antioxidant activities, and also had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents. The antioxidant activities of the 80% EtOH extracts was greater than that of other extracts. These results indicate that the collagenase inhibition effects of Areca nut extracts may be due to free radical antioxidant activities, and the optimal extraction condition was 80% EtOH.

Abstract Sanguisorba officinalis L., the dried roots of which are referred to as cucumber herb is a perennial herb belonging to the family Rosaceae. This study was showed the correlation between the antioxidant activity and its anti-wrinkle effects of ethanol extraction concentration of S. officinalis L. The extraction yield of the S. officinalis extracts was all 10% or more, which was judged to be economical. 80% ethanol extracts was the highest in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and the best total antioxidant activity. The correlation between total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity was 0.830 and 0.872, respectively, with a significant correlation was confirmed. In addition, in 80% ethanol extracts, superoxide anion and NO radical scavenging activities were the most effective. These results validated that the optimum extraction concentration for S. officinalis was 80% ethanol.