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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

4-amino-2-phenyl-6-(p-fluorophenyl)-5-carbonitrile-pyrimidine-bis-substituted-loaded liposomes as promising system for cancer treatment
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OLIVEIRA, JANICE V.

; ALMEIDA, GLEYBSON C.

; NOGUEIRA, MARIANE C.B.L.

; AGUIAR JÚNIOR, FRANCISCO C.A.

; MELO, AUDENES O.

; SILVA, THIAGO D.S.

; SANTOS, NOEMIA P.S.

; MAGALHÃES, NEREIDE S.S.

; MELO, SEBASTIÃO J.

; FALCÃO, EMERSON P.S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Supl. 1 elocation e20211078

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The aim of the present study was to perform in vitro and in vivo assessments of the antineoplastic action of 4-amino-pyrimidine encapsulated in liposomes. Liposomes were prepared and characterized for particle size and drug encapsulation and submitted to long-term stability tests. Cytotoxicity assays were performed in HeLa cells. Antineoplastic activity was investigated using the experimental sarcoma 180 tumor in Swiss albino mice. Encapsulation efficiency was 82.93 ± 0.04% and no significant changes were found with respect to particle size or pH after centrifugation and mechanical agitation tests. The in vitro results at concentration of 20 μg/mL indicated a considerable reduction in cell viability after treatment with encapsulated pyrimidine (75.91%). The in vivo assays using the compounds in encapsulated and free forms and 5-fluorouracil achieved tumor inhibition rates of 66.47 ± 26.8%, 50.46 ± 16.24% and 14.47 ± 9.22%, respectively. Mitotic counts demonstrated a greater reduction in the number of mitoses in animals treated with liposomal pyrimidine (32.15%) compared to those treated with the pyrimidine free (87.69%) and 5-fluorouracil (71.39%). This study demonstrated that the development of liposome formulations containing 4-amino-pyrimidine is a promising alternative for overcoming limitations related to the toxicity of current cancer treatment, ensuring greater therapeutic efficacy.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320211078

Hyperphagia and hyperleptinemia induced by low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet is reversed at a later stage of development in rats
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FROELICH, MENDALLI

; LEMES, SUELEM A.F.

; ELIAS, MAÍSA P.S.

; OLIVEIRA, ANA PAULA S.S

; LISBOA, PATRICIA C.

; SOUZA, JOSÉ RICARDO DE

; MOURA, EGBERTO G.

; ALMEIDA, FHELIPE J.S

; PEREIRA, MAYARA P.

; LATORRACA, MARCIA Q.

; KAWASHITA, NAIR H.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Nº 3 elocation e20210902

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study investigated whether increased food intake after 15 days of low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) and its normalization in the later period of development change the content of key proteins related to leptin or adiponectin signaling in the hypothalamus. Male rats were divided into five groups: Control groups received a control diet (17% protein, 63% carbohydrate) for 15 (C15) or 45 (C45) days; LPHC groups received an LPHC diet (6% protein, 74% carbohydrate) for 15 (LPHC15) or 45 (LPHC45) days; and Reverse group (R): received LPHC diet for 15 days followed by control diet for another 30 days. The LPHC15 group showed increased adiposity index, leptin level, and adiponectin level, as well as decreased the leptin receptor (ObRb) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) content in the hypothalamus compared with the C15 group. LPHC diet for 45 days or diet reversion (R group) rescued these alterations, except the adiponectin level in LPHC45 rats, which was higher. In summary, LPHC diet reduced hypothalamic leptin action by diminishing ObRb and POMC levels, leading to hyperphagia and adiposity body. Medium-term administration of LPHC diet or reverting to control diet restored the levels of these proteins, thereby improving body lipid mass rearrangement in adulthood.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210902

Antagonistic activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 6.2 extracted from cocoa fermentation and its supernatant on Gardnerella vaginalis
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RAMOS, LOUISE P.

; ALMEIDA, MILENA E. DE

; FREIRE, HERBERT P.S.

; PESSOA, WALLACE F.B.

; REZENDE, RACHEL P.

; ROMANO, CARLA C.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Nº 3 elocation e20210731

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Search for alternative methods for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis has been growing, and probiotics being among them. The most well-known probiotic microorganisms are lactobacilli, which are naturally present in the vaginal microenvironment. Cocoa fermentation is a source of lactic acid bacteria, with lactobacilli being the most prominent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 6.2 a strain of lactobacilli isolated from cocoa fermentation, and its cell-free supernatant on Gardnerella vaginalis. It was shown that Lpb. plantarum 6.2 and its supernatant, used at three concentrations, i.e., 40, 20 and 10 mg/mL, have a strong antagonistic activity against G. vaginalis, with a probable action of proteinaceous bacteriocins; the activity was lost after heat treatment. The ability to exclude and displace G. vaginalis from the adhesion site to vaginal HMVII epithelial cells was also demonstrated by the lactobacilli and the supernatant, with the latter showing a bactericidal effect. Thus, the Lpb. plantarum 6.2 strain presents itself as a good probiotic with potential to be used not only as a therapeutic alternative for vaginosis but also as a complement to existing therapies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210731

Use of cooled buffalo semen as a strategy to increase conception rates in fixed-time artificial insemination programs during unfavorable reproductive periods
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Almeida, J.

; Brito, M.F.

; Neves, B.P.

; Becerra, V.A.B.

; Auler, P.A.

; Hadad, J.P.

; Baruselli, P.S.

; Henry, M.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Mai 2021, Volume 73 Nº 3 Páginas 560 - 570

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficiência reprodutiva de búfalas leiteiras submetidas a protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) à base de progesterona/estrogênio (P4/E2) e eCG, durante a estação reprodutiva desfavorável, usando-se sêmen resfriado (SR) e congelado (SC) Um total de 446 búfalas (> 40 dias após o parto) foi distribuído aleatoriamente em quatro blocos (anos): B1-2014 (n = 143), B2-2015 (n = 34), B3-2016 (n = 90) e B4-2017 (n = 179). Cada bloco foi subdividido em dois (IA com SR e SC utilizando-se a mesma ejaculação de cada touro). Assim, a subdivisão do bloco foi a seguinte: B1 (SR = 71 e SC = 72); B2 (SR = 18 e SC = 16); B3 (SR = 47 e SC = 43); e B4 (SR = 90 e SC = 89). Os ejaculados de oito touros Murrah coletados com vagina artificial foram divididos em duas alíquotas: uma alíquota diluída em diluente comercial Botu-Bov® e resfriada (BB-SR), e a outra diluída no mesmo diluente e congelada (BB-SC). As alíquotas de BB-SR foram resfriados a 5°C/24h usando-se um refrigerador. As alíquotas do grupo BB-SC também foram resfriadas e, após equilíbrio a 5°C por 4h, foram colocadas em uma caixa de isopor de 21L, 5 cm acima da superfície do nitrogênio líquido. À tarde (A), no D0 (14h), os animais receberam BE 2,0 mg IM (Estrogin®) e um implante auricular (Crestar® 3,0 mg P4). No D9 (A), o implante foi retirado e os animais receberam eCG 400 UI IM (Folligon® 5000) + cloprostenol PGF2α 0,530 mg IM (Sincrocio®). No D10 (A), os animais receberam BE 1,0mg IM (Estrogin®), e, no D12 (8h da manhã), foram realizadas as IAs. No D42, a gestação foi diagnosticada por ultrassonografia. As taxas de concepção (TC) totais foram 48,2% SR e 34,6% SC para os anos de 2014 a 2017, com uma diferença significativa de 13,7% (P<0,05). Em conclusão, o sêmen resfriado resultou em maior TC do que o sêmen congelado em bubalinos leiteiros sob P4/E2 e eCG FTAI durante a estação reprodutiva desfavorável.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the reproductive efficiency of dairy buffaloes undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols based on progesterone/estrogen (P4/E2) and eCG during unfavorable breeding season using cooled (CS) and frozen semen (FS). A total of 446 buffaloes (> 40 days postpartum) were randomly distributed into four blocks (years): B1-2014 (n = 143), B2-2015 (n = 34), B3-2016 (n = 90), and B4-2017 (n = 179). Each block was subdivided into two (AI with CS and FS using the same ejaculate of each bull). Thus, the block subdivision was as follows: B1 (CS = 71 and FS = 72); B2 (CS = 18 and FS = 16); B3 (CS = 47 and FS = 43); and B4 (CS = 90 and FS = 89). The ejaculates of eight Murrah bulls collected using an artificial vagina were divided into two aliquots: one aliquot was diluted in Botu-Bov® commercial extender and cooled (BB-CS), and the other was diluted in the same extender and frozen (BB-FS). BB-CS aliquots were cooled at 5 °C/24 h using a refrigerator. BB-FS group aliquots were also cooled, and after equilibrating at 5 °C for 4 h, were placed in a 21-L Styrofoam box, 5 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen. In the afternoon (A) on D0 (2:00 p.m.) the animals received EB 2.0 mg IM (Estrogin®) and an ear implant (CRESTAR® 3.0 mg P4). At D9 (A), the implant was removed, and the animals received eCG 400 IU IM (Folligon® 5000) + Cloprostenol PGF2α 0.530 mg IM (Sincrocio®). At D10 (A), the animals received EB 1.0 mg IM (Estrogin®), and at D12 (8:00 a.m.), AI was performed. At D42, pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasonography. Total CRs were 48.2% CS and 34.6% FS for years 2014 to 2017, with a significant difference of 13.7% (P<0.05). In conclusion, cooled semen resulted in higher CR than frozen semen in dairy buffaloes under the P4/E2 and eCG FTAI during the unfavorable reproductive season.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12142 182 downloads

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) gene haploinsufficiency does not alter hematopoiesis or induce leukemia in Lck-CALM/AF10 transgenic mice
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Lange, A.P.

; Almeida, L.Y.

; Araújo Silva, C.L.

; Scheucher, P.S.

; Chahud, F.

; Krause, A.

; Bohlander, S.K.

; Rego, E.M.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2019, Volume 52 Nº 6 elocation e8424

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Although rare, CALM/AF10 is a chromosomal rearrangement found in immature T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), acute myeloid leukemia, and mixed phenotype acute leukemia of T/myeloid lineages with poor prognosis. Moreover, this translocation is detected in 50% of T-ALL patients with gamma/delta T cell receptor rearrangement, frequently associated with low expression of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA). However, the relevance of CEBPA low expression for CALM/AF10 leukemogenesis has not yet been evaluated. We generated double mutant mice, which express the Lck-CALM/AF10 fusion gene and are haploinsufficient for the Cebpa gene. To characterize the hematopoiesis, we quantified hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid progenitor cells, megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cells, common myeloid progenitor cells, and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. No significant difference was detected in any of the progenitor subsets. Finally, we tested if Cebpa haploinsufficiency would lead to the expansion of Mac-1+/B220+/c-Kit+ cells proposed as the CALM/AF10 leukemic progenitor. Less than 1% of bone marrow cells expressed Mac-1, B220, and c-Kit with no significant difference between groups. Our results showed that the reduction of Cebpa gene expression in Lck-CALM/AF10 mice did not affect their hematopoiesis or induce leukemia. Our data corroborated previous studies suggesting that the CALM/AF10 leukemia-initiating cells are early progenitors with lymphoid/myeloid differentiating potential.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20198424 1261 downloads

Deficiência de fósforo em caprinos no semiárido de Pernambuco
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Barbosa, Fernanda P.S.

; Almeida, Valdir M.

; Albuquerque, Raquel F.

; Rocha, Brena P.

; Soares, Pierre C.

; Silva Filho, Givaldo B.

; Chaves, Hisadora A.

; Mendonça, Fábio S.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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Jun 2018, Volume 38 Nº 6 Páginas 1117 - 1124

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos clínicos e patológicos da deficiência de fósforo em caprinos no semiárido de Pernambuco. Para isso, visitas técnicas foram realizadas em diferentes propriedades na microrregião do Sertão do Moxotó durante o período da estação seca. Realizaram-se exames clínicos, determinação da atividade sérica de cálcio total e ionizado, fosforo sérico, magnésio, razão Ca:P, proteína total, albumina, globulina e o percentual de cinzas ósseas. Biopsias ósseas da região hipocondríaca da 12 costela direita foram fixadas em solução de formalina a 10% e descalcificadas para análises histológicas. Os principais sinais clínicos observados nos caprinos com deficiência de fósforo foram aumento da fragilidade óssea além de desidratação, magreza, hipomotilidade ruminal, alopecia, pelos opacos, quebradiços e eriçados e osteofagia. As médias dos valores das cinzas ósseas e do teor de fósforo nos ossos estavam abaixo dos valores de referência e a correlação entre essas duas variáveis foi fortemente positiva (r=0,91); a redução da concentração do fósforo sérico foi acompanhada da redução da porcentagem desse mineral nas cinzas. Esse resultado é conclusivo para o diagnóstico de deficiência de fósforo. No exame microscópico dos fragmentos ósseos das costelas, verificou-se evidente aumento da atividade osteoclástica com áreas de reabsorção óssea e maior quantidade de tecido osteóide e de fibras colágenas na matriz óssea. Conclui-se que a deficiência de fósforo é uma doença frequente em caprinos criados em regime semi-extensivo no semiárido de Pernambuco e que a suplementação desse mineral é necessária na região estudada.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological aspects of phosphorus deficiency in goats in the semiarid region of Pernambuco. For this, technical visits were carried out at different properties in the Sertão do Moxotó region during the dry season period. Clinical examinations, serum analysis and rib biopsies were carried out to determine macromineral contents. Serum concentrations of total and ionized Ca, serum and bone P, Mg, Ca:P ratio, total protein, albumin, globulin and ashes were determined. Bone biopsies were performed by surgical procedure in the hypochondriac region of the 12th right rib which were fixed in 10% formalin solution and decalcified for histological analysis. The main clinical signs in phosphorus-deficient goats consisted of dehydration, poor corporal score, ruminal hypomotility, alopecia, opaque, brittle and bristly hair and osteophagy. The averages of bone ashes and phosphorus content in bones were below the reference values and the correlation between these two variables was strongly positive (r=0.91). The reduction of the serum phosphorus concentration was accompanied by the reduction of the percentage of this mineral in the ashes. This result is conclusive for the diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency. In the microscopic examination of ribs bony fragments there was a clear increase in osteoclastic activity with areas of bone resorption and a greater amount of osteoid tissue and collagen fibers in the bone matrix. It is concluded that phosphorus deficiency is a frequent disease in goats in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil and and the supplementation of this mineral is necessary in the studied region.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5395 1530 downloads

Antibody response between pigs of Piau and a commercial breed naturally infected with Porcine circovirus 2
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Bulos, L.H.S.

; Gonzaga, N.F.

; Souza, L.F.L.

; Assao, V.S.

; Leite, R.A.S.

; Rebouças, M.S.

; Scatamburlo, T.M.

; Guimarães, J.D. Guimarães S.E.F.

; Lopes, P.S.

; Almeida, M.R.L.

; Silva Júnior, A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Out 2016, Volume 68 Nº 5 Páginas 1145 - 1151

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O rebanho de suínos brasileiro é constituído por diversas raças naturalizadas, entre elas a raça Piau, que é conhecida por sua rusticidade e pela grande deposição de toucinho. As raças naturalizadas, em comparação com as linhagens comerciais, podem ter uma maior resistência a doenças que circulam em seu território. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se existem diferenças no perfil sorológico contra o Porcine circovirus 2 (PVC2) entre suínos da raça Piau e de uma linhagem comercial de uma granja naturalmente infectada pelo PCV2. Foram realizadas mensurações da carga viral sérica por qPCR e dos níveis de anticorpos anti-PCV2 por meio da técnica de ELISA. Os resultados mostraram que a carga viral sérica se manteve homogênea em todos os animais e que os leitões da raça Piau apresentaram níveis de anticorpos superiores em comparação com os leitões da linhagem comercial (P=0,05), enquanto as porcas de linhagem comercial apresentaram níveis superiores aos da raça Piau (P<0,01). Este trabalho fornece indícios de que a raça Piau apresenta uma resposta imune humoral distinta diante de uma infecção natural pelo PCV2, quando comparada com a resposta desenvolvida pela linhagem comercial. Os resultados obtidos reforçam a importância da conservação das raças nativas.

ABSTRACT Brazilian pig population is made up of several naturalized breeds; among them the Piau breed is known for its rusticity and large fat stores. The naturalized breeds, in comparison with commercial ones, may have an increased resistance to diseases circulating in their territory. Thus, this study aimed to verify if there are differences between the serologic profile against Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) of Piau pigs and that of a commercial breed from a farm naturally infected by PCV2. The serum viral load was measured by qPCR, and levels of anti-PCV2 antibodies were measured by ELISA. The results showed that the serum viral load was similar across all animals. However, Piau piglets showed higher levels of antibodies compared to commercial piglets (P= 0.05), while sows of the commercial breed showed higher levels than the Piau breed (P< 0.01). There was not a statistical difference between pigs of different production stages in the seroprevalence of PCV2 or the blood viral load. This work demonstrates that, with regard to a natural PCV2 infection, the Piau breed has a different humoral immune response compared to the response developed by the commercial pigs. The results support the importance of conservation of native breeds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8950 1372 downloads

Aloe vera na criopreservação do sêmen de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)
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Melo-Maciel, M.A.P.

; Leite-Castro, L.V.

; Leite, J.S.

; Oliveira, M.S.

; Almeida-Monteiro, P.S.

; Nunes, J.F.

; Salmito-Vanderley, C.S.B.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Jun 2015, Volume 67 Nº 3 Páginas 945 - 949

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

This study aimed to evaluate the extract of Aloe vera (AV) associated or not with 10% Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in cryopreservation of tambaqui semen. For the formation of the pools (n= 14), 30 males were hormonally induced twice. Each pool had the objective motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity and morphology analyzed before and after cryopreservation of semen. The means for cryopreservation were constituted of Powder Coconut Water-104 diluent added DMSO and/or AV (5 or 10%). After cryopreservation, motility, velocities and morphology were reduced significantly when compared to fresh semen. For sperm motility the best treatment was that using only DMSO (20,86±8,31) and DMSO + 5% AV (15.71±9.77). For the velocities, the worse treatment was DMSO+10% AV. Treatment with only the addition of DMSO had a significantly higher effect than others on percentage of morphologically normal sperm. The mean correlation found was between motilityand the rate of morphologically normal sperm (r = 0.687). In conclusion, the addition of AV does not provide greater protection for spermatozoa during cryopreservation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-7807 1959 downloads

10.

Bioconversion of R-(+)-limonene to perillic acid by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
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Ferrara, Maria Antonieta

; Almeida, Débora S.

; Siani, Antonio C.

; Lucchetti, Leonardo

; Lacerda, Paulo S.B.

; Freitas, André

; Tappin, Marcelo R.R.

; Bon, Elba P.S.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Dez 2013, Volume 44 Nº 4 Páginas 1075 - 1080

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Perillyl derivatives are increasingly important due to their flavouring and antimicrobial properties as well as their potential as anticancer agents. These terpenoid species, which are present in limited amounts in plants, may be obtained via bioconversion of selected monoterpene hydrocarbons. In this study, seventeen yeast strains were screened for their ability to oxidize the exocyclic methyl group in the p-menthene moiety of limonene into perillic acid. Of the yeast tested, the highest efficiency was observed for Yarrowia lipolytica ATCC 18942. The conversion of R (+)-limonene by Y. lipolytica was evaluated by varying the pH (3 to 8) and the temperature (25 to 30 ºC) in a reaction medium containing 0.5% v/v limonene and 10 gµL of stationary phase cells (dry weight). The best results, corresponding to 564 mgµL of perillic acid, were obtained in buffered medium at pH 7.1 that was incubated at 25 ºC for 48 h. The stepwise addition of limonene increased the perillic acid concentration by over 50%, reaching 855 mgµL, whereas the addition of glucose or surfactant to the reaction medium did not improve the bioconversion process. The use of Y. lipolytica showed promise for ease of further downstream processing, as perillic acid was the sole oxidised product of the bioconversion reaction. Moreover, bioprocesses using safe and easy to cultivate yeast cells have been favoured in industry.

2832 downloads

11.

Development and evaluation of a novel subunit vaccine for Mycoplasma gallisepticum
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Moura, L.

; Dohms, J.

; Almeida, J.M.

; Ferreira, P.S.

; Biffi, C.P.

; Backes, R.G.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Dez 2012, Volume 64 Nº 6 Páginas 1569 - 1576

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os genes mgc1 e mgc2, codificadores de duas proteínas de adesão (MGC1 e MGC2) da bactéria Mycoplasma gallisepticum, foram clonados em E. coli. Dezessete grupos de aves livres de patógenos específicos (SPF), com quatro semanas de idade, foram inoculados com uma emulsão oleosa contendo as proteínas MGC1 e MGC2 purificadas. Seis concentrações (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, e 1000µg/ave) foram testadas com duas doses idênticas, às quatro e sete semanas de vida, respectivamente. Além disso, grupos controles foram avaliados com uma vacina comercial contra micoplasmose aviária, membrana de MG, grupo sem vacina/sem desafio, grupo vacina oleosa de MGC1 sem desafio, grupo com vacina oleosa de MGC2 sem desafio, grupo desafiado mas sem vacina. Três semanas após a segunda e a última vacinação, 50% dos animais dos grupos tratamentos foram desafiados com a cepa S6 de MG. O restante dos animais foi deixado como contato para averiguar proteção contra a transmissão horizontal da doença. Amostras de sangue de todas as aves foram coletadas antes das vacinações, do desafio e da eutanásia. As aves eram negativas para MG às quatro semanas de vida, conforme visto na aglutinação em placa. Na necropsia, tecidos (traqueia, pulmão e sacos aéreos) foram coletados para exame histopatológico. Suabes da traqueia foram utilizados para a PCR. Os resultados do ELISA demonstraram forte resposta imune contra as duas proteínas testadas e resposta similar independentemente do número de doses, provando a sua capacidade imunogênica. Porém, esta resposta humoral gerada foi incapaz de prevenir a infecção e a doença após desafio, conforme demonstrado pelos exames PCR e histopatológico. Aves-contato, inoculadas com MGC1, demonstraram estar infectadas nas análises de PCR. Além disso, os resultados do histopatológico e ELISA sugerem que os animais-contato não tiveram tempo suficiente para demonstrar lesões ou resposta imune.

Adhesion proteins from Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) encoded by cytadhesion genes mgc1 and mgc2 were cloned into plasmid vectors and transformed into E. coli. Seventeen groups of specific-pathogen free (SPF), birds at four weeks of age were used to inoculate these two proteins (MGC1 and MGC2) mixed into an oil emulsion creating a novel MG vaccine. Six different protein concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1000µg/bird) were tested with two equal concentration doses at four and seven weeks of age. In addition, many control groups were needed such as bacterin, membrane, no vaccine or challenge, oil emulsion alone, and no vaccine but challenged. Three weeks following the second vaccination, 50% of the birds in each treatment group were challenged with MG strain S6. The remaining birds were left as contacts to verify protection against horizontal transmission. All birds were bled before vaccinations, challenge and euthanasia. Birds were negative for MG at the first vaccination, as shown by serum plate agglutination test. At necropsy, tissue samples (trachea, lungs, and air sacs) were collected for histopathological examination. Swabs from trachea were used for PCR analysis. ELISA results showed a strong immune response to both protein preparations and almost the same response level for different doses tested, proving the immunogenic features of MGC1 and MGC2. However, humoral responses failed to prevent MG infection and disease when challenged as demonstrated by PCR and histopathology. MGC1 contact birds showed some degree of infection by PCR analysis. In addition, histopathological and ELISA results suggest that contact birds did not have enough time to develop lesions and to mount an immune response.

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12.

Inclusão da epistasia em modelo de avaliação genética de bovinos de corte compostos
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Bueno, R.S.

; Torres, R.A.

; Ferraz, J.B.S.

; Lopes, P.S.

; Eler, J.P.

; Silva, M. Almeida e

; Euclydes, R.F.

; Mattos, E.C.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Ago 2011, Volume 63 Nº 4 Páginas 948 - 953

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Dados de bovinos compostos foram analisados para avaliar o efeito da epistasia nos modelos de avaliação genética. As características analisadas foram os pesos aos 205 (P205) e 390 dias (P390) e perímetro escrotal aos 390 dias (PE390). As análises foram realizadas pela metodologia de máxima verossimilhança considerando-se dois modelos: o modelo 1 incluiu como covariáveis os efeitos aditivos diretos e maternos, e os não aditivos das heterozigoses para os efeitos diretos e para o materno total, e o modelo 2 considerou também o efeito direto de epistasia. Para comparação dos modelos, foram utilizados o critério de informação de Akaike (AIC) e o critério de informação Bayesiano de Schwartz (BIC), e o teste de razão de verossimilhança. A inclusão da epistasia no modelo de avaliação genética pouco alterou as estimativas de componentes de (co)variâncias genéticas aditivas e, consequentemente, as herdabilidades. O teste de verossimilhança e o critério de Akaike sugeriram que o modelo 2, que inclui a epistasia, apresentou maior aderência aos dados para todas as características analisadas. O critério BIC indicou este modelo como o melhor apenas para P205. Para análise genética dessa população, o modelo que considerou o efeito de epistasia foi o mais adequado.

Composite bovine data was analyzed with the objective of evaluating the effect of the epistasis parameter in the models of genetic evaluation. The analyzed characteristics were weight at 205 (W205) and 390 days (P390), and scrotal circumference at 390 days (SC390). The analysis were done by the maximum likelihood method, considering two models: model 1, which included as covariates the direct and maternal additive effects, and non-additive of the heterozygosis for the direct and total maternal, and model 2, which also considered the direct epistasis direct. The Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and the Bayesiano of Schwartz Information Criteria (BIC) were used for the comparison of the models and the test of ratio of likelihood. The inclusion of the epistasis effects on the model of the genetic evaluation did not alter much the estimation of the genetic additive (co)variances components and, consequently the heritability. However, it was significantly superior by the likelihood ratio test for the studied characteristics. Through the BIC, model 2 was more adequate only for W205. For the genetic analysis of that population the model that considers the epitasis is the more adequate.

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13.

Evolução e reversibilidade das lesões neurológicas e cardíacas em ovinos intoxicados experimentalmente por Ateleia glazioviana e Tetrapterys multiglandulosa
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Almeida, Milton B.

; Priebe, Amanda P.S.

; Riet-Correa, Beatriz

; Riet-Correa, Gabriela

; Fiss, Letícia

; Raffi, Margarida B.

; Schild, Ana Lucia

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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Mar 2008, Volume 28 Nº 3 Páginas 129 - 134

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Para determinar a reversibilidade das lesões neurológicas e cardíacas nas intoxicações por Ateleia glazioviana e Tetrapterys multiglandulosa, as duas plantas foram administradas por via oral a 3 grupos de quatro ovinos cada. Nos Grupos 1, 2 e 3, quando os animais apresentaram sinais neurológicos de intoxicação com agravamento substancial do quadro clínico e possibilidade de morte, suspendeu-se a administração da planta. O Grupo 4 com dois ovinos foi utilizado como controle. Os ovinos do Grupo 1, que receberam A. glazioviana fresca colhida no outono na dose de 10g/kg por dia durante 6 dias e foram eutanasiados aos 8, 11, 16 e 21 dias após o início do experimento, apresentaram regressão dos sinais nervosos e progressão das lesões cardíacas. Os ovinos do Grupo 2, que receberam a mesma dose de A. glazioviana fresca, colhida na primavera por 8 dias e foram eutanasiados aos 9, 23, 38 e 68 dias apresentaram regressão dos sinais nervosos e não apresentaram lesões cardíacas, sugerindo que a planta é menos tóxica na primavera do que no outono. Os ovinos do Grupo 3, que receberam T. multiglandulosa seca e moída misturada à ração na dose de 10 g/kg durante 11 dias e foram eutanasiados aos 33, 33, 92 e 92 dias, apresentaram regressão dos sinais nervosos e as lesões cardíacas aos 92 dias foram menos severas que aos 33 dias. Esses resultados demonstraram que as lesões do sistema nervoso central são reversíveis após o fim da ingestão. Pelo contrário as lesões cardíacas são progressivas após o fim da ingestão, ocorrendo regressão somente após um período se os animais não apresentarem sinais clínicos e morte. Os resultados deste e de outros trabalhos, analisados em conjunto, comprovam que as lesões do sistema nervoso ocorrem com doses menores e em menor tempo do que as lesões cardíacas. Isto sugere que, em casos espontâneos, sempre que se observam lesões cardíacas estas são precedidas por sinais nervosos e podem ocorrer sinais nervosos sem evidências de lesões cardíacas.

To determine the reversibility of neurological and cardiac lesions in Ateleia glazioviana and Tetrapterys multiglandulosa poisoning, 3 groups of four sheep each were fed orally with the plants. In Group 1, 2 and 3, when sheep with nervous signs showed considerable increase of symptoms and risk of death, the plant administration was suspended. Group 4 with two sheep was used as control. Sheep from Group 1, fed 10g/kg during 6 days of fresh A. glazioviana collected in autumn were euthanized 8, 11, 16, and 21 days after the start of the experiment; they had shown regression of nervous signs, but had progressive cardiac lesions. Sheep from Group 2, fed during 8 days the same dose of fresh A. glazioviana collected in spring, were euthanized on days 9, 23, 38 and 68; they had shown regression of nervous signs and had no cardiac lesions. This suggests that the plant is less toxic in spring. Sheep from Group 3, fed 10g/kg during 11 days dry and ground T. multiglandulosa mixed with concentrated food, were euthanized on days 33, 33, 92 and 92; they had shown regression of nervous signs, and cardiac lesions were less severe on day 33 than on day 92. These results indicate that nervous lesions are reversible after the end of feeding, but cardiac lesions are progressive after discontinuation of the plant administration; these can be afterwards reversible if the animals do not anymore show clinical signs or die as a consequence of the poisoning. Results of those and previous experiments show that lesions of the nervous system are induced by lower doses than cardiac lesions and occur within a shorter period, what suggests that in spontaneous cases cardiac signs are always preceded by nervous signs, and that nervous signs can occur in the absence of cardiac lesions.

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14.

Colorimetric test for the monitoring of microcystins in cyanobacterial culture and environmental samples from southeast - Brazil
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Almeida, Vanessa P.S.

; Cogo, Karina

; Tsai, Siu M.

; Moon, David H.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Jun 2006, Volume 37 Nº 2 Páginas 192 - 198

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Microcistinas (MC) são heptapeptídeos de ação neuro e hepatotóxica produzidas por alguns gêneros de cianobactérias em determinadas condições físico-químicas do ambiente e são responsáveis pela morte e intoxicação de animais e humanos. A detecção de MC em água destinada ao consumo no Brasil ainda não é realizada na maioria dos estados brasileiros. O teste de inibição de proteína fosfatase tipo 1 (PP1) por MC é um método colorimétrico simples, rápido e de boa reprodutibilidade. Para testar a aplicação do teste PP1 foram realizados estudos de crescimento de cianobactérias em bioreator com meio ASM-1 dentro de condições controladas de crescimento (12/12h luz/escuro usando 30 miE.m².s-1 de intensidade luminosa e temperatura constante de 23C) utilizando Microcystis aeruginosa (estirpe 1., UFRJ- produtor de MC). Variaram-se as concentrações de fósforo (P) em 24, 6 e 4 miM e de ferro (Fe) em 4 e 1mM. Uma curva padrão de inibição de PP1 pela MC-LR foi construída, tendo como limite de detecção 0.01 ng.mL-1. Em meio normal de crescimento (24 miM P e 4 miM Fe) para Microcystis aeruginosa, a produção de MC foi detectada continuamente durante o crescimento da cultura. A maior concentração de MC foi observada na concentração de 6 miM P e não foi detectada na concentração de 1 miM Fe. Amostras de florações ambientais, da região sudeste do Brasil (Belo Horizonte/MG), coletadas em corpos d'água utilizados para abastecimento e consumo humano, foram testadas e quantificadas para a presença de microcistina pelo teste colorimétrico PP1. A concentração de microcistina variou entre quantidades não detectáveis pelo método até 100 ng.mL-1 em amostras de floração da espécie Microcistis flos-aquae.

Microcystins are hepatotoxic heptapeptides produced by some cyanobacterial genera under determined physico-chemical conditions in the environment, which are responsible for the intoxication and death of animals and humans. The detection of microcystins in potable water or recreational water is not carried out routinely in the majority of Brazilian states. The protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibition test is a simple, rapid and reproducible colorimetric method. The applicability of the PP1 inhibition test was tested using Microcystis aeruginosa (strain 1, UFRJ- toxin producer) grown under controlled light and temperature condition (12/12h light/dark using 30 muE.m².s-1 at 23ºC) in a bioreactor. The total concentrations of P (24, 6 and 4 muM) and Fe (4 and 1 muM) were varied in ASM-1medium and their effects on the growth rates and toxin production were analyzed. A standard curve of PP1 inhibition by microcystin-LR reached detection limit of 0.01 ng.mL-1. Under the highest concentrations of P (24 muM) and Fe (4 muM), the production of microcystin was detected throughout the growth experiment. The highest concentration of microcystin was observed at 6 muM P while at 1 muM Fe, PP1 inhibition was not detected. Samples from environmental blooms in water reservoirs used for human and animal consumption, from southeast Brazil (Belo Horizonte/MG), were tested and quantified for microcystin presence by the PP1 colorimetric test. The concentration of microcystin varied from undetectable to 100 ng.mL-1 in the environmental samples with Microcistis flos-aquae as the predominant cyanobacterial strain.

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15.

Hemodynamic parameters and neurogenic pulmonary edema following spinal cord injury: an experimental model
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Leal Filho, Manoel Baldoino

; Morandin, Rosana C.

; Almeida, Amanda R. de

; Cambiucci, Elizabeth C.

; Metze, Konradin

; Borges, Guilherme

; Gontijo, José Antonio Rocha

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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Dez 2005, Volume 63 Nº 4 Páginas 990 - 996

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Edema pulmonar neurogênico é complicação séria e aumenta o risco de vida em pacientes com várias lesões do sistema nervoso central. Apresentamos uma experiência com 58 ratos Wistar machos e adultos. Foram formados dois grupos: controle (n=4) e experimental (n=54). O grupo experimental sofreu trauma raquimedular torácico médio com o cateter-balão de Fogarty contendo 20µL de salina por 5, 15, 30 ou 60 segundos de compressão. Os ratos foram anestesiados com pentobarbital sódico (p.s.), 60 mg/Kg intraperitoneal (i.p.). Foi investigada a relação entre a lesão medular e o tempo de compressão. A evolução neurológica foi quantificada e apresentada com 4, 24 e 48 horas da compressão para caracterizar a graduação da lesão nos diferentes grupos. A pior evolução ocorreu com 60 segundos de compressão. Seis animais morreram subitamente com edema pulmonar. Vinte ratos foram randomicamente distribuídos em um dos seguintes grupos: controle (1, n=4, anestesiados com p.s. i.p., 60 mg/Kg, mas sem compressão) e experimental (2, n=7, anestesiados com xilasina 10 mg/Kg e ketamina 75 mg/Kg) e (3, n=9, anestesiados com p.s. i.p., 60 mg/Kg). O índice pulmonar (100 x peso pulmonar / peso corporal) foi 0,395 ± 0,018 no grupo controle, 0,499 ± 0,060 no grupo 2, e 0,639 ± 0,14 no grupo 3. O exame histológico da medula espinhal mostrou rupturas no parênquima e hemorragia aguda. Comparando-se o índice pulmonar com o índice morfométrico através da microscopia óptica, evidenciou-se que ocorreu edema intra-alveolar relevante para índices acima de 0,55. A presente experiência sugere que o edema pulmonar induzido pela compressão medular é de natureza neurogênica e que o tipo de anestesia utilizada no experimento poderia ter participação na gênesis do edema pulmonar.

Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a serious and always life-threatening complication following several lesions of the central nervous system. We report an experiment with 58 Wistar-Hanover adult male rats. Two groups were formed: control (n=4) and experimental (n=54). The experimental group sustained acute midthoracic spinal cord injury by Fogarty’s balloon-compression technique containing 20µL of saline for 5, 15, 30 or 60 seconds. The rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal (i.p.) sodium pentobarbital (s.p.) 60 mg/Kg. The quantitative neurological outcome was presented at 4, 24 and 48 hours from compression to characterize the injury graduation in different groups. Poor outcome occurred with 60 seconds of compression. Six animals died suddenly with pulmonary edema. Using the procedure to investigate the pulmonary edema during 60 seconds of compression, followed by decompression and time-course of 60 seconds, 20 rats were randomly asigned to one of the following groups: control (1, n=4, anesthetized by i.p. s.p., 60 mg/Kg but without compression) and experimental (2, n=7, anesthetized by i.p. xylazine 10 mg/Kg and ketamine 75 mg/Kg) and (3, n=9, anesthetized by i.p. s.p., 60 mg/Kg). The pulmonary index (100 x wet lung weight / body weight) was 0.395 ± 0.018 in control group, rose to 0.499 ± 0.060 in group 2, and was 0.639 ± 0.14 in group 3. Histologic examination of the spinal cord showed parenchymal ruptures and acute hemorrhage. Comparison of the pulmonary index with morphometric evaluation of edema fluid-filled alveoli by light microscopy showed that relevant intra-alveolar edema occurred only for index values above 0.55. The results suggest that the pulmonary edema induced by spinal compression is of neurogenic nature and that the type of anesthesia used might be important for the genesis of lung edema.

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