Pesquisa | SciELO

ABSTRACT Background This multicenter multinational RCT designed to compare the efficacy of suppository indomethacin and NAC for prevention of PEP. Methods: During a 6-month period, all of the ERCP cases in seven referral centers were randomly assigned to receive either 1200 mg oral NAC, indomethacin suppository 100 mg, 1200 mg oral NAC plus indomethacin suppository 100 mg or placebo 2 hours before ERCP. The primary outcomes were the rate and severity of any PEP. Results: A total of 432 patients included (41.4% male). They were originally citizens of 6 countries (60.87% Caucasian). They were randomly allocated to receive either NAC (group A, 84 cases), rectal indomethacin (group B, 138 cases), NAC + rectal indomethacin (group C, 115 cases) or placebo (group D, 95 cases). The rate of PEP in groups A, B and C in comparison with placebo were 10.7%, 17.4%, 7.8% vs 20% (P=0.08, 0.614 & 0.01 respectively). The NNT for NAC, indomethacin and NAC + indomethacin was 11, 38 and 8 respectively. Conclusion: Oral NAC is more effective than rectal indomethacin when compared to placebo for prevention of PEP and the combination of NAC and Indomethacin had the lowest incidence of PEP and may have synergistic effect in preventing of PEP (IRCT20201222049798N1; 29/12/2020).

RESUMO Contexto: Este estudo randomizado, controlado multicêntrico e multinacional foi projetado para comparar a eficácia da indometacina supositório e N-acetil cisteína (NAC) para prevenção de pancreatite pós colangiografia endoscópica. Métodos: Durante um período de 6 meses, todos os pacientes submetidos à CPRE em sete centros de referência foram aleatoriamente atribuídos para receber 1200 mg de NAC oral, supositório de indometacina 100 mg, 1200 mg de NAC oral mais supositório de indometacina 100 mg ou placebo 2 horas antes do procedimento. Os resultados primários foram a taxa e a gravidade de qualquer pancreatite pós procedimento (PPP). Resultados: Um total de 432 pacientes foram incluídos (41,4% do sexo masculino). Eram originalmente cidadãos de seis países (60,87% caucasianos). Foram alocados aleatoriamente para receber NAC (grupo A, 84 casos), indometacina retal (grupo B, 138 casos), NAC + indometacina retal (grupo C, 115 casos) ou placebo (grupo D, 95 casos). A taxa de PPP nos grupos A, B e C em comparação com o placebo foi de 10,7%, 17,4%, 7,8% vs 20% (P=0,08, 0,614 e 0,01, respectivamente). Conclusão A NAC oral é mais eficaz do que a indometacina retal quando comparado ao placebo para prevenção de PPP e a combinação de NAC e indometacina teve a menor incidência de PPP e pode ter efeito sinérgico na sua prevenção de PPP. (IRCT20201222049798N1; 29/12/2020).

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202204000-90

Chemical profile, anti 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxegenase inhibitory effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome, callus and callus treated with elicitors
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Ali, Ammar Mohammed Ahmed

; El-Nour, Mawahib ElAmin Mohamed

; Al-Atar, Abdulrahman Abdullah

; Mohammad, Owais

; El-Sheikh, Mohamed Abdel-Raouf

; Qahtan, Ahmed Ali

; Abdel-Salam, Eslam Mohamed

; Yagi, Sakina Mohamed

Ciência Rural

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2022, Volume 52 Nº 10 elocation e20210372

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os perfis químicos e avaliar o efeito inibitório da atividade da 5-Lipoxigenase (5-Lox) em extratos de rizoma, calo e calo de gengibre tratados com os eliciadores; extrato de levedura (100, 300 e 500 mg / L), glicina (100, 200 e 300 mg / L) e ácido salicílico (100 e 200 mg / L). Extratos de óleos e clorofórmio: metanol (CM) foram preparados por maceração em éter e CM (1: 1, v / v), respectivamente. Os perfis químicos foram determinados por análise de cromatografia gasosa / espectrometria de massa (GC / MS). O óleo do calo registrou maior efeito inibitório de 5-Lox (IC50 58,33 ± 4,66 μg / mL) do que o óleo de rizoma (IC50168,34 ± 15,64 μg / mL) e comparável ao do controle positivo; Ácido nordi-hidroguaiarético (IC50 61,25 ± 1,02 μg / mL). O perfil químico do óleo de calo continha grandes quantidades de ácidos graxos, principalmente o ácido graxo insaturado ácido oleico (31,11%) e ácido graxo saturado palmítico (28,56%). Os elicitores modificaram o perfil químico do calo e melhoraram a atividade anti-5-Lox do extrato de CM do calo. Extratos de CM de calos tratados com 100 e 300 mg / L de extrato de levedura e 50 mg / L de ácido salicílico suprimiram significativamente (P ≤ 0,05) a atividade de 5-Lox em 33,16%, 25,46% e 16%, respectivamente, em comparação com o extrato de CM de calo não tratado. Em conclusão, o calo de gengibre pode ser considerado um suplemento dietético valioso no tratamento de vários distúrbios inflamatórios.

ABSTRACT: The present study investigated the chemical profiles and evaluated the inhibitory effect against 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) activity for extracts of ginger rhizome, callus, and callus treated with the elicitors; yeast extract (100, 300 and 500 mg/L), glycine (100, 200 and 300 mg/L) and salicylic acid (100 and 200 mg/L). Oils and chloroform: methanol (CM) extracts were prepared by maceration in petroleum ether and CM (1:1, v/v), respectively. Chemical profiles were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Oil of the callus recorded higher 5-Lox inhibitory effect (IC50 58.33±4.66 μg/mL) than the oil of rhizome (IC50168.34±15.64 μg/mL) and comparable to that of the positive control; Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (IC50 61.25±1.02 μg/mL). The chemical profile of the callus oil contained large amounts of fatty acids, mainly the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (31.11%) and saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (28.56%). Elicitors modified the chemical profile of the callus and ameliorated the anti-5-Lox activity of CM extract of the callus. CM extracts of callus treated with 100 and 300 mg/L yeast extract and 50 mg/L salicylic acid significantly suppressed (P ≤ 0.05) the 5-Lox activity by 33.16%, 25.46% and 16%, respectively as compared to the CM extract of untreated callus. In conclusion, ginger callus could be considered as a valuable dietary supplement in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210372

ORAL N-ACETYL CYSTEINE VERSUS RECTAL INDOMETHACIN FOR PREVENTION OF POST ERCP PANCREATITIS: A MULTICENTER MULTINATIONAL RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
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ALAVINEJAD, Pezhman

; TRAN, Nguyen-Phuong Nhu

; ESLAMI, Omid

; SHAARAWY, Omar El

; HORMATI, Ahmad

; SEIEDIAN, Seied Saeed

; PARSI, Abazar

; AHMED, Mohammed Hussien

; BEHL, Nitin Shanker

; ABRAVESH, Ali Akbar

; TRAN, Quang Trung

; VIGNESH, Shivakumar

; SALMAN, Saif

; SAKR, Naemt

; ARA, Tahmineh Farbod

; HAJIANI, Eskandar

; HASHEMI, Seyed Jalal

; PATAI, Árpád V

; BUTT, Amna Subhan

; LEE, Sang Hyub

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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2022, Nº ahead

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202204000-90

Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat’s bone marrow cells’ lysate
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Malik, S.

; Awan, S. J.

; Farzand, A.

; Ali, Q.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e269553

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have been used for treating inflammatory disorders. Due to the large size of BMSCs compared to nanoparticles, BMSCs cannot be loaded into the nanoparticles. It is hypothesized that BMSCs lysate loading into the nanocarriers will effectively deliver cellular contents and regulatory elements of BMSCs at the injury site. This study aimed to investigate nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) loading with BMSCs lysate through basic characterization and morphological analysis. Moreover, this study was mainly designed to investigate the role of NLC loaded BMSCs lysate in reducing inflammation via in-vitro and in-vivoassays. The in-vitro study involves cell viability assays, p53, annexin V and VEGF expression through ELISA and immunocytochemistry, real-time BAX, caspase-3, IL-6, IL-8, TOP2A, PCNA, and Ki-67 gene expression analysis. Additionally, to evaluate in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity, the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model was used. In-vitro results showed that NLC loaded BMSCs lysate increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis and pro-inflammatory genes expression and up-regulated angiogenesis and proliferation in H2O2 pre-stimulated cells. Findings of the in-vivo assay also indicated a reduction in rat's paw oedema volume in NLC-loaded BMSCs lysate, and downregulation of BAX, Caspase-3, IL-6, and IL-8 was observed. Enhanced expressions of TOP2A, PCNA, and Ki-67 were obtained. Concluding the results of this study, NLC-loaded BMSCs lysate could reduce inflammation and possibly regenerate damaged tissue mainly via increasing cell viability, angiogenesis and proliferation, and reducing apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Resumo Células estromais mesenquimais derivadas da medula óssea (BMSCs) têm sido utilizadas para o tratamento de distúrbios inflamatórios. Devido ao grande tamanho das BMSCs em comparação com as nanopartículas, as BMSCs não podem ser carregadas nas nanopartículas. Supõe-se que o carregamento de lisado de BMSCs no nanocarriers será eficaz na entrega de conteúdos celulares e elementos reguladores de BMSCs no local da lesão. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a carga de carreador lipídico nanoestruturado (NLC) com lisado de BMSCs através de caracterização básica e análise morfológica. Além disso, este trabalho foi projetado, principalmente, para investigar o papel do lisado de BMSCs carregado com NLC na redução da inflamação por meio de ensaios anti-inflamatórios in vitro e in vivo. O estudo in vitro envolve ensaios de viabilidade celular, expressão de p53, anexina V e VEGF por ELISA e imunocitoquímica e expressão gênica em tempo real de BAX, caspase-3, IL-6, IL-8, TOP2A, PCNA e Ki-67 . Além disso, para avaliar a atividade anti-inflamatória in vivo,o modelo de edema de pata de rato induzido por carragenina foi utilizado. Os resultados in vitro mostraram que o lisado de BMSCs carregadas com NLC aumentou a viabilidade celular, diminuiu a apoptose e a expressão de genes pró-inflamatórios e aumentou a angiogênese e proliferação em células pré-estimuladas com H2O2. Os achados do ensaio in vivo também indicaram uma redução no volume do edema da pata de rato no lisado de BMSCs carregado com NLC, entretando, foi observada a regulação negativa de BAX, Caspase-3, IL-6 e IL-8. Expressões aumentadas de TOP2A, PCNA e Ki-67 foram obtidas. Assim, concluindo os resultados do estudo, é possível afirmar que o lisado de BMSCs carregado com NLC pode reduzir a inflamação e possivelmente regenerar o tecido danificado principalmente por meio do aumento da viabilidade celular, angiogênese e proliferação e redução da apoptose e citocinas pró-inflamatórias.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.269553

Histo-Morphological Comparison of the Tongue between Grainivorous and Insectivorous Birds
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Abdel-Megeid, Nazema S

; Ali, Safwat

; Abdo, Mohamed

; Mahmoud, Samy F

International Journal of Morphology

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Abr 2021, Volume 39 Nº 2 Páginas 592 - 600

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: The study aimed to illustrate the influence of feeding habits in the anatomical feature and histological structure as well as some histochemical observations on the tongue of two species of birds which differ in their classification, activity and habitat as; The domestic pigeon, Grainivorous bird, and cattle egret, Insectivorous bird, using light and SEM studies. Results showed that the tongue of two species was differing in size, shape and structure. The tongue of pigeon appeared short and triangular; while in cattle egret was long lanceolate in shape with narrow tapering apex. Dorsal large conical lingual papillae presented between the body and the root of both tongue of the studied birds. They were arranged in form of U-letter in pigeon and in form of wide V-letter in cattle egret. Histologically, both dorsal and ventral lingual surfaces lined with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which decreased in the thickness and the degree of keratinization toward the base. The dorsum of the apex of pigeon tongue showed desquamated epithelial cells with filiform papillae, these papillae not observed in the egret¢s tongue. The tongue of cattle egret contained longitudinal tendinous tissue as intra-lingual ligament appeared parallel and accompanied with skeletal muscle bundles and attached with entoglossal cartilage. It extended longitudinally from the root to the body of the egret's tongue. The salivary glands presented in the propria submucosal layer of the dorsal surface that extended laterally from apex to the root, while the ventral surface devoid from any glandular structures. The nature of lingual salivary glands showed variations in their histochemical observation to Alcian blue stain and PAS technique. It has been summarized that the morphological and histological variations of both tongues may be correlated to their feeding habits.

RESUMEN: La investigación tuvo como objetivo ilustrar mediante estudios de luz y SEM, la influencia de los hábitos alimentarios en la característica anatómica y estructura histológica, así como algunas observaciones histoquímicas en la lengua de dos especies de aves, que se diferencian en su clasificación, actividad y hábitat, como es la paloma doméstica, ave granívora y la garcilla bueyera, ave insectívora. De acuerdo a los resultados la lengua de las dos especies difería en tamaño, forma y estructura. La lengua de las palomas tenía una forma corta y triangular; mientras que en la garceta bueyera era de forma larga lanceolada con ápice estrecho y agusado. Grandes papilas dorsales linguales cónicas entre el cuerpo y la raíz de ambas lenguas estaban dispuestos en forma de letra U en paloma y en forma de letra V ancha en garza bueyera. Histológicamente, las superficies linguales dorsal y ventral estaban revestidas con epitelio escamoso estratificado queratinizado que disminuía en el grosor y el grado de queratinización hacia la base. El dorso del ápice de la lengua de la paloma mostró células epiteliales descamadas, estas papilas no se observaron en la lengua de la garceta. Se observó tejido tendinoso longitudinal en la lengua de la garceta bueyera, debido a que el ligamento intralingual aparecía en forma paralela y acompañado de haces de músculo esquelético y adherido con cartílago entogloso. Se extendía longitudinalmente entre la raíz hasta el cuerpo de la lengua de la garceta. Las glándulas salivales de la lengua estaban incrustadas en la capa submucosa propia de la superficie dorsal que se extendía lateralmente desde el ápice hasta la raíz, mientras que la superficie ventral carecía de estructuras glandulares. En las glándulas salivales linguales se observaron variaciones histoquímicas a la tinción con azul de Alcian y la técnica PAS. En conclusión, las variaciones morfológicas e histológicas de ambas lenguas pueden estar correlacionadas con sus hábitos alimentarios.

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Phytohormone abscisic acid boosts pentobarbital-induced sleep through activation of GABA-A, PPARβ and PPARγ receptor signaling
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MADADZADEH, Mohammad

; ABBASNEJAD, Mehdi

; MOLLASHAHI, Mahtab

; POURRAHIMI, Ali Mohammad

; ESMAEILI-MAHANI, Saeed

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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Mar 2021, Volume 79 Nº 3 Páginas 216 - 221

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Introdução: Os distúrbios do sono induzem a ansiedade e esquecimento e mudam hábitos. Os medicamentos hipnóticos químicos utilizados atualmente têm efeitos colaterais graves e, portanto, as pessoas são atraídas para o uso de compostos naturais, como agentes de cura à base de plantas. O ácido abscísico (ABA) é produzido em uma variedade de tecidos de mamíferos e está envolvido em muitas funções neurofisiológicas. Objetivo: Investigar o possível efeito do ABA no sono induzido por pentobarbital e sua possível sinalização por meio dos receptores GABA-A e PPAR (γ e β), em ratos Wistar machos. Métodos: O possível efeito do ABA (5 e 10 µg/rato, intracerebroventricularmente) no tempo de latência e duração do início do sono foi avaliado em um modelo de labirinto em V de sono. Pentobarbital sódico (40 mg/kg, intraperitonealmente) foi injetado para induzir o sono 30 minutos após a administração de ABA. PPARβ (GSK0660, 80 nM/rato), PPARγ (GW9662, 3 nM/rato) ou antagonistas do receptor GABA-A (bicuculina, 6 µg/rato) foram administrados 15 minutos antes da injeção de ABA. Diazepam (2 mg/kg, intraperitonealmente) foi utilizado como grupo de controle positivo. Resultados: ABA a 5 µg aumentou significativamente os efeitos sub-hipnóticos induzidos por pentobarbital e promoveu a indução do início do sono de forma comparável ao tratamento com diazepam. Além disso, o pré-tratamento com bicuculina aboliu significativamente os efeitos do ABA nos parâmetros do sono, ao passo que os efeitos amplificadores do ABA na indução do início do sono não foram significativamente afetados pelos antagonistas do PPARβ ou PPARγ. O efeito de prolongamento do sono do ABA foi significativamente prevenido por ambos os antagonistas do PPAR. Conclusões: Os dados mostraram que o ABA estimula o sono induzido por pentobarbital e que os receptores GABA-A, PPARβ e PPARγ estão, pelo menos em parte, envolvidos na sinalização ABA.

ABSTRACT Background: Sleep disorders induce anxiety and forgetfulness and change habits. The chemical hypnotic drugs currently used have serious side effects and, therefore, people are drawn towards using natural compounds such as plant-based healing agents. Abscisic acid (ABA) is produced in a variety of mammalian tissues and it is involved in many neurophysiological functions. Objective: To investigate the possible effect of ABA on pentobarbital-induced sleep and its possible signaling through GABA-A and PPAR (γ and β) receptors, in male Wistar rats. Methods: The possible effect of ABA (5 and 10 µg/rat, intracerebroventricularly) on sleep onset latency time and duration was evaluated in a V-maze model of sleep. Pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was injected to induce sleep 30 min after administration of ABA. PPARβ (GSK0660, 80 nM/rat), PPARγ (GW9662, 3 nM/rat) or GABA-A receptor (bicuculline, 6 µg/rat) antagonists were given 15 min before ABA injection. Diazepam (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was used as a positive control group. Results: ABA at 5 µg significantly boosted the pentobarbital-induced subhypnotic effects and promoted induction of sleep onset in a manner comparable to diazepam treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment with bicuculline significantly abolished the ABA effects on sleep parameters, while the amplifying effects of ABA on the induction of sleep onset was not significantly affected by PPARβ or PPARγ antagonists. The sleep prolonging effect of ABA was significantly prevented by both PPAR antagonists. Conclusions: The data showed that ABA boosts pentobarbital-induced sleep and that GABA-A, PPARβ and PPARγ receptors are, at least in part, involved in ABA signaling.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2019-0393 454 downloads

Kinetic and toxicological effects of synthesized palladium(II) complex on snake venom (Bungarus sindanus) acetylcholinesterase
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Ahmed, Mushtaq

; Khan, Shahan Zeb

; Sher, Naila

; Rehman, Zia Ur

; Mushtaq, Nadia

; Khan, Rahmat Ali

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

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2021, Volume 27 elocation e20200047

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: The venom of the krait (Bungarus sindanus), an Elapidae snake, is highly toxic to humans and contains a great amount of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The enzyme AChE provokes the hydrolysis of substrate acetylcholine (ACh) in the nervous system and terminates nerve impulse. Different inhibitors inactivate AChE and lead to ACh accumulation and disrupted neurotransmission. Methods: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of palladium(II) complex as antivenom against krait venom AChE using kinetics methods. Results: Statistical analysis showed that krait venom AChE inhibition decreases with the increase of Pd(II) complex (0.025-0.05 µM) and exerted 61% inhibition against the AChE at a fixed concentration (0.5 mM) of ACh. Kinetic analysis using the Lineweaver Burk plot showed that Pd(II) caused a competitive inhibition. The compound Pd(II) complex binds at the active site of the enzyme. It was observed that K m (Michaelis-Menten constant of AChE-ACh into AChE and product) increased from 0.108 to 0.310 mM (45.74 to 318.35%) and V max remained constant with an increase of Pd(II) complex concentrations. In AChE K Iapp was found to increase from 0.0912 to 0.025 µM (29.82-72.58%) and did not affect the V maxapp with an increase of ACh from (0.05-1 mM). K i (inhibitory constant) was estimated to be 0.029µM for snake venom; while the K m was estimated to be 0.4 mM. The calculated IC50 for Pd(II) complex was found to be 0.043 µM at constant ACh concentration (0.5 mM). Conclusions: The results show that the Pd(II) complex can be deliberated as an inhibitor of AChE.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0047 334 downloads

Perceptions of the Western Tropical Atlantic and Caribbean stakeholders regarding their role in achieving sustainale fisheries
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Acosta, Alejandro

; Ali, Fadilah

; DieiOuadi, Yvette

; Mahon, Robin

; Michaels, William

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2021, Volume 69 Supl. 1 elocation e21047

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Marine fisheries and seafood provide important economic and social benefits for communities in the Western Tropical Atlantic Region, including food security, livelihoods, and tourist activities. However, these resources have experienced a global decline due to overfishing, pollution, and warming oceans. To help halt and reverse this decline, interventions should prioritize the threats that are identified as most severe. The UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) presents itself as an opportunity to enhance ocean sustainability with “A sustainably harvested and productive ocean ensuring the provision of food supply and ocean resources” as one of its seven major societal outcomes. This paper addresses the proposed research priorities identified during the workshop for the UN Decade Working Group V which agree with the findings from two previous workshops conducted during 2017 and 2019 by the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (GCFI) and the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Over 300 scientists, policymakers, managers, government officials, representatives from tourism, maritime sector and communicators discussed regional priorities, and recognized the urgent need to expand stakeholder and partnership engagement. The respondents generally agreed on the major gaps within science and governance; however, managers and stakeholders view science as a critical source of information for the decision-making process. Respondents recommended that science should be inclusive of various knowledge types across sectors, including community and traditional knowledge. Furthermore, science quality assurance requires review processes that are impartial, reliable, and transparent. Ultimately, science-based management and policies require effective scientific input which must be achievable. There are good opportunities over the next decade to improve the sustainability and governance of the region’s fisheries resources. However, ensuring that fishers, resource users, civil society, and scientists work together with national and regional government resource management agencies will be the key for the development of successful governance structures overseeing these resources.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824069.21030aa

10.

Bounds for neighborhood Zagreb index and its explicit expressions under some graph operations
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Mondal, Sourav

; Ali, Muhammad Arfan

; De, Nilanjan

; Pal, Anita

Proyecciones (Antofagasta)

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Ago 2020, Volume 39 Nº 4 Páginas 799 - 819

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract: Topological indices are useful in QSAR/QSPR studies for modeling biological and physiochemical properties of molecules. The neighborhood Zagreb index (M N ) is a novel topological index having good correlations with some physiochemical properties. For a simple connected graph G, the neighborhood Zagreb index is the totality of square of δ G (v) over the vertex set, where δ G (v) is the total count of degrees of all neighbors of v in G. In this report, some bounds are established for the neighborhood Zagreb index. Some explicit expressions of the index for some graph operations are also computed, which are used to obtain the index for some chemically significant molecular graphs.

https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0717-6279-2020-04-0050 300 downloads

11.

Medical Students’ Perceptions of Pathology and a Proposed Curricular Integration with Histology: A Future Vision of Curricular Change
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Al-Khader, Ali

; Obeidat, Fatima N

; Abu-Shahin, Nisreen

; Khouri, Nabil A

; Kaddumi, Ezidin G

; Al-Qa'qa', Shifaa'

; Al-Shatanawi, Tariq N

; Jaber, Hatem

; Al-Saghbini, Mohamad

; Amer, Nabil

International Journal of Morphology

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Fev 2020, Volume 38 Nº 1 Páginas 38 - 42

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: Students’ perceptions and feedback have a significant impact on academic progress. The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of medical students regarding the cumulative effects of the first year general histology course and the sophomore pathology introductory course, in addition to their perceptions regarding the curricular integration of histology and pathology. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was given to second-year and third-year medical students in the middle of second semester. The questionnaire comprised several items on students’ attitudes toward anatomic pathology, their feedback on the first year general histology and the sophomore pathology courses, and their perceptions regarding the integration of histology and pathology courses. A five-point Likert scale was used. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) v 20 software. Two hundreds and fourteen of the 236 questionnaires distributed were analyzed (response rate = 90.7 %). More than 51 % of the respondents reported that they couldn’t identify the normal tissue counterpart of most practical pathology cases. Only 31.3 % thought their practical histology knowledge was beneficial for them in practical pathology. More than 87 % agreed or strongly agreed that pathology cases need to be copresented with normal tissue examples. A significant proportion of the respondents (60.7 %) were with merging histology and pathology in integrated courses. Pathology was of career choices for only 15.4 % of the participants. The curricular integration of histology and pathology in the first year needs to be tested, and much effort is needed to increase students’ affinity for anatomic pathology.

RESUMEN: Las percepciones y comentarios de los estudiantes tienen un impacto significativo en el progreso académico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las percepciones de los estudiantes de medicina con respecto a los efectos acumulativos del curso de Histología general de primer año y del curso introductorio de Patología de segundo año, además de sus percepciones con respecto a la integración curricular de Histología y Patología. En este estudio transversal, se entregó un cuestionario a estudiantes de medicina de segundo y tercer año, a mediados del segundo semestre. Asimismo, el cuestionario comprendió varios aspectos referente a la actitud de los estudiantes hacia Patología Anatómica, sus comentarios sobre la Histología general en el primer año y los cursos de Patología de segundo año. Además se incorporaron las percepciones de los estudiantes con respecto a la integración de los cursos de Histología y Patología. Se utilizó una escala de Likert de cinco puntos. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el paquete Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v 20. Se analizaron 214 de los 236 cuestionarios distribuidos (tasa de respuesta = 90,7 %). Más del 51 % de los encuestados indicaron estar de acuerdo o totalmente de acuerdo, en que no lograron identificar el tejido normal, en la mayoría de los casos de Patología práctica. Solo el 31,3 % observó que su conocimiento de Histología práctica era beneficioso para ellos durante la Patología práctica. Más del 87 % estuvo de acuerdo o muy de acuerdo en que los casos de Patología deben ser analizados con muestras de tejido normal. Un grupo importante de los encuestados (60,7 %) consideraba incorporar la Histología y la Patología en cursos integrados. Patología fue de elección en la carrera para el 15,4 % de los participantes. La integración curricular de Histología y Patología en el primer año, debe ser evaluada con el propósito de incrementar la afinidad de los estudiantes con la Patología Anatómica.

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12.

An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Curcumin Determination in Human Blood Serum
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Rahimnejad, Mostafa

; Zokhtareh, Rosan

; Moghadamnia, Ali Akbar

; Asghary, Maryam

Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta

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Jan 2020, Volume 38 Nº 1 Páginas 29 - 42

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

A sensitive, accurate electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide modified carbon paste electrode (RGO/CPE) was developed to measure curcumin levels in human blood serum. The as-prepared electrode (RGO/CPE) was verified to outperform bare carbon paste electrode (CPE), with increased oxidation and reduction peaks at +0.505 V and +0.408 V, respectively. Curcumin measurement was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. RGO/CPE showed a desirable linear response towards curcumin, within the concentration range of 10-6000 µM; the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 3.183 µM. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were applied to gain further insight into the electrochemical behavior of the proposed electrode. The results revealed that the usage of RGO caused increased sensitivity of the sensor response to curcumin; therefore, RGO/CPE can be considered a promising electrochemical sensor for curcumin determination in human blood serum.

https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.202001029 591 downloads

13.

Quantitative analysis of phenobarbital in biological fluids: Analyte enrichment by an electrically-assisted microextraction technique
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Yaripour, Saeid

; Ebrahimi, Shahriar

; Mohammadi, Ali

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2020, Volume 56 elocation e17839

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

An electrically-assisted microextraction method called electromembrane extraction, followed by a simple high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection was developed and validated for determining phenobarbital in biological samples. The major parameters influencing the electromembrane extraction procedure including solvent composition, voltage, pH of acceptor and donor solutions, salt effect, and time of extraction were evaluated and optimized. The drug was extracted from the donor aqueous sample solution (pH 9) to the acceptor aqueous solution (pH 13). The donor and acceptor phases were separated by a hollow fiber dipped in 1-octanol as a supported liquid membrane. A voltage of 40 V during 20 minutes was applied as the driving force. The enrichment factor was obtained >51 which enhanced the sensitivity of the instrument. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 7.5 and 25 ng/mL, respectively. The method was linear over the range of 25-1000 ng/mL for phenobarbital (R2 >0.9998) with repeatability (%RSD) between 0.4% and 6.8% (n = 3). The proposed method was successfully applied to human plasma and urine samples with relative recovery of 70-80% and %RSD < 6.8%.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902019000417839 1367 downloads

14.

The effect of tamoxifen on the electrochemical behavior of Bi+3/Bi on the glassy carbon electrode and its determination via differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry
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Falahieh, Zeinab Deris

; Jalali, Mehdi

; Alimoradi, Mohammad

; Albadi, Jalal

; Niazi, Ali

Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society

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Mar 2019, Volume 63 Nº 1 Páginas 33 - 42

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: The electrochemical behavior of Bi+3 ions on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode, in acidic media and in the presence of tamoxifen, was investigated. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to find the probable mechanism contributing to the reduction of the peak height of bismuth oxidation with an increase in the concentration of tamoxifen. The obtained results show a slight interaction between the bismuth species and tamoxifen which co-deposit on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. Therefore, the reduction in the peak height of bismuth oxidation as a function of tamoxifen concentration was used to develop a new differential pulse anodic striping voltammetry method for determination of trace amount of tamoxifen. The effects of experimental parameters on the in situ DPASV of Bi+3 ions in the presence of tamoxifen shown the optimal conditions as: 2 mol L-1 H2SO4 (1% v v-1 MeOH), a deposition potential of -0.5 V, a deposition time of 60 s, and a glassy carbon electrode rotation rate of 300 rpm. The calibration curve was plotted in the range of 0.5 to 6 µg mL-1 and the limits of detection and quantitation were calculated to be 3.1 × 10-5 µg mL-1 and 1.0 × 10-4 µg mL-1, respectively. The mean, RSD, and relative bias for 0.5 µg mL-1 (n=5) were found to be 0.49 µg mL-1, 0.3%, and 2%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used for the determination of tamoxifen in serum and pharmaceutical samples.

Resumen: Se investigó el comportamiento electroquímico de los iones Bi+3 en la superficie de un electrodo de carbono vítreo, en medios ácidos y en presencia de tamoxifeno. Se utilizaron voltametría cíclica, cronoamperometría, voltametría diferencial de pulso, espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica y microscopía electrónica de barrido con espectroscopia de rayos X de dispersión de energía con el aumento de la concentración de tamoxifeno. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una ligera interacción entre las especies de bismuto y el tamoxifeno que se depositan conjuntamente en la superficie del electrodo de carbono vítreo. Por lo tanto, la reducción en la altura máxima de la oxidación de bismuto en función de la concentración de tamoxifeno se utilizó para desarrollar un nuevo método de voltametría de banda anódica de pulso diferencial para la determinación de la cantidad de traza de tamoxifeno. Los efectos de los parámetros experimentales en el DPASV in situ de iones Bi+3 en presencia de tamoxifeno mostraron las condiciones óptimas como: 2 mol L-1 H2SO4 (1% v v-1 MeOH), un potencial de deposición de -0.5 V, un tiempo de deposición de 60 s, y una velocidad de rotación del electrodo de carbono vítreo de 300 rpm. La curva de calibración se trazó en el rango de 0.5 a 6 µg mL-1 y los límites de detección y cuantificación se calcularon en 3.1 × 10-5 µg mL-1 y 1.0 × 10-4 µg mL-1, respectivamente. Se encontró que la media, la RSD y el sesgo relativo para 0.5 µg mL-1 (n = 5) eran 0.49 µg mL-1, 0.3% y 2%, respectivamente. Finalmente, el método propuesto se utilizó con éxito para la determinación de tamoxifeno en muestras de suero y farmacéuticas.

https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v63i1.689 155 downloads

15.

Vegetable Waste Inclusion in Broiler Diets and its Effect on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Immunity, Meat Mineral Content and Lipid Oxidation Status
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Raza, A

; Hussain, J

; Hussnain, F

; Zahra, F

; Mehmood, S

; Mahmud, A

; Amjad, ZB

; Khan, MT

; Asif, M

; Ali, U

; Badar, IH

; Nadeem, M

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2019, Volume 21 Nº 1 elocation eRBCA-2019-0723

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding vegetable waste (VW) to broilers on their growth performance, serum chemistry, immune status, meat mineral content and lipid oxidation status. For this purpose, 100 one-day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were acquired from a commercial hatchery and allocated according to a completely randomized design into five dietary treatments with four replicates of five birds each. The dietary treatments included: T1 ( 100 % c o m m e r c i a l f e e d ( C F ) + 0 % V W), T2 ( 75 % C F + 25 % V W), T3 ( 50 % C F + 50 % V W), T4 ( 25 % C F + 75 % V W) and T5 ( 0 % C F + 100 % V W). Experimental birds were subjected to dietary treatments from 5 to 7 weeks of age. At the end of week 7 (49 days), eight birds with uniform average body weight were selected per treatment (2birds/replicate), kept off-feed for 4 h and then manually slaughtered according to the Halal method to collect data for serum chemistry, meat minerals and lipid oxidation status. The results indicated better meat lipid oxidation status (p≤0.05) and lower meat mineral content (p≤0.05) when birds fed VW at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the diets compared with 100% commercial feed. On the other hand, blood chemistry and antibody response parameters did not respond (p>0.05) to dietary intervention. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of vegetable waste had positive influence on meat quality in terms of meat lipid oxidation and meat mineral content, and may be replace up to 75% of commercial broiler feeds with beneficial effects.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0723 2403 downloads

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