ABSTRACT The objective of this work is the production and characterization of glass-ceramic with recycled glass powder and 4% (w/w) of cerium dioxide. Eleven groups were defined with conformation pressure of 11.6 and 25.8 MPa, and cerium dioxide addition. The sintering temperatures of 650, 675, 700 and 750 °C were used. The raw material was formed into a mold with a uniaxial pressure. The density was measured by the Archimedes principle. The water absorption of the groups was also determined, as linear contraction percentage and the crystalline structure. The flexural strength was obtained by the three-point bending test and the results analyzed by the Weibull analysis. The specimens presented density ranging from 1.99 to 2.38 g/cm3. Increasing the temperature provided an increase in the density of the specimens and the flexural strength. At higher sintering temperature, this behavior was not observed. The highest flexural strength was 63.55 MPa, obtained at the sintering temperature of 700 ºC, conformed with 25.8 MPa, only glass powder. The increase in the forming pressure favored crystallization. The addition of cerium dioxide favored for the increase density and the Weibull modulus, but decrease of the flexural strength.

The use of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors in metallurgical processing has increased interest due to the reduced environmental impact. Hence, the inhibitory effect of Aniba canelilla (Lauraceae) extract was studied in the corrosion of carbon steel in 1.0 mol∙L-1 hydrochloric acid solution. This acid is used during the surface treatment of steel processing. The carbon steel protection was observed by varying the extract concentration from 50 to 300 mg∙L-1. Polarization curves revealed that this extract acted as an adsorption inhibitor decreasing both anodic and cathodic current densities. A relatively high inhibition corrosion efficiency, close to 97%, was obtained with plant stem extracts by gravimetric measurements. Weight loss measurements showed that the extract remains active for at least 72 hours at room temperature. The adsorption process of this extract is properly represented by the Langmuir isotherm. Atomic force microscopy shows that inhibited acid medium produces a smooth surface.

Resumo Embalagens de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) pós-consumo foram coletadas e moídas. Após processamento em extrusora de rosca dupla, o material definido como PEAD reciclado (mistura de embalagens brancas, marfins e incolores) foi injetado e as propriedades mecânicas de resistência à tração e resistência ao impacto foram avaliadas e comparadas com uma amostra de PEAD comercial. A análise térmica, através da calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e a análise estatística dos resultados experimentais também foram conduzidas. Em relação à resistência à tração, a diferença entre as amostras de PEAD reciclado e PEAD comercial foram tão pouco expressivas que, dentro das condições experimentais adotadas, se pôde afirmar que o material reciclado é equivalente ao comercial. Por sua vez, o modelo cinético aplicado na análise térmica revelou que a amostra de PEAD comercial demonstra um processo de nucleação e crescimento dos cristais mais homogêneo e simples, embora a energia de ativação seja consideravelmente maior do que o das demais amostras de PEAD.

Abstract High density polyethylene (HDPE) post-consumption bottles were collected and milled. After processing in a twin screw extruder, material defined as recycled HDPE (mixture of white, ivory and colorless bottles) was injection molded and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and impact strength, were evaluated and compared with a commercial HDPE sample. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and statistical analysis of the experimental results were also carried out. Regarding tensile strength, difference between samples of recycled HDPE and commercial HDPE was so insignificant that, within the adopted experimental conditions, one might say that recycled and commercial materials are equivalent. In turn, kinetic model used in the thermal analysis showed that commercial HDPE presents process of nucleation and growth of crystals more simple and homogeneous, while activation energy is significantly higher than the other samples of HDPE.

Nesta investigação, diversos resíduos incolores ou coloridos pós-consumo de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) foram caracterizados através do índice de fluidez (MFI) e da calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). A equação de Avrami modificada por Jeziorny, e os modelos de Kissenger e Friedman foram utilizados para descrever a cinética de cristalização não-isotérmica das amostras. Foi verificado que os pigmentos presentes no PEAD têm diferentes habilidades nucleantes durante o processo de cristalização, bem como diferentes efeitos sobre a taxa de cristalização e a energia de ativação necessária para o transporte de segmentos macromoleculares para a superfície do cristal em crescimento.

In this study, miscellaneous uncolored and colored post-consumption high-density polyethylene (HDPE) scraps were characterized by melt flow index and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Avrami equation modified by Jeziorny, Kissenger and Friedman methods were employed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the samples. The colorants present in HDPE have different nucleating abilities during the crystallization process, as well as different effects upon the crystallization rate and the activation energy for the transport of macromolecular segments to the growing crystal surface.

Esse artigo apresenta a análise termodinâmica do ponto de vista do processamento cerâmico para a obtenção de niobatos de potássio. A análise realizada indicou as condições de pH em que seria possível produzir insumos cerâmicos fotoluminescentes por rotas de precipitação química. Para tanto foram consideradas as presenças dos elementos químicos Ca, La, K, Nb e Eu em meio aquoso à temperatura ambiente, que foram estudados considerando os parâmetros potencial e a solubilidade.

This work presents a thermodynamic analysis from ceramic processing point of view to obtain photoluminescent potassium niobate ceramic. The analysis carried out indicated the conditions of pH which the route of processing by chemical precipitation would be done. Therefore, the presence of chemical elements Ca, La, K, Nb and Eu in aqueous medium was considered on potential and solubility parameters at room temperature.