Pesquisa | SciELO

We discuss the preparation of Polypyrrole and Polylactic Polyacid (PPy/PLA) based blends and the subsequent investigation of their antibacterial properties. After being molded through injection processing, the blends were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Impedance Spectroscopy (IS), contact angle, thermogravimetry (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of PPy chains and the IS results indicated that the blends prepared with a 50% mass fraction of PPy have a conductive character. While the SEM images reveal the presence of small cracks on the surface of the samples, DMA analyses show that a decrease in their mechanical strength occurs in the 50°C-60°C range, with the blend with a 50% PPy load exhibiting the greater resistance and being able to withstand temperatures of the order of 120°C. The TGA degradation profile varies according to the amount of polypyrrole present in the blends, with those containing 50% PPy being able to retain about 32% of the polypyrrole mass at 600°C. The antibacterial activity tests done with the injected blends reveal that while no inhibition halo was formed for the Escherichia coli bacterium, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus is inhibited in the 50% PPy blend.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2023-0045

Biological behavior of Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) after refrigeration: Logistics for use in Biotherapy
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DALLAVECCHIA, DANIELE L.

; SILVA FILHO, RENATO G. DA

; SILVA, ALEXANDRE S.

; AGUIAR, VALÉRIA M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Supl. 1 elocation e20220578

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The influence of refrigeration on the post-embryonic development of Chrysomya putoria larvae was evaluated, regarding its resistance in the logistics of storage and distribution in biotherapy. Previously sterilized larvae were submitted to four periods of storage under refrigeration (T1=12 h, T2=24 h, T3=48 h and T4=72 h) and control (without sterilization and refrigeration). Newly hatched larvae (0.200 g) were stored between 3 and 9ºC. After refrigeration, 40 neo-larvae (in triplicate) were transferred to 50 g of protein diet and incubated in an acclimatized chamber. There was a significant difference in the larval body mass (T1 and T2) and in the duration of larval, pupal and total development (T3 and T4). The sex ratios found in the four treatments did not differ from what was expected. Normality rates were 100% for all treatments. There was no significant difference between the Control, T1 and T2 treatments for larval, pupal and total viability. There was a significant difference between control (C) and T4 (larval viability), between C, T3 and T4 (pupa) and between C and T4 (total). C. putoria has resistance under refrigeration and storage of up to 56 h, presenting viability above 70% for use in biotherapy.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220578

First molecular description of autochthonous urban cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Galvão, G. R.

; Gonçalves, E. C.

; Moura, L. G. S.

; Virgolino, R. R.

; Neves, A. M. P.

; Aguiar, D. C. F.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e267617

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonosis transmitted by vectors, with dogs being the main domestic reservoirs. Brazil is one of the countries most affected by this disease, and it has been described in humans and dogs in every region in the country. In the northern region leishmaniasis cases in humans have been described in more than 100 municipalities in the State, including the capital, Belém. This study involves two cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis in which the animals developed clinical signs compatible with the disease in urban areas in Belém, the Pará state capital. The diagnosis was confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect SSUr-rDNA and kDNA of Leishmania sp. and Leishmania infantum, respectively. In one of the cases the animal died and in the other the animal underwent treatment with medicines prescribed for dogs. Through this treatment, parasitemia in the second animal has been kept under control and is being monitored through molecular tests. Previously, no canine cases had been notified from urban neighborhoods in the city of Belém, but only on the island of Cotijuba, at a distance of 29 kilometers from the city. Cases of canine and human leishmaniasis have been recorded close to the capital, Belém, which has areas of conserved vegetation and where the presence of disease vectors has been described. Thus, as has been done in several other Brazilian cities, this study uses clinical and laboratory findings to confirm the presence of autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the city of Belém.

Resumo A leishmaniose é uma antropozoonose transmitida por vetores, sendo os cães os principais reservatórios domésticos. O Brasil é um dos países mais acometidos por esta doença, sendo descrita em humanos e cães em todas as regiões do país. Na região norte casos de leishmaniose em humanos foram descritos em mais de 100 municípios do Estado, incluindo a capital, Belém. Este estudo envolve dois casos de leishmaniose visceral canina em que os animais desenvolveram sinais clínicos compatíveis com a doença em áreas urbanas de Belém, capital do estado do Pará. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detectar o SSUr-rDNA e kDNA de Leishmania sp e Leishmania infantum, respectivamente. Em um dos casos o animal veio a óbito e no outro o animal foi submetido a tratamento com medicamentos prescritos para cães. Por meio desse tratamento, a parasitemia no segundo animal foi mantida sob controle e está sendo monitorada por meio de testes moleculares. Anteriormente, nenhum caso canino havia sido notificado em bairros urbanos da cidade de Belém, apenas na ilha de Cotijuba, distante 29 quilômetros da cidade. Casos de leishmaniose canina e humana foram registrados próximo à capital, Belém, que possui áreas de vegetação conservada e onde foi descrita a presença de vetores de doenças. Assim, como tem sido registrado em várias outras cidades brasileiras, este estudo utiliza achados clínicos e laboratoriais para confirmar a presença de casos autóctones de leishmaniose visceral canina na cidade de Belém.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.267617

Scientific diving in Brazil: history, present and perspectives
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Leite, Tatiana S.

; Pinheiro, Igor E.

; Berchez, Flávio

; Bertoncini, Áthila A.

; Cima, Oswaldo M. Del

; Demetrescu, Irene E.

; Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B.

; Kikuchi, Ruy K.P

; Machado, Arthur A.

; Maia-Nogueira, Rodrigo

; Martins, Flavio L.

; Mendes, Liana F.

; Rambelli, Gilson

; Sampaio, Claudio L.S.

; Segal, Barbara

; Aguiar, Aline A.

; Auler, Augusto S.

; Barroco-Neto, José

; Bonaldo, Roberta M.

; Buchmann, Francisco S.

; Calippo, Flavio

; Cesar, Augusto

; Gama, Matheus A.C.

; Ghilardi-Lopes, Natalia

; Leão, Zelinda M.A.N.

; Lessa, Guilherme C.

; Menegola, Carla

; Pinheiro, Hudson T.

; Rocha, Luiz A.

; Sabino, José

; Seoane, José C.S.

; Sestokas, Julia

; Tiago, Cláudio C.

; Wegner, Ewerton

; Lotufo, Tito

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 elocation e23045

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Scientific diving (SD) is defined as any diving activity that applies scientific procedures to produce subsidies for studies and technical works in underwater environments. The first report of an underwater scientific study in Brazil dates to the 19th century, in the Abrolhos reefs. Currently, in Brazil, scientific diving has been performed in various areas, from shallow coastal regions to remote and sometimes hard-to-reach places, such as oceanic islands, flooded caves, and icy areas like Antarctica. However, the regulation of SD in Brazil still lacks more concrete actions towards an effective and efficient self-regulation that offers physical safety to practitioners and institutional safeguards for organizations that use it in their research projects. Thus, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of this critical issue in Brazil and to serve as a reference and incentive for the training of professionals and the development of these activities in the country. It includes: 1) a historical review of SD; 2) a diagnosis of the training and application of SD in Brazil; 3) the evolution of marine sciences in Brazil from the perspective of SD; 4) a review of the use of environmental assessment and underwater conservation techniques in oceans and internal waters; 5) an analysis of the evolution of scientific diver training in Brazil, including a diagnosis on training; 6) the history and updates of the rules, regulations, and safety of SD. Given all the potential of diving combined with specific techniques for research, monitoring, and marine and limnic science in Brazil, we aim to understand the evolution of scientific diving teaching and to outline perspectives in the country, as it is crucial for the training of qualified scientists capable of performing these underwater tasks. Finally, we present future plans for the development of this activity in Brazil from the point of view of research and the labor market.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23036tsl

Commercial characteristics of coffee seedlings produced with different sources of phosphorus and plant growth-promoting bacteria growthpromoting growth promoting
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Ferraro, A. C.

; França, A. C.

; Machado, C. M. M.

; Aguiar, F. R.

; Oliveira, L. L.

; Braga Neto, A. M

; Oliveira, R. G.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e270262

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Considerado o motor econômico de muitos países, a cultura do café representa um importante componente da cadeia agrícola no Brasil. Os crescentes valores de comercialização, das áreas de plantio e da produtividade da cultura requerem aquisição de mudas de qualidade, que devem receber adequado aporte nutricional através do uso eficiente de fertilizantes. Fertilizantes de liberação lenta e controlada, a exemplo dos organominerais, ganham destaque quando se trata de aumento da eficiência no uso do fósforo, assim como as bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCP) com características solubilizadoras de fosfato. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes de fertilizantes mineral e organomineral, inoculados e não inoculados com BPCP, sobre parâmetros de qualidade de mudas de café. De forma geral, as fontes de P utilizadas no experimento interferiram positivamente no desenvolvimento das mudas de café. Isso comprova que existe a necessidade de complementação nutricional para um bom desenvolvimento das mudas. Dentre as fontes utilizadas, o organomineral na forma granulada apresentou melhor desempenho nos parâmetros de crescimento e fisiológicos das mudas de café, mostrando ser uma alternativa viável aos fertilizantes comumente utilizados. A adição de BPCP apresentou vantagem significativa para as variáveis de qualidade das mudas. países Brasil comercialização controlada organominerais fósforo (BPCP fosfato geral utilizados

Abstract Considered the economic engine of many countries, the coffee culture represents an important component of the agricultural chain in Brazil. The growing values of commercialization, planting areas, and crop productivity require the acquisition of quality seedlings, which must receive adequate nutritional support through efficient fertilizers. Slow and controlled-release fertilizers, such as organominerals, gain prominence when it comes to increasing efficiency in the use of phosphorus, as well as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) with phosphate solubilizing characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different sources of mineral and organomineral fertilizers, inoculated and non-inoculated with PGPB on the quality parameters of coffee seedlings. In general, the P sources used in the experiment positively interfered with the development of coffee seedlings. This proves that there is a need for nutritional supplementation for the good development of the seedlings. Among the sources used, the organomineral in granulated form showed better performance in coffee seedlings' growth and physiological parameters, proving to be a viable alternative to commonly used fertilizers. The addition of PGPB showed a significant advantage for seedling quality variables. countries Brazil commercialization areas seedlings fertilizers controlledrelease controlled release organominerals phosphorus growthpromoting promoting (PGPB characteristics noninoculated non general variables

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.270262

Synopsis of the Piper subgenus Ottonia Spreng. (Piperaceae) from Brazil
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Carvalho-Silva, Micheline

; Câmara, Paulo Eduardo Aguiar Saraiva

; Guimarães, Elsie Franklin

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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2022, Volume 36 elocation e20210360

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Piper is a large genus in the Piperaceae family, with the subgenus Ottonia having about 30 species distributed in the Neotropics, most of which occur in Brazil (26 species). Ottonia is characterized by the flower densely papillate, pedicellate or sessile, with four stigmas, four stamens and 4-ribbed fruits with persistent stigmas. The recent global studies of Piper propose that all the species of Ottonia should be considered a subgenus of Piper. Beacause Brazil doesn’t have a revisionary study with the subgenus or with Piper, most of the names of the Piper subgenus Ottonia, about 100 names, need to be re-evaluated. We presented 26 species of Piper subgenus Ottonia, which one three are new species from Brazil Piper brumadinense M. Carv.-Silva & E.F. Guim., Piper cariacicaense M. Carv.-Silva & E.F. Guim., and Piper moringanum E.F. Guim. & M. Carv.-Silva. A synopsis of the Piper L. subgenus Ottonia Spreng. (Piperaceae) is presented, including diagnostics aspects and comments on species, descriptions of the new species, synonyms, lectotypes, and a key to the species and illustrations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-941x-abb-2021-0360

Forced Degradation Study and Development of a Stability-Indicating Method for Amoxicillin Capsules According to ANVISA Guidelines
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Gallo, Margareth B. C

; Nascimento, Diogo D. do

; Nunes, Nelson M

; Sousa, Flávia F. M. de

; Boniatti, Janine

; Aguiar, José L. N. de

; Medeiros, Juliana J. S

; Esteves, Alessandra L

; Guerra, Graça M. S

; Ferreira, Luiz E. M

; Regis, Lucas G. I

; Seiceira, Rafael C

; Moncorvo, Fabiana M. S. U

; Chaves, Marcelo H. C

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Dez 2021, Volume 32 Nº 12 Páginas 2195 - 2205

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This study aimed to develop a reliable stability-indicating method (SIM) for amoxicillin 500 mg capsules (DP-drug product). A literature review addressing amoxicillin (AMX; DS-drug substance) forced degradation studies and the existing SIMs was conducted to verify the most significant outcomes. Subsequently, the forced degradation of DP and DS was carried out following the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) guidelines, including thermal degradation (dry and wet heat), acidic and alkaline hydrolyses, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, reaction with copper, and photodegradation. Both DS and DP were more susceptible to 0.015 M NaOH, resulting in approximately 50% degradation. AMX DS and DP were not significantly photodegraded, but some degradation products (PDegs) showed susceptibility to light exposure. Thermodegraded samples showing ≥ 10% degradation exhibited modified profiles in thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRPD) of DS samples exposed to dry and wet heat displayed complete amorphization of AMX, attesting to the occurrence of physical degradation concomitantly with chemical degradation, which can alter the drug’s bioavailability. In contrast, the thermodegraded DP samples exhibited intact AMX crystals interspersed with the amorphous form, perhaps partly protected by the excipient. The validated SIM was able to detect and quantify about 80 PDegs.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210111

Biodiversidad de ecotipos y rangos de agresividad de Moniliophthora perniciosa, en Theobroma cacao L. nacional del Litoral Ecuatoriano
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Auhing Arcos, Javier Andrés

; Cedeño Moreira, Ángel Virgilio

; Saucedo Aguiar, Silvia

; Vera Benites, Luis Fernando

; Macías Holguín, Cristhian John

; Martínez, Hayron Fabricio Canchignia

Scientia Agropecuaria

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Out 2021, Volume 12 Nº 4 Páginas 599 - 609

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The objective of the work was focused on studying the biodiversity of ecotypes and aggressiveness ranges of Moniliophthora perniciosa, in Theobroma cacao. Plant material with the presence of the pathogen from 12 plantations of T. cacao L Nacional was sampled, analyzing its morphological characteristics, identification by PCR and the aggressiveness of the disease in national cacao EET-19. The basidiocarps differ in size and basidiospore production considering the strain MpLRBF-105 with the largest diameter of basidiocarp and basidiospore discharge. The basidiocarps differ in size and basidiospore production considering the strain MpLRBF-105 with the largest diameter of basidiocarp and basidiospore discharge. The content of lamelulas would be adding the increase of basidiospores in the strains (MpLRBF105 and MpBOLN107), with the largest dimensions between lengths of (11.58 to 12.01 µm) and width (6.23 and 5.95 µm) in the strains (MpLRBA-101, MpLRVE-102, MpLRMO-103, MpGUBA-104, MpLRBF-105 and MpBOLN-107). The genetic characterization of the ITS region of M. perniciosa showed genetic variability with the formation of three Sub-groups, this corresponds to their different agroecological zones of the Ecuadorian Coast. The highest degree of aggressiveness due to M. perniciosa infection gave rise to cotyledonal brooms with (4 to 11 axillary brooms) for the MpLRBF-105, MpGUBA-104, MpLRMO-103, and MpLRVE-102 strains. With 68% inhibition in fresh root weight, strain MpGUBA-104 (Balao). Consequently, the climatic conditions and the pressure to increase commercial plantations of T. cacao CCN-51, are generating changes in the ecology of M. pernciosa.

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo se enfocó en estudiar la biodiversidad de ecotipos y rangos de agresividad de Moniliophthora perniciosa, en Theobroma cacao. Se muestreo material vegetal con presencia del patógeno de 12 plantaciones de T. cacao L Nacional, analizando sus características morfológicas, identificación por PCR y la agresividad de la enfermedad en cacao nacional EET-19. Los basidiocarpos difieren en dimensiones y producción basidiosporas considerando la cepa MpLRBF-105 de mayor Ø de basidiocarpo y descarga de basidiosporas. El contenido de lamélulas estaría adicionando el incremento de basidiosporas en las cepas (MpLRBF105 y MpBOLN107), con dimensiones entre longitudes de (11,58 a 12,01 µm) y ancho (6,23 y 5,95 µm) en las cepas (MpLRBA-101, MpLRVE-102, MpLRMO-103, MpGUBA-104, MpLRBF-105 y MpBOLN-107). La caracterización genética a la región ITS de M. perniciosa mostró variabilidad genética con la formación de tres Sub-grupos, esto corresponde a sus distintas zonas agroecológicas del Litoral Ecuatoriano. El mayor grado de agresividad por infección de M. perniciosa dieron origen formación de escobas cotiledonales con (4 a 11 escobas axilares) por las cepas MpLRBF-105, MpGUBA-104, MpLRMO-103, MpLRVE-102. Con el 68% de inhibición en peso fresco radicular cepa MpGUBA-104 (Balao). Por consiguiente, las condiciones climáticas y la presión al incremento de plantaciones comerciales de T. cacao CCN-51, están generando cambios en la ecología de M. pernciosa.

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.064

USE OF BENCHES WITH REFLECTIVE MATERIAL TO FAVOR PRODUCTION OF RUBBER TREE ROOTSTOCK SEEDLINGS
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Costa, Edilson

; Silva, Bruna L. B. da

; Aguiar, Franciele K. O. M.

; Pereira, Talita C. C.

; Binotti, Flávio F. da S.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Ago 2021, Volume 41 Nº 4 Páginas 409 - 417

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Success in production of any perennial tree depends on the use of high-quality seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate cultivation benches with reflective material and protected environments for production of rubber tree rootstock seedlings. The experiments were conducted in two types of protected environments: 35% shading aluminized screen and 30% shading black screen. Cultivation benches with and without reflective material were tested inside the protected environments. A completely randomized design with 7 replications and 5 seedlings per plot was adopted for each environment, and the environments were compared by joint analysis. Solar radiation (global and photosynthetically active) was the most influencing micrometeorological factor on plant environment and plant growth differentiation. Regardless of the environment, the use of reflective material in cultivation bench had a positive effect on production of rubber rootstock seedling (clone GT1), providing seedlings with a robust root system and better quality. The use of reflective material also improved rubber tree rootstock seedlings (clone GT1) grown in the black screen environment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v41n4p409-417/2021 76 downloads

10.

Medicinal plant essential oils associated with biofilm to protect papaya fruits
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OSORIO, Pedro Raymundo Argüelles

; COSTA, Priscila Fonseca

; DALCIN, Mateus Sunti

; MOURÃO, Dalmarcia de Souza Carlos

; AGUIAR, Raimundo Wagner de Souza

; OLIVEIRA, Gabriella Rayssa Antunes da Silva

; FARIAS, David Ingsson Oliveira Andrade de

; DIAS, Felipe Rocha

; SANTOS, Gil Rodrigues dos

Food Science and Technology

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Jun 2021, Volume 41 Páginas 386 - 392

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The objective of this work was to associate the use of biofilms to Lippia sidoides (Lippia) and Morinda citrifolia (Noni) essential oils and their respective major constituents in post-harvest quality components. The evaluations in this study were chromatographic analysis the essential oils, fruit mass reduction effect, total soluble solids, peel color and fruit firmness. Regarding the adjustment and viability of the essential oil concentrations to be used in the treatments, a phytotoxicity test was performed. The main constituent found in Noni essential oil was octanoic acid, while for Lippia essential oil was thymol. The concentration of 3% of Noni and Lippia essential oils was the maximum to reach an acceptable level of phytotoxicity on papaya fruit peel. The paraffin + L. sidoides and paraffin + M. citrifolia treatments achieved the lowest reduction in pulp mass. In relation to total soluble solids, treatments did not show a significant difference. The best result for firmness was found in sunflower oil + noni coating. Sunflower oil + noni and sunflower oil + octanoic acid were the treatments that maintained normal yellow color in fruits for longer time.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.16620 526 downloads

11.

YOU SAY GOODBYE, AND I SAY HELLO: THE GIANT ANTEATER (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) ACTIVITY PATTERN IN RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE AND HUMAN PRESENCE
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Petrazzini, P. B

; Aguiar, L. M. S

Mastozoología neotropical

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Mar 2021, Volume 28 Nº 1 Páginas 469 - 469

Resumo: Pt Es | Texto: Pt Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es

Resumo Os mamíferos modulam os padrões de atividade e uso de habitat em resposta aos fatores bióticos e abióticos locais. O tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), é uma espécie de atividade catemeral, ou seja, se ajusta às condições de temperatura diária em área protegida no Brasil Central. Testamos a hipótese do tamanduá-bandeira evitando as temperaturas extremas do Cerrado brasileiro com maior atividade crepuscular (horas mais amenas). Testamos também se o tamanduá evita estar ativo durante o dia, reduzindo encontros com humanos. A área protegida está inserida em uma paisagem altamente perturbada, sofrendo pressões antrópicas dentro e em seu entorno. A descrição do padrão de atividade do tamanduá-bandeira na área de proteção foi realizada por meio da análise de fotos obtidas por armadilhas fotográficas, no período de março a junho de 2018. Durante o período de estudo, a temperatura média foi de 19.3 °C, variando de 6.7 °C a 31.5 °C. O tamanduá-bandeira mostrou padrão de atividade noturna e crepuscular, enquanto humanos mostraram atividade exclusivamente diurna. A dissimilaridade observada entre o padrão de atividade do tamanduá-bandeira com a atividade humana apoia a hipótese da existência de influência do risco de predação na atividade temporal dessa espécie. Registramos diversas invasões de humanos e cães em áreas restritas durante o dia. Esses resultados mostram a influência de fatores antrópicos no comportamento do tamanduá na área de estudo. Esse padrão pode, no entanto, ser favorável à conservação da população ao reduzir a probabilidade de encontros agonísticos com humanos e cães. Recomendamos estudos de longo prazo e avaliação da sobreposição temporal com cães para melhor compreensão dos padrões observados.

Abstract Mammals modulate patterns of activity and habitat use in response to local biotic and abiotic factors. The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) presents cathemeral activity. That is, it adjusts to the daily temperature conditions in a protected area in Central Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that giant anteater may be avoiding the extreme temperatures of the Brazilian Cerrado displaying more significant twilight activity (milder hours), avoiding being exposed during unfavorable hours of the day, and losing or overheating. We also tested whether the anteaters avoid being active during the day, reducing encounters with humans. The protected area is inserted in a highly disturbed landscape, experiencing anthropic pressure within and around it. The description of the giant anteater’s activity pattern in the protection area was carried out by analyzing photos obtained by camera traps from March to June 2018. The average temperature was 19.3 °C during the study period, ranging from 6.7 °C to 31.5 °C. The giant anteater showed a pattern of nocturnal and twilight activity, while humans showed exclusively daytime activity. The dissimilarity observed between the giant anteater’s activity pattern and human activity supports the hypothesis that there is an influence of the risk of predation on the temporal activity of this species. We recorded several invasions of humans and dogs in restricted areas during the day. These results show the influence of anthropogenic factors on the anteater’s behavior in the study area. However, this pattern can be favorable to the conservation of the population by reducing the likelihood of agonistic encounters with humans and dogs. We recommend long-term studies and evaluation of temporal overlap with dogs to better understand the patterns observed.

12.

The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation
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ROSA, CLARISSA

; BACCARO, FABRICIO

; CRONEMBERGER, CECILIA

; HIPÓLITO, JULIANA

; BARROS, CLAUDIA FRANCA

; RODRIGUES, DOMINGOS DE JESUS

; NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, SELVINO

; OVERBECK, GERHARD E.

; DRECHSLER-SANTOS, ELISANDRO RICARDO

; ANJOS, MARCELO RODRIGUES DOS

; FERREGUETTI, ÁTILLA C.

; AKAMA, ALBERTO

; MARTINS, MARLÚCIA BONIFÁCIO

; TOMAS, WALFRIDO MORAES

; SANTOS, SANDRA APARECIDA

; FERREIRA, VANDA LÚCIA

; CUNHA, CATIA NUNES DA

; PENHA, JERRY

; PINHO, JOÃO BATISTA DE

; SALIS, SUZANA MARIA

; DORIA, CAROLINA RODRIGUES DA COSTA

; PILLAR, VALÉRIO D.

; PODGAISKI, LUCIANA R.

; MENIN, MARCELO

; BÍGIO, NARCÍSIO COSTA

; ARAGÓN, SUSAN

; MANZATTO, ANGELO GILBERTO

; VÉLEZ-MARTIN, EDUARDO

; SILVA, ANA CAROLINA BORGES LINS E

; IZZO, THIAGO JUNQUEIRA

; MORTATI, AMANDA FREDERICO

; GIACOMIN, LEANDRO LACERDA

; ALMEIDA, THAÍS ELIAS

; ANDRÉ, THIAGO

; SILVEIRA, MARIA AUREA PINHEIRO DE ALMEIDA

; SILVEIRA, ANTÔNIO LAFFAYETE PIRES DA

; MESSIAS, MARILUCE REZENDE

; MARQUES, MARCIA C.M.

; PADIAL, ANDRE ANDRIAN

; MARQUES, RENATO

; BITAR, YOUSZEF O.C.

; SILVEIRA, MARCOS

; MORATO, ELDER FERREIRA

; PAGOTTO, RUBIANI DE CÁSSIA

; STRUSSMANN, CHRISTINE

; MACHADO, RICARDO BOMFIM

; AGUIAR, LUDMILLA MOURA DE SOUZA

; FERNANDES, GERALDO WILSON

; OKI, YUMI

; NOVAIS, SAMUEL

; FERREIRA, GUILHERME BRAGA

; BARBOSA, FLÁVIA RODRIGUES

; OCHOA, ANA C.

; MANGIONE, ANTONIO M.

; GATICA, AILIN

; CARRIZO, MARÍA CELINA

; RETTA, LUCÍA MARTINEZ

; JOFRÉ, LAURA E.

; CASTILLO, LUCIANA L.

; NEME, ANDREA M.

; RUEDA, CARLA

; TOLEDO, JOSÉ JULIO DE

; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO VIVEIROS

; VALE, MARIANA M.

; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINICIUS

; CERQUEIRA, RUI

; HIGASHIKAWA, EMÍLIO MANABU

; MENDONÇA, FERNANDO PEREIRA DE

; GUERREIRO, QUÊZIA LEANDRO DE MOURA

; BANHOS, AUREO

; HERO, JEAN-MARC

; KOBLITZ, RODRIGO

; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE GARCIA

; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO

; VASCONCELOS, HERALDO L.

; VIEIRA, CECÍLIA RODRIGUES

; COLLI, GUARINO RINALDI

; CECHIN, SONIA ZANINI

; SANTOS, TIAGO GOMES DOS

; FONTANA, CARLA S.

; JARENKOW, JOÃO A.

; MALABARBA, LUIZ R.

; RUEDA, MARTA P.

; ARAUJO, PUBLIO A.

; PALOMO, LUCAS

; ITURRE, MARTA C.

; BERGALLO, HELENA GODOY

; MAGNUSSON, WILLIAM E.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 Nº 2 elocation e20201604

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201604 1034 downloads

13.

Human-SARS-CoV-2 interactome and human genetic diversity: TMPRSS2-rs2070788, associated with severe influenza, and its population genetics caveats in Native Americans
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Kehdy, Fernanda S.G.

; Pita-Oliveira, Murilo

; Scudeler, Mariana M.

; Torres-Loureiro, Sabrina

; Zolini, Camila

; Moreira, Rennan

; Michelin, Lucas A.

; Alvim, Isabela

; Silva-Carvalho, Carolina

; Furlan, Vinicius C.

; Aquino, Marla M.

; Santolalla, Meddly L.

; Borda, Victor

; Soares-Souza, Giordano B.

; Jaramillo-Valverde, Luis

; Vasquez-Dominguez, Andres

; Neira, Cesar Sanchez

; Aguiar, Renato S.

; Verdugo, Ricardo A.

; O`Connor, Timothy D.

; Guio, Heinner

; Tarazona-Santos, Eduardo

; Leal, Thiago P.

; Rodrigues-Soares, Fernanda

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2021, Volume 44 Nº 1 elocation e20200484

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract For human/SARS-CoV-2 interactome genes ACE2, TMPRSS2 and BSG, there is a convincing evidence of association in Asians with influenza-induced SARS for TMPRSS2-rs2070788, tag-SNP of the eQTL rs383510. This case illustrates the importance of population genetics and of sequencing data in the design of genetic association studies in different human populations: the high linkage disequilibrium (LD) between rs2070788 and rs383510 is Asian-specific. Leveraging on a combination of genotyping and sequencing data for Native Americans (neglected in genetic studies), we show that while their frequencies of the Asian tag-SNP rs2070788 is, surprisingly, the highest worldwide, it is not in LD with the eQTL rs383510, that therefore, should be directly genotyped in genetic association studies of SARS in populations with Native American ancestry.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0484 193 downloads

14.

Phoretic mites (Rhinoseius spp.) in Apodiformes from Cerrado and Pantanal Biomes in midwestern Brazil
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Ramos, D. G. S.

; Mascarenhas, C. S.

; Braga, Í. A.

; Melo, A. L. T.

; Oliveira, P. G.

; Saturnino, K. C.

; Sinkoc, A. L.

; Aguiar, D. M.

; Pacheco, R. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Dez 2020, Volume 80 Nº 4 Páginas 798 - 802

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Os ácaros nasais são comumente encontrados em beija-flores (Apodiformes). Na maioria dos casos, os ácaros foram relatados como endoparasitas, parasitando o sistema respiratório, particularmente as câmaras nasais anteriores, a laringe, a traqueia, os pulmões e os sacos aéreos e conjuntivais. No entanto, alguns ácaros são transportados apenas por beija-flores, pois flores servem como fonte de nutrientes para esses pequenos ácaros, assim como para Apodiformes tropicais alimentados de néctar em seu habitat natural. De agosto de 2012 a maio de 2014, beija-flores foram capturadas com redes de neblina e examinadas quanto à presença de ácaros nasais (identificados de acordo com chaves específicas) nos biomas Pantanal e Cerrado, no estado do Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. No total, 76 exemplares Apodiformes da família Trochilidae foram capturados e 20 fêmeas de ácaros nasais, identificados como pertencentes ao gênero Rhinoseius, foram coletados de oito hospedeiros (10,5%), das seguintes espécies: Amazilia fimbriata, Amazilia versicolor, Eupetonema macroura e Thalurania furcata. Rhinoseius spp. foi relatado em muitos ecossistemas nas Américas, incluindo o Brasil, no entanto, este é o primeiro relato em Apodiformes do bioma Pantanal. Os ácaros foréticos não são responsáveis por danos diretos à população de Apodiformes, pois não são patogênicos. No entanto, eles competem por comida com beija-flores e diminuem a quantidade de comida disponível no ambiente. Eles também afetam a dinâmica reprodutiva das plantas, se alimentam de pólen e interferem nas interações da biodiversidade em que vivem.

Abstract Nasal mites are commonly found in hummingbirds (Apodiformes). In most cases, endoparasitic mites were reported to parasitize the respiratory system, particularly the anterior nasal chambers, larynx, trachea, lungs, and the air and conjunctival sacs. However, some mites are only carried by hummingbirds, because flowers serving as a nutrient source for these small mites, such as for Apodiformes, a tropical nectar-feeding in their natural habitat. From August 2012 to May 2014, humminbirds were captured using mist nets, and examined for the presence of nasal mites (identified according to specific keys) in the Pantanal, and Cerrado biomes, from the Mato Grosso state, midwestern Brazil. Overall, 76 Apodiform specimens, from the Trochilidae family were captured, and 20 female nasal mites, identified as being from the Rhinoseius genus, were collected from eight hosts (10.5%), of the following species: Amazilia fimbriata, Amazilia versicolor, Eupetonema macroura, and Thalurania furcata. The Rhinoseius spp. has been reported on, in many ecosystems in the Americas, including Brazil, however, this is the first report on Apodiformes from the Pantanal biome. Phoretic mites are not responsible for direct damage to the population of Apodiformes, as they are not pathogenic. However, they compete for food with hummingbirds and decrease the quantity of food available in the environment. They also affect the reproductive dynamics of plants, feed on pollen, and interfere with the intricacies of the biodiversity where they live.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.220812 439 downloads

15.

Natural parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs on tomato (Solanales: Solanaceae) in the Northeast region, Brazil
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Oliveira, R. C. M.

; Pastori, P. L.

; Coutinho, C. R.

; Juvenal, S. O.

; Aguiar, C. V. S.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Jun 2020, Volume 80 Nº 2 Páginas 474 - 475

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.206676 361 downloads

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