Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and serum concentrations of retinol, correlating them with IGF-1 concentrations in preschoolers with DS. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 children with DS aged 24 to 72 months, in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. VAD was determined by the relative dose-response (RDR) test. Retinol serum concentration ≤ 0.70 μmol/L and IGF-1 serum concentration below the 3rd percentile for sex and age were considered to represent deficiency. C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined at the beginning of the study. Weight, height, and information about fever and/or diarrhea were obtained at the beginning of the study. Results: VAD prevalence was 25.5% (12/47), and 74.5% (35/47) of the children had deficient retinol before the intervention. CRP was not associated with VAD. Mean IGF-1 were 103.5 ng/mL (SD = 913) for the group with VAD and 116.3 ng/mL (SD = 54.9) for the group with no VAD (p-value = 0.85); 8.5% (4/47) of the children showed deficient IGF-1, but without VAD. No association was observed between VAD and IGF-1 deficiency. A moderate positive correlation was observed between pre-intervention retinol and IGF-1 (ρ = 0.37; p-value = 0.01). Conclusion: a high prevalence of VAD and deficient retinol was observed and there was a positive correlation between serum retinol and IGF-1.

Resumo O consumo de soja é um hábito milenar de populações do mundo oriental e aumentou recentemente no mundo ocidental. Os riscos e benefícios dessa prática têm sido extensivamente estudados, com uma necessidade fundamental atual de integração das informações disponíveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre este tema, a fim de consolidar as informações disponíveis. Com base na principal questão: “Qual o impacto do consumo de soja na saúde humana?”, foram revistas publicações classificadas como artigos originais e revisões publicadas de 1998 a 2020 nas bases de dados Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science e Cochrane Library. Foram selecionados 97 estudos. Na presente revisão, foram descritos o impacto geral da soja sobre a saúde humana e sua qualidade proteica, os efeitos da exposição precoce com fórmulas de soja e os efeitos do consumo de soja no câncer de mama, endometrial e ovariano, câncer de próstata, câncer gastrointestinal, doença cardiovascular, doenças do metabolismo da glicose e diabetes do tipo 2, obesidade, saúde reprodutiva, menopausa, osteoporose feminina e masculina, microbiota, imunidade e imunomodulação, função da tireoide, distúrbio de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, e função renal.

Abstract Soy consumption is a millenary habit of populations of the eastern world and has recently increased in the western world. The risks and benefits of this practice have been extensively studied, with a current fundamental need of integration of available information. The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative review on this topic, in order to consolidate the available information. Based on the main question: “What is the impact of soy consumption on human health?”, were reviewed publications classified as original articles and reviews published from 1998 to 2020 in the databases Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 97 studies were selected. In the present review were described the general impact of soy on human health and its protein quality, the effects of early exposure using soy formulas, and the effects of soy consumption on breast cancer, endometrial and ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, cardiovascular disease, glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes, obesity, reproductive health, menopause, female and male osteoporosis, microbiota, immunity and immunomodulation, thyroid function, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and renal function.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre a qualidade do perfil lipídico e dos compostos bioativos presentes no azeite de abacate, bem como sobre os seus potenciais benefícios para a saúde humana. Foram identificados trabalhos publicados nas bases de dados Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO e Web of Science, além de Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações. A pesquisa encontrou dados referentes ao perfil lipídico e ao teor de substâncias bioativas presentes no azeite de abacate extraído das variedades Margarida, Quintal, Fortuna, Ouro Verde, Hass e Fuerte. O azeite de abacate caracteriza-se por apresentar, em média, teores elevados de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (60%), teor intermediário de ácidos graxos saturados (24%) e baixo teor de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (16%). O ácido graxo oleico (ômega-9) é o de maior concentração (aproximadamente 55%). Os principais esteróis, tocoferóis e carotenoides encontrados foram β-sitosterol, α-tocoferol e luteína, respectivamente. O azeite de abacate possui propriedades físico-químicas semelhantes às do azeite de oliva. Em modelos animais, é capaz de prevenir a disfunção mitocondrial cerebral e hepática induzida pelo diabetes, associado à diminuição de estresse oxidativo, LDL-c e peroxidação lipídica. Seus benefícios são atribuídos principalmente às concentrações de ácido oleico, por sua atividade cardioprotetora, ao β-sitosterol, por sua propriedade anti-inflamatória, e ao α-tocoferol e à luteína, pela propriedade antioxidante. Assim, o azeite de abacate se destaca pelo teor elevado de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e de compostos bioativos, como tocoferóis, carotenoides e fitoesteróis. Análises em modelos animais, aliadas às análises de qualidade e segurança, atestam os benefícios e a possibilidade de introdução do referido azeite para uso comestível, substituindo óleos de qualidade inferior e criando nova alternativa gastronômica ao consumidor.

Abstract The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative review on the quality of the lipid profile and bioactive compounds present in avocado oil, as well as its potential benefits to human health. Papers were identified, published in the Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO and Web of Science databases, as well as in the Digital Thesis and Dissertation Library. The survey found data on the lipid profiles and bioactive contents of avocado oils extracted from the varieties Margarida, Quintal, Fortuna, Ouro Verde, Hass and Fuerte. Avocado oil is characterized by high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (60%), intermediate contents of saturated fatty acids (24%) and low contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (16%). The fatty acid oleic acid (omega-9) is the one with the highest concentration (approximately 55%). The major sterols, tocopherols and carotenoids found were β-sitosterol, α-tocopherol and lutein, respectively. Avocado oil has physicochemical properties similar to those of olive oil. In animal models, it is able to prevent the cerebral and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diabetes, associated with a reduction in oxidative stress, LDL-c and lipid peroxidation. Its benefits are attributed mainly to the oleic acid concentrations for their cardio-protective activity, β-sitosterol for its anti-inflammatory properties, and α-tocopherol and lutein for their antioxidant properties. Thus avocado oil stands out for its high contents of monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, carotenoids and phytosterols. Analyses in animal models coupled with quality and safety analyses have attested to the benefits of avocado oil and the possibility of introducing it for edible use, replacing inferior quality oils and creating a new gastronomic alternative for the consumer.