ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the agreement of clinical and radiographic diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis in fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. Material and Methods: An analytical and exploratory study was made based on systematic collected data, carried out in the laboratory of surgical pathology of a public Dental School. There were evaluated cases of fibrous dysplasia (FD), cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) and ossifyng fibroma (OF), diagnosed by clinical, radiographic (panoramic and periapical radiography), and histopathological analysis, in a period of 12 years (from March 2001 to June 2013). Descriptive and inferential statistics (Fisher's exact test) were obtained. Results: Ninety-six cases of FOLs were evaluated. The radiographic aspects of the FOLs studied did not differ significantly (p=0.09). Radiolucent lesions were the least frequent, corresponding to approximately 13.5% of radiographic findings. Mixed lesions and radiopaques were more present, how they were COD and FD, respectively. The more aggressive variation of OF (Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma - JOF) was less frequent among the pathologies evaluated. In approximately 61.46% of the cases clinical and radiographic diagnosis were confirmed by histopathological diagnosis of FOLs. The highest agreement and the highest disagreement were observed in COD cases (40.7% and 62.2%, respectively). Conclusion: FOLs of the maxillaries represent a group of lesions in which the establishment of the clinical and radiographic diagnosis supported by the histopathological confirmation is critical and challenging.

Abstract Purpose: To compare bone regeneration in critical-sized defects in rat calvarium using demineralized bone matrix and calcium phosphate cement. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. Two defects of 5-mm were made in the parietal bones of each animal. Group I had calcium phosphate cement placed in the experimental defect, Group II had filled with demineralized bone matrix and Group III had with the combination of the matrix and cement in equal parts. All animals had one defect left unfilled to serve as controls. Five animals in each group were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis was used to quantify the amount of new bone within the defects. Results: The results showed that demineralized bone matrix-treated defects had significantly more new bone at 4 weeks compared to calcium phosphate cement-treated defects (p=0.03) and also had significantly more new bone at 8 weeks compared to unfilled defects (p=0.04). Conclusions: The demineralized bone matrix was superior to calcium phosphate cement in bone regeneration. It seems that calcium phosphate cement acted by inhibiting the osteogenesis when associated with a demineralized bone matrix and this combination should not be recommended.

RESUMO Objetivo: Localizar mastócitos em lesões periapicais (granulomas e cistos) através de técnicas histoquímicas e corante azul de toluidina. Métodos: Uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, transversal e retrospectiva foi realizada. As amostras foram obtidas de documentos histopatológicos nos arquivos do laboratório de patologia cirúrgica da Universidade de Pernambuco entre Novembro de 2014 e Março de 2015. Resultados: Dezesseis casos de granuloma e 21 casos de cistos periapicales foram selecionados. As lâminas coradas foram analisadas por dois examinadores em tempos diferentes, em um estudo duplo-cego. Mastócitos foram encontrados em 13 (61,9%) dos casos de cistos periapicales, localizados na cápsula da lesão. Nos granulomas periapicais, mastócitos foram encontrados em oito casos (50%), localizados no tecido de granulação. Conclusão: Mastócitos foram detectados tanto em cistos quanto em granulomas periapicais, localizados na cápsula e no tecido de granulação respectivamente. Os mastócitos estavam mais presentes nos cistos do que nos granulomas periapicais.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to locate mast cells in chronic periapical lesions (granulomas and cysts) by using histochemical techniques and toluidine blue staining. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective research was performed. The sample was obtained from histopathological reports in the archives of the laboratory of surgical pathology of the University of Pernambuco between November 2014 and May 2015. Results: Sixteen cases of granuloma and 21 cases of periapical cysts were selected. The stained slides were analyzed by two examiners at different times, in a double-blind study. Mast cells were found in 13 (61.9%) of the periapical cyst cases, located in the capsule of the lesion. In the periapical granuloma cases, mast cells were found in eight cases (50%), located in the granulation tissue. Conclusion: Mast cells were detected in both cysts and periapical granuloma, located in the capsule and granulation tissue, respectively. Mast cells were more prevalent in periapical cysts than in periapical granuloma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of particulate (granule-shaped) SCB on bone repair relating it to its biocompatibility and bone neoformation. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were submitted to a one 7-mm-diameter defect and divided equally into three experimental groups, with two different postoperative times of evaluation, 90 and 120 days. Each calvaria defect was filled up with clot (control group), particulated autogenous bone or granulated SCB. Five animals of each group were assessed at 90 and 120 days after surgery. In these two periods, histological and histometric analysis were obtained. RESULTS: The clot group showed a bone resorption trend while the autogenous bone group a bone repair trend. However in the SCB group, the critical defect filled up only with fibrous connective tissue and presented none bone neoformation. CONCLUSION : The sugarcane biopolymer when used in critical size defects was a biocompatible material and proved to be a good material to fill bone cavities, keeping them as uniform areas filled with soft tissue and avoiding the tissue shrinkage.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a regeneração óssea de defeitos críticos em calota craniana de ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 18 ratos Wistar que foram distribuídos em três grupos de acordo com o tempo de avaliação (15, 30 e 60 dias). Na calota craniana desses animais foi realizado defeito de 5mm, após anestesia geral prévia. Após o tempo de avaliação, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e a calota foi enviada para estudo histológico, quando foi classificada de acordo o tecido encontrado: fibroso ou ósseo. RESULTADOS: Diante dos achados deste estudo, pode-se observar que para o grupo de 15 dias na maioria dos animais, n=5, foi encontrado apenas fibrose. Com o passar do tempo de avaliação, no grupo de 30 dias, o processo de reparo foi evoluindo e em quatro animais já foi encontrado osso, sendo em três com preenchimento parcial e em um completo. No grupo de 60 dias, o processo praticamente permaneceu o mesmo, onde em três animais foi encontrado osso, e, desses, em dois o preenchimento foi completo. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve regeneração óssea do defeito crítico para o período de avaliação de 15 dias. Houve regeneração óssea em grande parte dos animais para o período de avaliação de 30 e 60 dias.

PURPOSE: To evaluate bone regeneration in critical defects in the rats' calvarium. METHODS: Eighteen rats Wistar were divided into three groups of six animals each according to the time of evaluation (15, 30 and 60 days). One calvarium defect of 5mm was made in the parietal bone of each animal under general anesthesia. After the time of evaluation, the animals were killed, when the bone was histological studied and classified according to the type of tissue found: fibrosis or bone. RESULTS: The results showed that in the group of 15 days, in five animals there was only fibrosis. In the group of 30 days, the process of regeneration was growing and in four animals was found bone, in three with partial filling and in the other one with complete filling of the defect. In the group of 60 days, out of the three animals with bone, two had a complete filling of the defect. CONCLUSIONS: There was no bone regeneration in critical defects in 15 days. There was regeneration in the most part of the animals in 30 and 60 days.

This study investigated the immunodetection of PTCH in epithelial components of dental follicles associated with impacted third molars without radiographic signs of pathosis. One hundred and five specimens of dental follicles associated with impacted third molars with incomplete rhizogenesis (between Nolla's stage 6 and 9) were surgically removed from 56 patients. Epithelial cell proliferation was determined by using immunohistochemical labeling. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher exact test and a level of significance of 5%. Of the 105 dental follicles collected, 3 were PTCH-positive. The specimens with squamous metaplasia and epithelial hyperplasia had higher rates of positivity for PTCH, as well as those with active remnants of odontogenic epithelium. This study suggests that the odontogenic cells of the dental follicle might be proliferating during the rhizogenesis, while the squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia of the epithelial lining and proliferative odontogenic epithelial rests show the differentiation potential of dental follicles.

Se investigó la inmunodetección de PTCH en los componentes epiteliales de los folículos dentales asociados a terceros molares retenidos sin signos radiográficos y morfológicos de patología. Fueron quirúrgicamente extraídos de 56 pacientes 105 muestras de folículos dentales asociadas a terceros molares retenidos con rizogénesis incompleta (entre el estadio de Nolla 6 y 9). La proliferación de células epiteliales se deteminó mediante inmunohistoquímica. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. De los 105 folículos dentales recogidos, 3 fueron PTCH-positivos. Las muestras con metaplasia escamosa e hiperplasia epitelial tuvieron mayores tasas de positividad para PTCH, así como aquellos con los restos de proliferación del epitélio odontogénico. En conclusión, este estudio sugiere que las células odontogénicas del folículo dental podrían estar proliferando durante la rizogénesis, mientras que la metaplasia escamosa e hiperplasia del epitelio y de restos epiteliales odontogénicos en proliferación muestran el potencial de diferenciación de los folículos dentales.

O nevo é uma má-formação congênita pigmentada, raramente encontrado na mucosa bucal. Cerca de 1/3 dos casos localizados nesta região anatômica são do tipo azul, uma variante histológica com considerável tendência à malignização. Este artigo relata o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, tabagista crônico, portador de um nevo azul de 5 cm de diâmetro no palato duro. A excisão da lesão sem biópsia prévia foi a conduta terapêutica de eleição para o caso, uma vez que ainda existe controvérsia na literatura a respeito da realização de biópsia incisional em lesões pigmentadas malignas ou com potencial de malignização. O paciente foi acompanhado por um período de 2 anos, sem sinais de recorrência ou transformação maligna

Nevus is a congenital pigmented malformation rarely found in the oral mucosa. Around one third of cases located in this anatomical region are of the blue type, a histological variant with considerable tendency to malignancy. This study reports the case of a male patient, chronic smoker, with a blue nevus measuring 5cm in diameter on the hard palate. Since controversy exists in the literature regarding the incisional biopsy of pigmented lesions with malignant or malignant potential, excision without previous biopsy of the lesion was the therapy of choice for this case. The patient was followed-up for two years with no sign of recurrence or malignant transformation

Os materiais de fosfato de cálcio, pelas características de biocompatibilidade e osteocondução, estão sendo estudados como substitutos ósseos. OBJETIVO: Comparar histomorfometricamente o reparo ósseo promovido pela cerâmica bifásica de hidroxiapatita, cimento fosfato de cálcio e enxerto ósseo autógeno. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Prospectivo e experimental em laboratório. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram criadas duas cavidades (esquerda e direita - teste e controle) de 5mm de diâmetro nos ossos parietais de 72 ratos Wistar. As cavidades testes GI, GII, GIII e GIV foram preenchidas com cimento fosfato de cálcio, cerâmica bifásica de hidroxiapatita, enxerto ósseo autógeno e coágulo sanguíneo. Os animais foram sacrificados aos 30, 60 e 90 dias e os espécimes avaliados histomorfometricamente. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram maior formação óssea no período de 30 dias para o GIII quando comparado aos outros grupos testes. Nos períodos de 60 e 90 dias, a neoformação óssea foi mais acentuada nos grupos testes GI, GII e GIII, alcançando maiores áreas em GI e GII. Em todos os períodos de avaliação, as cavidades testes GII apresentaram maiores áreas frente às GI. CONCLUSÃO: Os biomateriais foram superiores ao enxerto autógeno no reparo ósseo

Because of its biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties, calcium-phosphate cement has been used as bone surrogate. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to do a histomorphometric comparison of bone regeneration using hydroxyapatite biphasic ceramic, calcium-phosphate cement and autogenous bone graft. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective and laboratorial experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two 5mm in diameter cavities (left and right - test and control) were made in the parietal bone of 72 rats. The GI, GII, GIII and GIV test cavities were filled with calcium-phosphate cement, biphasic ceramic hydroxyapatite, autogenous bone graft and blood. The animals were killed at 30, 60 and 90 days and the specimens underwent histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that autogenous bone graft treated defects had significantly more new bone at 30 days compared to other test groups. Within 60 and 90 days, bone formation was more significant in the test groups GI, GII and GIII; GI and GII encompassed larger areas. Throughout the evaluation periods, GII tests showed more bone formation when compared to GI. CONCLUSIONS: Biomaterials depicted a significantly increase in bone content, when compared to autogenous bone graft, concerning bone regeneration

This study investigated the immunodetection of PCNA in epithelial components of dental follicles associated with impacted third molars without radiographical and morphological signs of pathosis. A total of 105 specimens of dental follicles associated with impacted third molars with incomplete rhizogenesis (between Nolla's stage 6 and 9) were surgically removed from 56 patients. Epithelial cell proliferating was determined by using immunohistochemical labeling. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test. Of the 105 dental follicles collected, 6 were PCNA-positive ( 6%). The specimens with squamous metaplasia and epithelial hyperplasia had higher rates of positivity for PCNA, as well as those with proliferative remnants of odontogenic epithelium. In conclusion, this study shows that dental follicles at this stage of development have low proliferative potential, but suggests that squamous metaplasia, hyperplasia of the epithelial lining and presence of proliferative odontogenic epithelial rests in the connective tissue may be early signs of developing lesions of odontogenic origin.

Se investigó la inmunodetección de PCNA en los componentes epiteliales de los folículos dentales asociados a terceros molares retenidos sin signos radiográficos y morfológicos de la patología. Fueron extraídos quirúrgicamente, de 56 pacientes, 105 muestras de folículos dentales asociados a terceros molares retenidos con rizogénesis incompleta (entre los estadíos de Nolla 6 y 9) La proliferación de células epiteliales se deteminó mediante inmunohistoquímica. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. De los 105 folículos dentales recogidos, 6 fueron PCNA-positivos ( 6%). Las muestras con metaplasia escamosa e hiperplasia epitelial tuvieron mayores tasas de positividad para PCNA, así como aquellos con restos de proliferación del epitelio odontogénico. En conclusión, este estudio mostró que los folículos dentales en esta etapa del desarrollo tienen un potencial proliferativo bajo, pero sugiere que la metaplasia escamosa, la hiperplasia del epitelio y la presencia de restos epiteliales odontogénicos, en proliferación en el tejido conectivo, pueden ser signos tempranos de lesiones en el desarrollo de origen odontogénico.

The ameloblastoma is a tumor originated from odontogenic epithelium, characterized by local invasion and increased rates of recurrence. Methods: The 17-year retrospective study was based on existing data from the archives of Oral Pathology Department. Files of patients of January 1992-May 2009 with a definitive diagnostic of ameloblastoma were assessed. Information regarding gender, race, presence of symptoms, anatomic location and extent was documented. Results: Within the 60 patients with ameloblastoma observed, the age peak of tumor incidence was the third decade of life (28.3 %). Females were more prominent than males, with a ratio 1.22:1. The majority of lesions were showed in Caucasians patients (51.7 %). The most prevalent site for tumor occurrence was the mandible (85 %). Symptomatic patients performed a total of 75 %. The majority of patients had lesions from 3.5 to 6.0 cm of extension (55 %). Conclusions: The ameloblastoma is more observed in females, in the third decade of life and in the mandible. The differences with other studies between gender, age, race, extent, anatomic location and symptoms can be attributed to geographic variations.

El ameloblastoma es un tumor de epitelio odontogénico, caracterizado por la invasión local y aumento de la tasa de recidiva. Por esto se realizó este estudio descriptivo para determinar el comportamiento de los ameloblastomas en nuestro medio. Método: estudio retrospectivo de 17 años basado en los datos existentes de los archivos del Departamento Oral de Patología. Se analizaron los archivos de pacientes de enero de 1992 a mayo de 2009, con un diagnóstico definitivo de ameloblastoma. Fué recogida la información respecto al sexo, raza, presencia de síntomas, ubicación anatómica y extensión. Resultados: dentro de los 60 pacientes con ameloblastoma se observó, mayor incidencia en la tercera década de vida (28,3 %). Las mujeres fueron más comprometidas que los hombres, con una proporción 1,22:1. La mayoría de lesiones fueron observadas en la raza blanca (51,7 %). El sitio más habitual por la ocurrencia de tumor fue la mandíbula (85 %). Los pacientes fueron sintomáticos en el 75 %. La mayoría de pacientes presentaron lesiones de 3,5 a 6,0 centímetros de extensión (55 %). Conclusiones: el ameloblastoma es mayormente observado en mujeres, en la tercera década de la vida y en la mandíbula. Las diferencias con otros estudios entre el sexo, la edad, raza, extensión, localización anatómica y los síntomas pueden ser atribuidos a las diferencias geográficas.

OBJETIVO: Descrever e avaliar a articulação temporomandibular de ratos sob o aspecto anatômico e histológico e realizar uma comparação entre esta articulação e a de humanos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados doze ratos adultos Wistar (12 articulações do mesmo lado). As seguintes estruturas anatômicas foram avaliadas de forma qualitativa: côndilo, disco, osso temporal, tecido retrodiscal e sinóvia. O estudo macroscópico e o microscópico da ATM humana foram baseados na literatura atual. RESULTADOS: A ATM é envolvida por uma fina cápsula, formada por tecido fibroso e cobertura sinovial. O ângulo mandibular é proeminente. A fossa glenoide é rasa, sem eminência articular. De acordo com os achados histológicos, a ATM é composta por diferentes tecidos, são eles a cabeça da mandíbula, a fossa mandibular e o disco fibrocartilaginoso. Uma camada de cartilagem hialina recobre a superfície articular do côndilo e do osso temporal. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os achados morfométricos e histológicos, a estrutura articular em ratos é, no geral, similar a articulação humana. Exceto que nesses animais não há eminência articular.

PURPOSE: To describe and evaluate normal rat temporomandibular joints from anatomic and histopathologic point of view and make a comparison between this joint in rats and humans. METHODS: Twelve male adult Wistar rats (12 same side joints) were used in this procedure. The following anatomical structures were histologically evaluated in a qualitative fashion: condyle, disc, temporal bone, retrodiscal tissue and synovia. The macroscopical and microscopic study of the human TMJ was based on the current literature. RESULTS: The TMJ is surrounded by a thin capsule, consisting of fibrous tissue, and a synovial lining. The mandibular angle has a prominent shape. The glenoid fossa is flat, with no eminences. Histologically, the TMJ is composed of different tissues that comprise the mandibular head, mandibular fossa and fibrocartilaginous disc. A layer of hyaline cartilage covers the articulating cortical condyle and temporal bone. CONCLUSION:Morphologically and histologically, the articular structure of rats is, on the whole, similar to that of humans. In these animals there is no articular eminence.

Os tumores odontogênicos são neoplasias que se desenvolvem exclusivamente nos ossos gnáticos, originando-se dos tecidos odontogênicos por proliferação de tecido epitelial, mesenquimal ou ambos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência de tumores odontogênicos em determinada instituição e comparar com outros estudos da literatura mundial. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo de coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: O material do estudo foi levantado a partir dos registros de pacientes com tumores odontogênicos, no período de janeiro de 1992 a março de 2007 (15 anos). Foram incluídos os casos de pacientes que se enquadravam na Classificação Histológica da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) de 2005. Foram analisados os indicadores gênero, faixa etária, localização anatômica, tipo histológico e presença de sintomatologia. RESULTADOS: Os tumores odontogênicos constituíram 4,76% dentre todas as lesões biopsiadas dentro do período estudado. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 30,7 anos, 57% dos pacientes eram do gênero masculino. O tumor odontogênico ceratocístico foi o tipo histológico mais prevalente (30%), seguido do ameloblastoma (23,7%). Quanto à presença de sintomatologia, 75,7% dos casos apresentaram-se assintomáticos. CONCLUSÃO: Os tumores odontogênicos parecem ter discreta predileção pelo gênero feminino, segunda e terceira décadas de vida, sendo mais freqüentes na mandíbula e, na maioria dos casos apresentam-se assintomáticos.

Odontogenic tumors are neoplasms that develops exclusively in the gnathic bones; they originate from odontogenic tissues, by epithelial or mesenchymal proliferation, or both. AIM: To evaluate the incidence of odontogenic tumors in a specific institution, and to compare these findings with other studies in the literature. STUDY FORMAT: A cross-sectional cohort retrospective study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The sample was obtained from the files of patients with odontogenic tumors diagnosed between January 1992 and March 2007 (15 years). Cases in which the diagnosis could be adapted to the new World Health Organization (WHO) of 2005 were included. Data such as gender, age, anatomical site, histological type and symptomatology were analyzed. RESULTS: Odontogenic tumors were 4.76% of all biopsied lesions within the studied period. The mean age was 30.7 years; 57% of the patients were male. The keratocystic odontogenic tumor was the most prevalent histological type (30%), followed by the ameloblastoma (23,7%). The rate of asymptomatic cases was 75.7%. CONCLUSION: Odontogenic tumors occurred more frequently in females, in the second and third decades of life, and more commonly in the mandible; most cases were asymptomatic.