ABSTRACT High-production cows require facilities providing comfortable environments to enhance production efficiency and sustain milk quality. This study evaluated the impact of climatizing the feeding area post-morning and afternoon milking on environmental variables, thermal comfort indices, and the yield and quality of milk in lactating Girolando cows. The experiment followed a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four treatments across four experimental periods, using four cows per treatment. The post-milking climate control treatments included: shading; shading + ventilation; shading + ventilation + shower; and an evaporative adiabatic cooling system. The evaporative adiabatic cooling system proved most effective in maintaining thermal conditions near the comfort level for dairy cows, as indicated by lower thermal comfort indices. This system also enhanced morning and overall milk production. However, the climate control systems did not significantly affect the contents of protein, fat, or lactose in the milk.

RESUMO As vacas de alta produção necessitam de instalações que ofereçam ambientes amenos, para que ocorra aumento da sua eficiência produtiva e manutenção da qualidade do leite. Dessa forma, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da climatização da área de alimentação após o período das ordenhas matutina e vespertina sobre as variáveis ambientais, índices de conforto térmico, produtividade e qualidade do leite de vacas girolando em lactação. Foi utilizado o delineamento em quadrado latino 4 × 4, com quatro tratamentos e quatro períodos experimentais, com quatro animais por tratamento, totalizando 16 repetições. Os tratamentos foram os sistemas de climatização na pós-ordenha: sombreamento; sombreamento + ventilação; sombreamento+ ventilação+ ducha e sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo. O sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo aumenta a produção leiteira na ordenha da manhã e na produção total. Os teores de proteína, gordura e lactose não foram influenciados pelos sistemas de climatização estudados.

A novel class of potential herbicides, 3-indolylglycines, was synthesized using an effective, green and rapid approach via multicomponent reaction (aza-Friedel-Crafts) between indoles, aldehydes and anilines in a water/sodium dodecyl sulfate system. The main advantages of this methodology are ease of handling, scalable to gram scale and a metal-free approach. The reaction is compatible with a variety of functional groups, obtaining the desired products in moderate to excellent yields. The biological activity of the 3-indolylglycines was evaluated, and it was found that these compounds interfere with the germination and radicle growth of Lactuca sativa, mainly the compound 4k.

Phenylphosphonates of zinc (Zn-PPh), calcium (Ca-PPh) and magnesium (Mg-PPh) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Samples showed characteristic X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of layered compounds with basal spacing in the range of 14-15 Å. According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), all compositions showed the presence of characteristic bands attributed to phenyl aromatic rings, phosphonate and lattice metal-oxygen (M-O) vibrations. Different concentrations of phenylphosphonate particles were applied to stabilize water-in-oil Pickering emulsions using vaseline oil in different w/o fractions. The three particle types showed greater affinity for the oil phase (wettability) and the ability to stabilize the emulsions via the Pickering effect. Ca-PPh particles contained a greater emulsified fraction after 20 days of evaluation. This result can be attributed to the particle morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fibrous morphology of Ca-PPh particles is believed to increase the steric hindrance effect at the surface around the droplets, while the Zn-PPh and Mg-PPh layered particles tended to form clusters.

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study is to determine whether previous shoulder and knee injuries were associated with isokinetic fatigue index and agonist/antagonist ratio of shoulder internal/external rotators and knee flexors/extensors in male volleyball athletes. Methods The current study is a cross-sectional investigation of 49 male elite volleyball players competing at a high level in Brazil. Isokinetic fatigue index and agonist/antagonist profiles were assessed during the preseason. Additionally, in order to record previous injuries, the athletes answered a standardized questionnaire. We conducted a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the association strength and the clinically relevant cut-off point for variables presenting statistical significance for the area under the curve (AUC) (α = 0.05). An independent t-test was used to compare isokinetic variables between athletes with and without previous injury (α = 0.05). Results The results of the ROC curve analysis indicated that hamstring fatigue index values at 300o/s were associated with the presence of previous knee injury (area under the curve [AUC] = 73%, p= 0.004), and shoulder external rotators fatigue index values at 360°/s were not associated with the presence of previous shoulder injury (AUC = 68%, p= 0.053). Conclusions Elite volleyball athletes who reported previous knee injuries were prone to a higher fatigue index than those reporting no injuries. Knee flexor resistance training might be useful for those athletes who reported knee injuries in the previous season.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é determinar se lesões prévias de ombro e joelho estavam associadas ao índice de fadiga isocinética e razão agonista/antagonista dos rotadores internos/externos do ombro e flexores/extensores do joelho em jogadores de voleibol. Métodos Esta é uma investigação transversal com 49 jogadores de voleibol de elite que competem em alto nível no Brasil. O índice de fadiga isocinética e os perfis de agonistas/antagonistas foram avaliados durante a pré-temporada. Além disso, para registro de lesões anteriores, os atletas responderam a um questionário padronizado. Conduzimos uma análise da curva de característica de operação do receptor (receiver operating characteristic, ROC) para determinar a força de associação e o ponto de corte clinicamente relevante de variáveis com significância estatística na área sob a curva (AUC) (α = 0,05). Um teste t independente comparou as variáveis isocinéticas entre atletas com e sem lesão prévia (α = 0,05). Resultados Os resultados da análise da curva ROC indicam que os valores do índice de fadiga dos isquiotibiais a 300o/s foram associados à presença de lesão prévia no joelho (área soba a curva [AUC] = 73%, p= 0,004), enquanto os valores do índice de fadiga dos rotadores externos do ombro a 360°/s não foram associados à presença de lesão prévia no ombro (AUC = 68%, p= 0.053). Conclusões Atletas de voleibol de elite que relataram lesões anteriores no joelho estavam propensos a um índice de fadiga maior do que aqueles que não relataram lesões. O treinamento de resistência de flexores do joelho pode ser útil para atletas com relatos de lesões no joelho na temporada anterior.

The aim of the current study was the valorization of hesperidin, the dominant flavonoid in citrus processing waste, by microwave-assisted synthesis of hesperidin-Mg complex, improving its antioxidant activity and insecticidal potential. Here we show, for the first time, that microwave-assisted synthesis of [Mg(hesp)2(phen)]OAc (1) (hesp: hesperidin, phen: phenanthroline) improve the reaction rate and yield. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments proved to be powerful tools for the identification of three isomers in metal complexes. Moreover, we explore the insecticidal potential of 1 and [Mg(phen)2(Isov)]OAc (2) (Isov : isovanillic acid) complexes against three insects. Complex 1 killed 80% of adults whitefly at 0.14 μmol L-1, and 2 76% at 0.36 μmol L-1. There was a total mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda with 2 at 0.39 μmol L-1, and 83% with 1 at 0.14 μmol L-1. Both have similar activity, and represent a novel group of insecticide for Bemisia tabaci and S. frugiperda; nevertheless, the benefits of both as Myzus persicae repellent require further evaluation.

Abstract The oxidation and deposition of transition metal oxides on porous carbon precursor materials strongly influence the final performance of supercapacitor electrodes. Thus, the influence of oxidation time combined with simple iron oxide deposition was evaluated on a flexible carbon fiber cloth electrode oxidized at three different times and exposed to spontaneous iron oxide deposition. The 140 minutes oxidation time increased by two times the iron quantity deposited on the activated carbon fiber cloth (ACC) and also increased the crystallinity of the carbon matrix. The iron oxide deposition improved the contribution of anions to store energy, enhancing the pseudocapacitive effect in the samples. The optimal oxidation time of the ACC140_Fe sample with the greater iron oxide deposition achieves 116.8 F g-1. The binder-free flexible electrode presents a successful design through pre-oxidation and spontaneous iron oxide deposition on the carbon matrix without expensive and environmentally unfriendly chemical treatments.

Resumo Helmintos são endoparasitas que infectam uma variedade de espécies de aves. As infecções por endoparasitas podem causar doenças graves, podendo matar aves em cativeiro e representam um problema de manutenção e conservação. Os ovos e as formas larvais desses parasitas são geralmente eliminados nas fezes do hospedeiro. O principal objetivo deste estudo é relatar a ocorrência de ovos e oocistos em fezes de aves silvestres em cativeiro no Zoológico de Goiânia e em aves de vida livre em seu entorno. As amostras fecais foram submetidas a exame parasitológico para identificação da presença de helmintos e classificação dos ovos com base nas características morfológicas. Ovos de nematóides (Positivo/N) foram identificados como Ascaridia spp. em Brotogeris chiriri (2/2), Dromaius novaehollandiae (1/1) e Rhea americana (2/2); Ascarididae em Pavo cristatus nigripensis (1/1); Capillaria spp. em Ara chloropterus (1/1) e Penelope jacucaca (1/1); Capillaria plagiaticia em Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (1/2) e Ara spp. (2/2); Capillaria venusta em Rhamphastus tucanus (1/2); e ovos de nematóide não identificado de Amazona amazonica (2/2). Oocistos de Eimeria spp. foram encontrados nas fezes de A. hyacinthinus (1/2). Considerando pássaros de vida livre, ovos de Diphyllobothrium spp. foram encontrados em Ardea alba (2/2) e Nycticorax nycticorax (2/3). Coinfecção de Eustrongylides spp. foi encontradada em A. alba (1/2). Esta é a primeira ocorrência de: Ascaridia spp. parasitando B. chiriri; e C. venusta parasitando R. tucanus. Em conclusão, os ovos de helmintos encontrados nas espécies de aves hospedeiras acima mencionadas são consistentes com os relatados na literatura, e os protocolos de tratamento e controle foram baseados em sua identificação.

Abstract Helminths are endoparasites that infect a variety of bird species. Endoparasite infections can cause severe diseases, including kill captive avian hosts and represents a problem to maintenance and conservation. The eggs and larval forms of these parasites are usually eliminated in the host feces. The main interest of this study is to report the occurrence of eggs and oocysts in feces from captive wild birds in Goiânia Zoo and free-living birds in its surroundings. The fecal samples were subjected to parasitological examination to identify the presence of helminths and to classify their eggs based on morphological characteristics. Eggs of nematode parasites (Positive/N) were identified as Ascaridia spp. in Brotogeris chiriri (2/2), Dromaius novaehollandiae (1/1) and Rhea americana (2/2); Ascarididae in Pavo cristatus nigripensis (1/1); Capillaria spp. in Ara chloropterus (1/1) and Penelope jacucaca (1/1); Capillaria plagiaticia in Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (1/2) and Ara spp. (2/2); Capillaria venusta in Rhamphastus tucanus (1/2); and unidentified nematode eggs from Amazona amazonica (2/2). Eimeria spp. oocyst was founded in feces from A. hyacinthinus (1/2). Considering free-living birds, Diphyllobothrium spp. eggs were founded in Ardea alba (2/2) and Nycticorax nycticorax (2/3). Co-infection of Eustrongylides spp. was founded in A. alba (1/2). This is the first occurrence of: Ascaridia spp. parasitizing B. chiriri; and C. venusta parasitizing R. tucanus. In conclusion, the helminth eggs found in the abovementioned host bird species are consistent with those reported in the literature, and treatment and control protocols were based on their identification.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a morfologia interna de sementes de Campomanesia pubescens (Mart. ex DC.) O.Berg com diferentes teores de água por meio de análise de imagens de raios-X, e correlacionar as imagens com a germinação dessas sementes. Os frutos foram coletados no município de Jataí, Goiás, Brasil, e levados ao Laboratório de Sementes do Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, onde foram processados e as sementes foram extraídas. Para estabelecer o teor de água predeterminado (43%, 37%, 34%, 31% e 28% base úmida), as sementes com um teor inicial de água de 43% foram mantidas em estufa com circulação de ar induzida, a uma temperatura de 40 °C até atingirem os níveis de conteúdo de água predeterminados. Em seguida, as sementes foram colocadas em suportes acrílicos com fita dupla face e transportadas para a Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), onde foram expostas a diferentes intensidades de radiação. O teste de raios-X foi realizado com 200 sementes por tratamento, e imagens das estruturas internas das sementes foram avaliadas. As sementes foram devolvidas ao Laboratório de Sementes do Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, onde foi iniciado o teste de germinação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (5 × 4), no qual foram encontrados cinco níveis de umidade e quatro classes de sementes, com quatro repetições. O teste de raios-X foi eficiente na identificação de sementes preenchidas, malformadas, danificadas e vazias, com taxas de germinação acima dos 50% nas sementes cheias. Essa visualização das morfologia interna da semente pode ser útil para selecionar sementes de melhor qualidade, melhorando a porcentagem de germinação das sementes de C. pubescens.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal morphology of seeds of Campomanesia pubescens (Mart. ex DC.) O. Berg with varying water content through X-ray image analysis, and correlate the images with the germination of these seeds. Fruits were collected in Jataí, Goiás, Brazil, and taken to the Seed Laboratory of the Federal Institute Goiano, Rio Verde Campus, where they were processed and the seeds were extracted. To establish the predetermined water content (43%, 37%, 34%, 31%, and 28% wet basis), seeds with an initial water content of 43% were kept in an oven with forced air circulation at a temperature of 40 °C until they reached the predetermined water content levels. Next, the seeds were placed in acrylic holders with double-sided tape and transported to the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), where they were exposed to different intensities of radiation. The X-ray test was conducted with 200 seeds per treatment, and images of the internal structures of the seeds were evaluated. The seeds were returned to the Seed Laboratory of the Federal Institute Goiano, Rio Verde Campus, where the germination test was initiated. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial design (5 × 4), in which there were five water content levels and four seed classes, with four replications. The X-ray test was efficient in the identification of filled, malformed, damaged and empty seeds, which germination rate above 50% in the filled seeds. This visualization of the internal morphology of the seed can be useful to select seeds of better quality, improving the percentage of germination of C. pubescens seeds.

Resumo Fundamento: O tabagismo geralmente está associado à hipertensão e pode modificar a resposta vasoconstritora. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar e comparar a interação do tabagismo passivo e hipertensão sobre os efeitos da epinefrina e felipressina na pressão arterial após injeção intravascular. Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos de 45 dias tiveram a artéria renal principal esquerda parcialmente obstruída e o rim direito removido (modelo 1K1C). Os ratos foram colocados na câmara para exposição ao tabagismo passivo (10 cigarros) durante 10 minutos (6 dias por semana). Ratos hipertensos receberam atenolol (90 mg/kg/dia) por gavagem durante duas semanas. A resposta hipotensora e hipertensiva, a duração da resposta e a frequência cardíaca foram registradas a partir da medida dos valores diretos da pressão arterial. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: O tabagismo passivo aumentou a resposta hipertensiva máxima à epinefrina em ratos normotensos e ratos 1K1C tratados com atenolol e à felipressina apenas em ratos 1K1C tratados com atenolol; também reduziu a resposta hipotensiva à epinefrina. A epinefrina aumentou a frequência cardíaca em ratos fumantes passivos ou não-fumantes, normotensos e hipertensos. Comparando os dois vasoconstritores, a epinefrina apresentou maior resposta hipertensiva em fumantes normotensos, ratos 1K1C fumantes e não fumantes tratados com atenolol. No entanto, em ratos normotensos e não fumantes, a felipressina apresentou um efeito hipertensivo maior e mais prolongado. Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que o tabagismo passivo pode reduzir a vasodilatação da epinefrina e aumentar a resposta hipertensiva quando comparado à felipressina. Portanto, a felipressina pode ser segura para pacientes hipertensos, com o objetivo de evitar a interação entre taquicardia e atenolol, mas para pacientes normotensos e não-fumantes, a epinefrina pode ser mais segura que a felipressina.

Abstract Background: Cigarette smoking is usually associated with hypertension and may modify vasoconstrictor response. Objective: The present study aimed to analyze and compare the interaction of passive cigarette smoking and hypertension on epinephrine and felypressin blood pressure effects after intravascular injection. Method: 45-day male Wistar rats had the main left renal artery partially constricted and the right kidney removed (1K1C model). Rats were placed in the chamber for exposition to passive cigarette smoking (10 cigarettes) during 10 min (6 days a week). Hypertensive rats received atenolol (90 mg/kg/day) by gavage for two weeks. Hypotensive and hypertensive response, response duration and heart rate were recorded from direct blood pressure values. The significance level was 5%. Results: Passive cigarette smoking increased maximal hypertensive response to epinephrine in normotensive and 1K1C-atenolol treated rats and to felypressin only in 1K1C-atenolol treated rats; it also reduced epinephrine hypotensive response. Epinephrine increased heart rate in normotensive and hypertensive passive smokers or non-smoker rats. Comparing the two vasoconstrictors, epinephrine showed greater hypertensive response in normotensive smokers, 1K1C-atenolol treated smokers and non-smokers. However, in normotensive-nonsmoker rats, felypressin showed a greater and longer hypertensive effect. Conclusions: Our results suggest that passive cigarette smoking may reduce epinephrine vasodilation and increase hypertensive response when compared to felypressin. Therefore, felypressin may be safe for hypertensive patients to avoid tachycardia and atenolol interaction, but for normotensive and non-smoker patients, epinephrine may be safer than felypressin.

Neutral static alignment, normal movement and a satisfactory segmental interrelationship are described as significant factors in normal asymptomatic function and, when altered, increase the risk of lesions in the lower limbs. It is important to focus on the early identification of joint misalignments. Thus, the present study aims at developing, validating the content developed and confirming the reproducibility of the Dynamic Evaluation Method of Lower Limb Joint Alignment with Parallel Feet (MADAAMI-P), a simple video-based evaluation method using surface markers and a score sheet. The study was carried out in three stages: (1) the Dynamic Evaluation Method of Lower Limb Joint Alignment for dancers (MADAAMI) was adapted; (2) the content validity of the score sheet used in MADAAMI-P was checked; and (3) the intra- and inter-rater reproducibility were evaluated. Cohen's Kappa coefficient and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used in the statistical analysis to analyze the categories of the score sheet criteria and sum of the scores (a <0.05). The results showed that MADAAMI-P presents content validity satisfactory.

Resumo Nas regiões de momento negativo de vigas mistas contínuas pode ocorrer a flambagem lateral com distorção (FLD). A verificação à FLD pela ABNT NBR 8800:2008 tem como procedimento inicial determinar o momento crítico elástico que depende, dentre outros fatores, da distribuição do momento fletor no vão analisado, considerada por meio do parâmetro de modificação Cdist. Para avaliar a formulação analítica prescrita pela norma ABNT NBR 8800:2008, nesse trabalho, modelos numéricos em elementos finitos, que representam o comportamento à FLD de vigas mistas foram desenvolvidos. As diferentes condições de contorno apresentadas na ABNT NBR 8800:2008 foram verificadas, considerando duas modelagens distintas: modelo simplificado com um vão biapoiado e modelos com mais de um vão. Foi notado que os valores de Cdist da ABNT NBR 8800:2008 podem conduzir a resultados contrários à segurança, por isso, propõem-se, neste trabalho, novos valores para Cdist.

Abstract In hogging bending moment regions of continuous composite beams the collapse by lateral-distortional buckling (LDB) can occur. The design against LDB according to ABNT NBR 8800:2008 begins with the determination of the elastic critical moment, which depends, among other factors, of the distribution of the bending moment in the analyzed span, taken into account in the formulation through the modification parameter Cdist. To assess the analytical formulations prescribed by ABNT NBR 8800:2008, numerical FE models that simulate the LDB behavior of continuous steel-concrete composite beams were developed in this paper. The different boundary conditions presented in ABNT NBR 8800:2008 were checked using two different models: a simplified model, with a single simply supported span; and models with multiple internal supports and more than one span. It was observed that the Cdist values prescribed by ABNT NBR 8800:2008 can be unsafe, and therefore new values for Cdist are proposed in this paper.

Resumo A atividade mineradora pode apresentar potenciais riscos radiológicos em decorrência da presença de radionuclídeos primordiais associados aos minérios explorados. No nordeste brasileiro, as mineradoras de caulim estão estabelecidas principalmente na região da Província Pegmatítica Borborema-Seridó localizada entre os estados da Paraíba e do Rio Grande do Norte. O minério da caulinita traz agregado materiais formados por elementos das séries do U-238 e Th-232, além do K-40. A presença desses radioisótopos naturais pode conferir elevados níveis de radiação ionizante associados ao material extraído das minas. A UNSCEAR divulga a dose efetiva média mundial de exposição às fontes naturais de radiação como 2,42 mSv.a-1. Estudos nacionais e internacionais demonstraram que a atividade radioativa do caulim pode exceder os valores médios mundiais. Este estudo objetivou o mapeamento radiométrico das áreas de exploração do caulim na região do Seridó devido à proximidade com jazidas de urânio. Foi utilizado um detector cintilador de NaI (Tl) para realizar as medições de taxa de dose efetiva nas proximidades de quatro minas da região e foram obtidos valores que variaram entre 1,37 a 2,94 mSv.a-1. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a necessidade de uma abordagem mais profunda como a obtenção de amostras de solo e rocha para outras análises.

Abstract The mining activity may have potential radiological hazards due to the presence of primordial radionuclides associated with the exploited ore. In northeastern of Brazil, kaolin mining companies are mainly located in the region of Borborema-Seridó Pegmatitic Province located between the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. The kaolinite ore brings aggregate materials formed by elements belonging to the series of U-238 and Th-232, beyond K-40. The presence of these natural radioisotopes can confer high levels of ionizing radiation associated with the material extracted from the mines. The UNSCEAR reports the global average effective dose of exposure to natural sources radiation as 2.42 mSv.y-1. National and international studies have shown that the activity of kaolin may exceed the global averages. This study aimed the radiometric mapping of kaolin exploration areas in the Seridó region due to its proximity to uranium deposits. A scintillator detector of NaI (Tl) was used to perform effective dose rate measurements in the vicinity of four mines in the region, and values that ranged from 1.37 to 2.94 mSv.y-1 were obtained. The results suggest a need for a deeper approach such as obtaining soil and rock samples for more analyzes.

Methodologies to obtain quinoxaline compounds regioselectively are rarely reported in literature, thus regioselective and multi-gram methodologies to obtain these derivatives are desirable to explore the entire potential of these scaffolds for academic and/or commercial application. A facile and multi-gram methodology is described to obtain compound 7-nitroquinoxalin-2-amine using o-phenylenediamine, a cheap and readily available reactant, as starting material in a five-step procedure in good yields and high purity without further purification such as crystallization or column chromatography.

ABSTRACT The geo-environmental zoning represents an important strategy in the territorial management. However, it requires a logical and structured procedure. Therefore, an approach using physiographic compartmentalization is proposed and applied as case study in a region covered by the topographic maps of São José dos Campos and Jacareí, Brazil. This region has great geological and geomorphological peculiarities, beyond being a place with large human interventions because of its quickly economic growth. The methodology is based on photointerpretation techniques and remote sensing in GIS environment. As a result, seven geo-environmental zones were obtained from a weighted integration by multicriteria analysis of physiographic units with land-use classes. In conclusion, taking into account potentialities and limitations, the proposed approach can be considered able to support sustainable decision-making, being applicable in other regions.