ABSTRACT To solve the poor fitting degree of errors in multiobjective parameter optimization and low accuracy, a multiobjective optimization method based on a BP neural network was proposed. By taking the 1ZT-210 type whole-straw returning device as the research object, a BP neural network model on power consumption, straw returning rate and the influencing factors was obtained. By optimizing the model by the proposed method, the optimal parameter combination of the test factors was as follows: the advancing speed of the device was 0.65 km/h, the blade roll rotating speed was 210 rpm, the blade installation angle was 55o, the minimum power consumption was 9.82 kW and the maximum straw returning rate was 93.23%. Under such test conditions, the minimum power consumption was 10.75 kW, and the straw returning rate was 92.46%, which were all better than those obtained by the regression analysis method. Finally, a verification test was conducted on the results of BP neural network optimization. The power consumption of the test was 10.04 kW, the absolute error was 0.22 kW and the relative error was 2.24%. For a straw returning rate of 93.11%, the absolute error was -0.12% and the relative error was 0.13%. The test results indicated that the optimization method was feasible.

Abstract Hordeum californicum (H. californicum, 2n=2X=14, HcHc), one of the wild relatives of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), harbors many desirable genes and is a potential genetic resource for wheat improvement. In this study, an elite line ND646 was selected from a BC4F5 population, which was developed using 60Co-γ irradiated wheat-H. californicum disomic addition line WJ28-1 (DA6Hc) as the donor parent and Ningchun 4 as the recurrent parent. ND646 was identified as a novel wheat-H. californicum 6HcS/6BL translocation line using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and H. californicum-specific expressed sequence tag (EST) markers. Further evaluation revealed that ND646 had excellent performance in several traits, such as a higher sedimentation value (SV), higher water absorption rate (WAR), and higher hardness index (HI). More importantly, it had more kernels per spike (KPS), a higher grain yields (GY), and good resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, and 2,4-D butylate (2,4-D). Its excellent phenotypic performance laid the foundation for further investigation of its genetic architecture and makes ND646 a useful germplasm resource for wheat breeding.

ABSTRACT The parameter optimization of the tractor's steering trapezoid mechanism is a traditional optimization problem, and the teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) has a better solving ability for parameter optimization of the tractor's steering trapezoid. However, the teacher stage and student stage of TLBO limit the accuracy and stability and the ability to jump out of the local optimization solution. To obtain an optimal solution with an higher accuracy, an improved adaptive direction strategy teaching-learning-based optimization (IADS-TLBO) was used. This improved the feedback stage based on the adaptive direction strategy teaching-learning-based optimization (ADS-TLBO). The IADS-TLBO was verified by three different testing functions, and the results showed that the improved ideas are valid and feasible. Finally, the IADS-TLBO was used to optimize the steering trapezoid mechanism of JOHN DEERE T600. The optimal parameters obtained were as follows: the bottom angle was 35.4º, and the steering arm length was 154 mm. A verification experiment was conducted in the farm tool laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University (China). The experimental results showed that the average bottom angle was 35.48º, and the relative error between the measured and optimized bottom angles was 0.23%, which is less than 5%. This result showed that the results obtained by IADS-TLBO were reliable.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the associations between the depressive and anxiety levels and allergic rhinitis (AR) in children. Methods: Children less than 15 years old admitted to our hospital from April 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled in this study, including 692 AR children in the patient group and 713 normal individuals in the control group. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was used to detect their depressive and anxiety levels, and the Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire (MCTQ) was used to evaluate their dominant affective temperaments. The comparisons of scale scores between these groups, and the correlation analysis between SCARED scores and MCTQ scores were conducted. Results: The mean SCARED scores of the patient group were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The patient group also had more AR children with the depressive temperament and anxious temperament than the control group (P<0.01). Strong correlations were found between the SCARED scores and MCTQ scores. Conclusion: The AR children had obvious depressive and anxious trends than non-allergic children. Screening the temperaments and detecting the depression and anxiety symptoms were imperative for AR children, especially for those with depression and anxious moods.

Abstract The compressive and tensile behaviors in a Ti nanopillar with a biphasic hexagonal close-packed (HCP) /face-centered cubic (FCC) phase boundary are theoretically researched using classic molecular dynamic simulation. The results indicate that the HCP/FCC interface and free surface of the nanopillar are the sources of dislocation nucleation. The plastic deformation is mainly concentrated in the metastable FCC phase of the biphasic nanopillar. Under compressive loading, a reverse phase transformation of FCC to the HCP phase is induced by the dislocation glide of multiple Shockley partial dislocations 1 2 < 1 ¯ 21 >under compressive loading. However, for tensile loading a large number of Lomer-Cottrell sessile dislocations and stacking fault nets are formed when the partial dislocations react, which leads to an increase in stress. The formation mechanism of a Lomer-Cottrell sessile dislocation is also studied in detail. Shockley partial dislocations are the dominant mode of plastic deformation behaviors in the metastable FCC phase of the biphasic nanopillar.

Andrographolide (ANDRO) has been studied for its immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotection effects. Because brain hypoxia is the most common factor of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury, we studied the role and possible mechanism of ANDRO in this process using hypoxia-injured astrocytes. Mouse cortical astrocytes C8-D1A (astrocyte type I clone from C57/BL6 strains) were subjected to 3 and 21% of O2 for various times (0–12 h) to establish an astrocyte hypoxia injury model in vitro. After hypoxia and ANDRO administration, the changes in cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Expression changes in apoptosis-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins, main factors of JNK pathway, ATG5, and S100B were determined by western blot. Hypoxia remarkably damaged C8-D1A cells evidenced by reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis. Hypoxia also induced autophagy and overproduction of S100B. ANDRO reduced cell apoptosis and promoted cell autophagy and S100B expression. After ANDRO administration, autophagy-related proteins, S-100B, JNK pathway proteins, and ATG5 were all upregulated, while autophagy-related proteins and s100b were downregulated when the jnk pathway was inhibited or ATG5 was knocked down. ANDRO conferred a survival advantage to hypoxia-injured astrocytes by reducing cell apoptosis and promoting autophagy and s100b expression. Furthermore, the promotion of autophagy and s100b expression by ANDRO was via activation of jnk pathway and regulation of ATG5.