Nematode is a major problem in agriculture, the effective way to control this pest is through chemical control, but the efficient molecules present in the market have great toxicity to mammals and birds. Thus, there is a constant demand for the development of new nematicide molecules. This study describes the synthesis of 21 novel esters derived from norbornadiene and evaluation of their potential activity against Meloidogyne javanica. The esters 5-25 presented 50% mortality of the nematodes. The acid 3 and the ester 4 caused 96 and 93% mortality of the nematodes, respectively. The lethal concentration to kill 50% of the nematodes (LD50) were determined as being 11.8 µg mL-1 for the acid 3 and 99.4 µg mL-1 for the ester 4. According to the results obtained it is believed that polarity seems to be a key factor for the higher activity of compound 3 compared to structurally similar ester derivatives.

Resumo Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um patógeno oportunista capaz de formar biofilmes de grande relevância para a microbiologia médica e para a indústria de alimentos. Os constituintes do óleo essencial (OE) têm sido pesquisados como novas alternativas para o controle do biofilme. Neste estudo, o cinamaldeído mostrou-se eficaz como OE contra células planctônicas de cepas de P. aeruginosa (p < 0,05) e foi então utilizado para a preparação de soluções sanitizantes que, por sua vez, foram testadas contra biofilmes de P. aeruginosa formados em superfície de aço inoxidável. Cinamaldeído mostrou atividade antibacteriana contra células sésseis de P. aeruginosa (p < 0,05). Para a estirpe ATCC 9027, foi obtida uma eliminação de células bacterianas viáveis em 100% (5,87 log-redução), após tratamento com a solução 6xMIC (0,06% Concentração Inibitória Mínima). As soluções sanitizantes de cinamaldeído podem ser novas alternativas para o controle dessas comunidades sésseis microbianas na indústria alimentícia.

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of forming biofilms of great relevance to medical microbiology and the food industry. Essential oil (EOs) constituents have been researched as new strategies for the control of biofilms. In the present study cinnamaldehyde was shown to be an effective EO against the planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa strains (p < 0.05). Thus it was used to prepare sanitizing solutions, which were tested against P. aeruginosa biofilms formed on stainless steel surfaces. Cinnamaldehyde showed antibacterial activity against sessile P. aeruginosa cells (p < 0.05). A 100% (5.87 log-reduction) elimination of viable bacterial cells was obtained after treatment with a 6xMIC (0.06% Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) solution for the strain ATCC 9027. Sanitizing cinnamaldehyde solutions can be used as new alternatives to control such microbial sessile communities in food industries.

ABSTRACT The physical, physiological and biochemical changes during the development until the dispersal of rubber tree seeds were evaluated with the purpose of estimating the point at physiological maturity. A total of 30 plants were selected at different points in a commercial planting area and had their flowers marked during the anthesis and every 15 days after marking. Fruits and seeds were collected for analysis of moisture content, dry matter, diameter and length. Details of the anatomy ultra-structure of the seeds were evaluated. The seed emergence, emergency speed index, heat resistant proteins and oxidative stress enzymes were examined. It was observed that fruits reached maximum size at 120 days after anthesis and seeds at 150 days. The seeds acquired germination capacity after 150 days. At 175 days, they presented the highest percentage of dry matter and lowest moisture, in addition to a higher percentage of germination and vigor. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the physiological maturity of the rubber tree seeds occurs at 175 days after anthesis, and coincides with its maximum physiological quality. At 175 and 180 days post-anthesis, there is a greater expression of heat resistant proteins as well as low molecular weight and greater oxidative stress enzyme activity.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da dermatite atópica (DA) sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes pediátricos e de seus familiares, estabelecendo correlações com escores de severidade da doença. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional com correlação entre indicador clínico de gravidade e dois questionários sobre qualidade de vida: o Índice de Qualidade de Vida da Dermatite Atópica em Crianças (IDQOL) e o Impacto da Dermatite Atópica na Família (DFI). O estudo incluiu também um escore de gravidade do eczema (Índice de Gravidade do Eczema por Área). Foram investigadas 42 crianças com DA e 44 crianças com outras dermatoses em relação ao impacto do eczema na qualidade de vida. Na análise de correlação, utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson, e a comparação entre os dois grupos foi realizada através do teste de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: A análise dos dados demonstrou significativa diferença entre a pontuação dos dois grupos. A média de pontuação no grupo com DA foi de 9,2 (variando de 1 a 19) para o IDQOL e de 8,5 (variando de 0 a 17) para o DFI. Os domínios mais comprometidos no IDQOL foram os relativos ao prurido, alterações de humor e problemas com o tratamento. Quanto ao DFI, os domínios de maior impacto foram os relacionados a despesas com o tratamento e a perturbação do sono de membros da família. CONCLUSÕES: A DA interfere negativamente na qualidade de vida dos pacientes pediátricos e dos seus familiares. Dados obtidos nos estudos de qualidade de vida em DA devem nortear a prática clínica de modo a individualizar as estratégias de tratamento e levar à adoção de medidas que possam minimizar o impacto da doença sobre pacientes e familiares.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the impact of atopic dermatitis (AD) on the quality of life of pediatric patients and their families, establishing correlations with scores of disease severity. METHODS: This was an observational study of the correlations between clinical indicators of severity and two questionnaires on quality of life: IDQOL and DFI. The study also included scoring of eczema severity - EASI. Forty-two children with AD, fulfilling established diagnostic criteria, and 44 children with other dermatologic diseases were investigated for the effect of eczema on quality of life. Pearson's correlation was used for the correlation analysis and the comparison between the groups was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Data analysis demonstrated significant differences between the scores for the two groups. The mean score in the eczema group was 9.2 (range 1-19) for IDQOL and 8.5 (range 0-17) for DFI. The highest scoring questions for IDQOL referred to itching and scratching, mood changes and problems caused by treatment. For the FDI, the highest impact domains were treatment-related expenditure and sleep disturbance affecting family members. CONCLUSIONS: AD has a negative impact on the quality of life of pediatric patients and their families. Data obtained in studies of quality of life in AD should be used to guide clinical practice in order to identify individual treatment strategies and should lead to the adoption of measures to reduce the impact of the disease on patients and their families.

Mixtures of α-Santonin and various solvents were irradiated by either high or low pressure mercury lamps. The photochemical reactions afforded lumisantonin (11) (76% in acetonitrile), (3S,3aS,9bS)-3,6,6-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydronafto[1,2-b]furan-2,7(6H,9bH)dione (12) (100% in acetonitrile), 10α-acetoxy-3-oxo-1,7αH,6,11βH-guaia-4-en-6,12-olide (8) (26% in acetic acid), 10α-hydroxy-3-oxo-1,7αH,6,11βH-guaia-4-en-6,12-olide (10) (32%) and (E)-3-((3S,3aS,7aS)-3-methyl-2-oxo-6-(propan-2-ylidene)hexahydrobenzofuran-7-(7aH)-ylidene)propanoic acid (9) (44%) (in water/ acetic acid 1:1, v/v). Lactone 12 was also prepared by irradiation of lumisantonin in diethyl ether. Lactones 8 and 10 were converted, respectively, into the 10α-acetoxy-3β-hydroxy-1,7αH,6,11βH-guaia-4-en-6,12-olide (13) (87%) and 3β,10α-dihydroxy-1,7αH,6,11βH-guaia-4-en-6,12-olide (14) (75%) by sodium borohydride reduction. The effects of the compounds on the development of radicle of Sorghum bicolor and Cucumis sativus were evaluated.

Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um novo programa para o sistema especialista SISTEMAT, denominado de SISTAX. Este programa permite aos interessados em quimiotaxonomia realizar uma "pesquisa inteligente" de substâncias orgânicas em bancos de dados através de estruturas químicas. Quando acoplado com um eficiente sistema de códigos, este programa reconhece tipos de esqueletos e pode encontrar quaisquer restrições subestruturais solicitadas pelo usuário. Um exemplo da aplicação do programa para diterpenos encontrados em plantas é descrito.

This work describes the development of a new program, named SISTAX, for the expert system SISTEMAT. This program allows anyone interested in chemotaxonomy to carry out an intelligent search for organic compounds in databases through chemical structures. When coupled with can efficient encoding system, the program recognizes skeletal types and can find any substructural constraints demanded by the user. An example of an application of the program to the diterpene class found in plants is described.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os valores de referência utilizados no Brasil, para chumbo em sangue, advêm de estudos realizados em outros países onde as condições socioeconômicas, clínicas, nutricionais e ocupacionais diferem bastante das brasileiras. Para garantir uma correta biomonitorização da população ocupacionalmente exposta ao chumbo, um dos principais problemas identificados no município estudado, foram estabelecidos valores de referência na população não exposta ocupacionalmente da região sul do município. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Diferentes estratégias foram utilizadas para assegurar a qualidade de amostragem, que foi dimensionada em 206 sujeitos acima de 15 anos. Sujeitos que apresentaram valores clínicos e laboratoriais fora da faixa de normalidade foram excluídos, bem como os que apresentaram atividades específicas que pudessem interferir nos valores de plumbemia. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados valores de referência para chumbo em sangue de 2,4 a 16,6 mg.dL-1, obtidos através do intervalo <img src="http:/img/fbpe/rsp/v31n2/image896.gif" alt="Image896.gif (851 bytes)" align="bottom"> ± 2s (onde <img src="http:/img/fbpe/rsp/v31n2/image896.gif" alt="Image896.gif (851 bytes)" align="bottom"> é o valor médio e s é o desvio-padrão dos valores observados) e mediana = 7,9 µg.dL-1.

INTRODUCTION: The lead reference values for blood used in Brazil come from studies conducted in other countries, where socioeconomic, clinical, nutritional and occupational conditions are significantly different. In order to guarantee an accurate biomonitoring of the population which is occupationally exposed to lead, a major health concern of the studied community, reference values for individuals who are not occupationally exposed and who live in the southern region of the city were established. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The sample was composed of 206 subjects of at least 15 years of age. Various strategies were employed to assure good-quality sampling. Subjects who presented values outside clinical or laboratory norms were excluded, as well as those whose specific activities might interfere with the results. RESULTS: Lead reference values for blood were found to be from 2.40 to 16.6 µg.dL-1, obtained by the interval <img src="http:/img/fbpe/rsp/v31n2/image896.gif" alt="Image896.gif (851 bytes)" align="bottom"> ± 2s (where <img src="http:/img/fbpe/rsp/v31n2/image896.gif" alt="Image896.gif (851 bytes)" align="bottom"> is the mean and s is the standard deviation form observed values) and the median was 7.9 µg.dL-1.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os valores de referência utilizados no Brasil, para chumbo em sangue, advêm de estudos realizados em outros países onde as condições socioeconômicas, clínicas, nutricionais e ocupacionais diferem bastante das brasileiras. Para garantir uma correta biomonitorização da população ocupacionalmente exposta ao chumbo, um dos principais problemas identificados no município estudado, foram estabelecidos valores de referência na população não exposta ocupacionalmente da região sul do município. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Diferentes estratégias foram utilizadas para assegurar a qualidade de amostragem, que foi dimensionada em 206 sujeitos acima de 15 anos. Sujeitos que apresentaram valores clínicos e laboratoriais fora da faixa de normalidade foram excluídos, bem como os que apresentaram atividades específicas que pudessem interferir nos valores de plumbemia. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados valores de referência para chumbo em sangue de 2,4 a 16,6 mg.dL-1, obtidos através do intervalo <img src="http:/img/fbpe/rsp/v31n2/image896.gif" alt="Image896.gif (851 bytes)" align="bottom"> ± 2s (onde <img src="http:/img/fbpe/rsp/v31n2/image896.gif" alt="Image896.gif (851 bytes)" align="bottom"> é o valor médio e s é o desvio-padrão dos valores observados) e mediana = 7,9 µg.dL-1.

INTRODUCTION: The lead reference values for blood used in Brazil come from studies conducted in other countries, where socioeconomic, clinical, nutritional and occupational conditions are significantly different. In order to guarantee an accurate biomonitoring of the population which is occupationally exposed to lead, a major health concern of the studied community, reference values for individuals who are not occupationally exposed and who live in the southern region of the city were established. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The sample was composed of 206 subjects of at least 15 years of age. Various strategies were employed to assure good-quality sampling. Subjects who presented values outside clinical or laboratory norms were excluded, as well as those whose specific activities might interfere with the results. RESULTS: Lead reference values for blood were found to be from 2.40 to 16.6 µg.dL-1, obtained by the interval <img src="http:/img/fbpe/rsp/v31n2/image896.gif" alt="Image896.gif (851 bytes)" align="bottom"> ± 2s (where <img src="http:/img/fbpe/rsp/v31n2/image896.gif" alt="Image896.gif (851 bytes)" align="bottom"> is the mean and s is the standard deviation form observed values) and the median was 7.9 µg.dL-1.