ABSTRACT The Megalopolis of Central Mexico experiences high levels above the Official Mexican Standard (NOM) of PM2.5, leading to various respiratory diseases ranging from acute symptoms to chronic illnesses such as asthma and lung cancer. It is crucial to measure PM2.5 levels accurately to warn the public about the risks of exposure to particulate matter. Unfortunately, the Megalopolis of Central Mexico has a shortage of monitoring sites, limiting data availability. This study addresses this issue using satellite data to develop a multiple linear regression model. Our model uses aerosol optical depth (AOD), relative humidity (RH), temperature (T), the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as independent variables to estimate PM2.5 concentrations in the region under study. The relationship between AOD and PM2.5 concentrations was found to be strongly influenced by RH and T. However, this effect is compensated for by a low PBLH (< 400 m), which enables AOD and PM2.5 measurements to be similar in magnitude. Our findings have important implications for estimating PM2.5 concentrations using satellite data. This study could help improve air quality monitoring in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico by providing more spatial and temporal data on particle concentrations in the atmosphere.

RESUMEN En la Megalópolis del centro de México frecuentemente se registran niveles de partículas suspendidas finas (PM2.5) superiores a la Norma Oficial Mexicana, causando diversas enfermedades respiratorias, desde síntomas agudos hasta asma y cáncer de pulmón. Por ello, la medición de PM2.5 es fundamental como primer paso para advertir a la población de los niveles de riesgo por exposición a las partículas. Desafortunadamente, la región central de México no cuenta con suficientes sitios de monitoreo, limitando la disponibilidad de datos. Este estudio aborda este problema al usar datos satelitales para desarrollar un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Nuestro modelo usa el espesor óptico de aerosoles (AOD por sus siglas en inglés), la húmedad relativa (RH), la temperatura (T), la capa límite planetaria (PBLH), y el índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) como variantes independientes para estimar las concentraciones de PM2.5 en la región de estudio. Se encontró que la relación entre el AOD y las concentraciones de PM2.5 estaba fuertemente influenciada por la RH y la T. Sin embargo, este efecto se compensa con una baja PBLH (< 400 m) que permite que las mediciones de AOD y las concentraciones de PM2.5 sean de magnitud similar. Los resultados de esta investigación tienen implicaciones importantes para estimar las concentraciones de PM2.5 con datos satelitales. Este estudio podría ayudar a mejorar el monitoreo de la calidad del aire en la Megalópolis del Centro de México al proveer mayor información temporal y espacial sobre la concentración de partículas en la atmósfera.

ABSTRACT Sweet potato is among the most important food crops in the world. Due to its high genetic diversity, this species has cultivars that can respond in different ways depending on mineral fertilization. Among the nutrients, phosphorus is related to physiological and biochemical processes that can influence the final quality of the product. This study aimed to assess the influence of P doses on the quality and bioactive compounds of sweet potato cultivars - Paraná, BRS Amélia, and BRS Cuia. The pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, soluble sugars, and the bioactive compounds - flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids - were evaluated. The P doses influenced sweet potato cultivars. The dose of 120 kg ha-1 promoted increments in the parameters pH, SS, TA, and SS/TA ratio for the cultivar BRS Cuia. The same dose promoted an increase in total soluble sugars for the cultivar BRS Amélia. P dose of 240 kg ha-1 promoted higher levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins in the cultivar Paraná, and there was an increase in carotenoid content at the dose of 60 kg ha-1.

RESUMO A batata-doce está entre as culturas alimentícias mais importantes do mundo. Por apresentar alta diversidade genética, essa espécie possui cultivares que podem responder de maneiras diferentes em função da adubação mineral. Dentre os nutrientes, o fósforo está relacionado com processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos que podem influenciar na qualidade final do produto. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de doses de P na qualidade e compostos bioativos de cultivares de batata-doce - Paraná, BRS Amélia e BRS Cuia. Foram avaliados o pH, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT, açúcares solúveis e os compostos bioativos - flavonoides, antocianinas e carotenoides. As doses de P influenciaram as cultivares de batata-doce. A dose de 120 kg ha-1 promoveu incrementos nos parâmetros pH, SS, AT e relação SS/AT para a cultivar BRS Cuia. A mesma dose promoveu incrementos nos açúcares solúveis totais para a cultivar BRS Amélia. A dose de 240 kg ha-1 promoveu maiores teores de flavonoides e antocianinas na cultivar Paraná, e houve aumento no teor de carotenoides na dose de 60 kg ha-1.

A new class of deep eutectic solvents (DES) was used in the extraction of levodopa (L-dopa) present in Mucuna cinerea, which has been termed “green” or “designer” solvents, with notable productive and economic/environmental benefits. The seeds of Mucuna cinerea were prepared and submitted to extraction with heating and agitation in a solvent mixture of DES with citric acid, urea, or glycerol. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which confirmed the efficiency of DES in extracting L-dopa. These extractions were carried out to determine the L-dopa extracts in DES with regard to the induction of cellular response activity, demonstrating the synergy between L-dopa and DES. The DES-glycerol extract exhibited a higher proliferative activity than commercial L-dopa after 24 h of treatment. The human glandular kallikrein-1 gene (hGK3) demonstrated higher expression in the treatment with the DES-urea, while the G protein-coupled receptor kinase-6 gene (GRK6) showed higher expression for all extracts compared to commercial L-dopa, with a higher value obtained for DES glycerol, followed by DES urea extract. The DES extraction method is therefore promising and unprecedented, confirming its possible use in the replacement of expensive solvents, supporting the use of ecologically viable DES in the extractions of other plant species.

ABSTRACT Peanut cultivation has national and global significance in agriculture and industry. Under water-limited conditions, its yield decreases to the extent that it compromises the success of the exploitation. This study focused on evaluating peanut crop yield and production components under full and deficit irrigation applied in the reproductive phase, to determine the impact of water supply on the yield of peanuts grown in the off-season in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiment was conducted for two years and followed a randomized blocks design with five irrigation levels distributed in strips, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of crop evapotranspiration replenishments from 100 to 10%. In the first year, under suitable temperatures, the maximum yield reached 3,922 kg ha-1 with the application of 277 mm of irrigation depth and decreased up to 35% with the lowest irrigation depth (48 mm). In the second year, suboptimal temperatures caused a delay in the growing cycle and caused a 33% reduction in crop yields. Despite the potential benefits of deficit irrigation in increasing water productivity, low temperatures pose a risk to peanut yield, especially during the off-season crop in the region.

RESUMO O cultivo do amendoim tem importância nacional e global na agricultura e na indústria. Em condições limitadas de água, sua produtividade diminui ao ponto de comprometer o sucesso da exploração. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o rendimento da cultura do amendoim e seus componentes de produção sob irrigação plena e deficitária aplicada na fase reprodutiva, para determinar o impacto do fornecimento de água no rendimento do amendoim cultivado na segunda época no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido durante dois anos e seguiu um delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco níveis de irrigação distribuídos em faixas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na reposição da evapotranspiração da cultura de 100 a 10%. No primeiro ano, sob temperaturas adequadas, o rendimento máximo atingiu 3.922 kg ha-1 com a aplicação de uma lâmina de irrigação de 277 mm e diminuiu em até 35% com a menor lâmina (48 mm). No segundo ano, temperaturas subótimas causaram atraso no ciclo de crescimento e casou redução de 33% na produtividade da cultura. Apesar dos potenciais benefícios da irrigação deficitária no aumento da produtividade da água, as baixas temperaturas representam um risco para o rendimento do amendoim na segunda safra.

Abstract Objective: The present study revisited three classification systems of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) (Chandler, Mortimore & Wormald, and Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima) and observed which of them presented the best clinical applicability. Methods: Clinical data and CT scan findings of patients with orbital infection were retrospectively collected. To compare the three classification systems, we revised and graded all CT images accordingly, and divided the patients into four groups: Eyelid cellulitis (EC), orbital cellulitis (OC), subperiosteal abscess (SA), and orbital abscess (OA). The groups were compared regarding the presence of sinus opacification, the need for hospitalization and/or surgical treatment, and the presence of further complications/sequelae. Results: 143 patients were included. The median number of sinuses involved in patients in the OC, SA, and OA groups was 2.0. ARS was rarely associated with signs of EC (present in both Chandler’s and Mortimore & Wormald’s classifications. The hospitalization rate was significantly lower in the EC group compared to the other three groups. Surgery was performed in all cases in the OA group, in 58.1% in the SA group, 19.4% in the OC group, and 12.5% in the EC group (p-value < 0.0001 ). Complications were present at higher rates in the OA group compared to the other three groups. Conclusions: ARS was rarely associated with Eyelid Cellulitis. The stratification in the other three groups showed to be clinically relevant. Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima's classification system proved valid, simple, and effective for categorizing orbital complications of ARS. Level of evidence: 3.

Resumen Tetranychus urticae Koch es la plaga más importante en el cultivo del rosal, ya que reduce la calidad de la producción e incrementa los costos de manejo, en consecuencia, los acaricidas se han utilizado ampliamente para su control. Por lo anterior se realizaron pruebas de susceptibilidad para la determinación de resistencia en hembras adultas de T. urticae a los acaricidas, abamectina, acequinocyl, clorfenapir y extracto de Cinnamomum zeylanicum J. Presl, sobre tres poblaciones de Tenancingo, Estado de México y una línea susceptible. La investigación se realizó en 2021 en el Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, para la evaluación de los plaguicidas se empleó la técnica de inmersión en hoja (IRAC, 2009). Los resultados demostraron que la población que presentó tendencia a desarrollar resistencia al plaguicida abamectina fue la L3 (Rancho Lizflor), mientras que las poblaciones L1 (Rancho Los Pilares) y L2 (Rancho Isoflor) se condujeron hacia el acaricida acequinocyl, por lo que se recomienda la disminución de las aplicaciones y rotación de plaguicidas de distinto grupo toxicológico. Para el resto de los plaguicidas no se reportó resistencia en ninguna de las poblaciones en estudio, por tal motivo se les puede considerar efectivos para el control de T. urticae en Tenancingo, Estado de México.

Abstract Tetranychus urticae Koch is the most important pest in rose crops, since it reduces the quality of production and increases management costs, consequently, acaricides have been widely used for its control. Therefore, susceptibility tests were performed to determine resistance in adult females of T. urticae to acaricides, abamectin, acequinocyl, chlorfenapyr, and extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum J. Presl, on three populations of Tenancingo, State of Mexico and a susceptible line. The research was carried out in 2021 in the Department of Agricultural Parasitology, the leaf immersion technique was used for the evaluation of the pesticides (IRAC, 2009). The results demonstrated that the population that showed a tendency to develop resistance to the pesticide abamectin was L3 (Rancho Lizflor), while the populations L1 (Rancho Los Pilares) and L2 (Rancho Isoflor) had a tendency towards the acaricide acequinocyl, so it is recommended to reduce the applications and rotation of pesticides of different toxicological group. For the rest of the pesticides, no resistance was reported in any of the populations under study, for this reason they can be considered effective for the control of T. urticae in Tenancingo, State of Mexico.

ABSTRACT The application of new management techniques with the objective of implementing in agriculture, such as the use of growth-promoting and/or plant-protecting microorganisms and micronutrients, appears as an alternative. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of Trichoderma atroviride in association with doses of B, analyzing the effects on nutritional contents, yield components and productivity. The study was carried out in the field, in a randomized block design in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, whose treatments were combined, consisting of foliar application of T. atroviride in three phenological stages (V5, R1 and R5) and no application (SEM), and five doses of B (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 g ha-1). The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and, when significant, the study of polynomial regression and Tukey’s test was carried out, followed by Pearson’s linear correlation analysis (p < 0.05). The use of the microorganism and doses of B did not result in a significant increase in the growth and productive yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), but the application of the micronutrient significantly increased the number of pods per plant and the foliar content of B. Positive correlations were observed between plant height and pod insertion height (r = 0.51***), pod with branches (r = 0.68***), grains with branches and pod (r = 0.69*** and 0.95*** respectively), as well as a negative correlation between 100-grain mass and plant height (r = -0.24*), and a non-correlation for yield and leaf content of B.

Abstract Objectives: To explain the high mortality of septic shock in children with cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort from 2016 to 2020, of children aged 0 to 18 years, and septic shock. Results: The authors included 139 patients. Acute lymphocytic leukemia was the most frequent diagnosis (16.5%), and Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequent blood culture isolates (22.3%). There were 57 deaths in ICU (41%), 10 in the first 24 hours of shock (early death). A LASSO model with variables: neutropenia (coefficient 0.215), respiratory (0.81), hematological (1.41), and neurological (0.72) dysfunctions, age (-0.002) and solid tumor recurrence (0.34) generated AUC = 0.79 for the early death outcome. Survivors had significant differences in the PRISM-IV score (mean ± SD 10.9 ± 6.2 in the survivors, 14.1 ± 6.5 in the deceased, p = 0.004), and in the mean number of organ dysfunctions (3.2 ± 1.1 in the survivors, 3.8 ± 6.5 in the deceased, p < 0.001). A positive fluid balance in the first 24 hours of sepsis between 2% and 6% of body weight showed a reduction effect on the probability of death in ICU (hazard ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.24–0.92, p = 0.027). The recurrence of any cancer was a predictor of in-hospital death, regardless of severity. Conclusions: Recurrence of any cancer is an important risk of sepsis-related death. A positive fluid balance between 20 and 60 mL/kg or 2% and 6% of body weight in the first 24 hours after the onset of sepsis is related to lower mortality.

ABSTRACT Objective: It is important to differentiate between problem and conflict in clinical practice, because the steps suggested in the problem-solving technique are usually not enough to help patients deal with conflicts. This systematic review aimed to: investigate how cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help in problem solving and conflict mediation; suggest a strategy that can improve conflict mediate skills (QPD). Methods: A search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of science (ISI) and Scopus. Prisma flow diagram was used and experimental articles were selected for full reading. Results: Three hundred and sixty four clinical trials applied problem solving, showing the effectiveness of this technique with other CBT strategies/interventions. CBT guide books: do not differentiate between problem and conflict; describe in detail problem solving steps, focusing on the customer’s perspective, the present moment and the use of logical reason; do not explore conflict mediation in the CBT. We suggest a strategy that can help in the mediation of conflicts: assisting in the collection/organization of information; improving communication – empathic and assertive; favoring choices that can cause the least possible harm to all parties in the conflict. Conclusions: There is detailed description of the steps to train therapists to apply problem solving. However, to improve therapeutic skills to mediate conflicts, clinical practices that have been frequently described/used in the contextual cognitive behavioral therapies may be necessary: psychological acceptance, mindfulness, understanding personal values, experiencing/considering emotion in decision making, activating compassion/self-compassion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Na prática clínica, é importante diferenciar problema e conflito, porque os passos sugeridos na técnica de resolução de problemas costumam não ser suficientes para auxiliar o cliente a lidar com conflitos. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivos: investigar como a terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) pode auxiliar na resolução de problemas e na mediação de conflito; sugerir uma estratégia que favoreça a melhor capacidade de mediar conflitos (QPD). Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science (ISI) e Scopus. O método prisma foi utilizado, e foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra artigos experimentais. Resultados: Trezentos e sessenta e quatro ensaios clínicos aplicaram a resolução de problemas, apontando a eficácia dessa técnica juntamente com outras estratégias/intervenções da TCC. Livros-guias de TCC: não diferenciam problema e conflito; descrevem detalhadamente passos para resolução de problemas, focando na perspectiva do cliente, no momento presente e no uso da razão lógica; não abordam a mediação de conflitos pela TCC. Sugerimos uma estratégia que pode ajudar na mediação de conflitos: auxiliando na coleta/organização de informações; melhorando a comunicação – empática e assertiva; favorecendo escolhas com o intuito de causar o menor dano possível a todas as partes envolvidas no conflito. Conclusões: Para treinar terapeutas para aplicarem a resolução de problemas, há descrição detalhada dos passos a serem seguidos. Entretanto, para capacitar os terapeutas para mediarem conflitos, práticas clínicas que têm sido frequentemente descritas/utilizadas nas terapias cognitivas contextuais podem ser necessárias: aceitação psicológica, mindfulness , entender valores individuais, vivenciar/considerar a emoção em tomadas de decisão, ativar a compaixão/autocompaixão.

RESUMO: Avaliamos em condições de campo a toxicidade de inseticidas previamente identificados como nocivos em bioensaios de laboratório e semicampo sobre o parasitóide Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Os experimentos foram conduzidos durante as safras 2019/20 e 2020/21 em lavouras de arroz. Seguindo as recomendações da International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC), quatro inseticidas foram aplicados em parcelas experimentais de 64 m2. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma liberação inundativa de T. pretiosum. Para verificar as taxas de parasitismo, aos 1, 2, 4 e 6 dias após a liberação (DAR) dos parasitoides, ovos do hospedeiro Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) foram ofertados. Após a determinação do número de ovos parasitados, os dados foram agrupados em um coeficiente de redução (Ex) para fornecer um resultado único para os efeitos dos inseticidas sobre o parasitoide. Tanto para as safras 2019/20 quanto 2020/21, verificou-se que em 2 DAR, ocorreram as maiores taxas de parasitismo. Em contraste, aos 6 DAR, não foram observadas taxas de parasitismo. Lambda-cialotrina, tiametoxam e zeta-cipermetrina foram classificados como moderadamente nocivos; tiametoxam + lambda-cialotrina foi classificado como prejudicial. Seguindo as diretrizes da IOBC, a toxicidade desses produtos em condições de campo é inferior à obtida em laboratório ou semi-campo para o T. pretiosum. Entretanto, esses inseticidas devem ser evitados, ou utilizados em momentos que não coincidam com a liberação ou presença do parasitoide a campo.

ABSTRACT: We evaluated under field conditions the toxicity of insecticides previously identified as harmful in laboratory and semifield bioassays on the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The experiments were conducted during the 2019/20 and 2020/21 harvests in rice fields. Following the recommendations of the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC), four insecticides were applied in 64 m2 experimental plots. Subsequently, T. pretiosum was released inundatively. To verify parasitism rates, at 1, 2, 4 and 6 days after release (DAR) of the parasitoids, eggs from the host Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were offered. After determining the number of parasitized eggs, the data were grouped into a reduction coefficient (Ex) to provide a single result for the effects of the insecticides on parasitoid. For both the 2019/20 and 2020/21 evaluated crops, it was found that at 2 DAR, the highest parasitism rates occurred. In contrast, in 6 DAR, no parasitism rates were observed. Lambda-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam, and zeta-cypermethrin were classified as moderately harmful; thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin was classified as harmful. Following IOBC guidelines, the toxicity of these products under field conditions is lower than that obtained in the laboratory or semi-field for the T. pretiosum. However, these insecticides should be avoided, or used at times that do not coincide with the release or presence of the parasitoid in the field.

THE ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT AND pH VARIATION: NATURAL LIMTS AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF THE ACIDIFICATION EFFECT ON PHOSPHORUS BIOAVAILABILITY. This study shows the variation of pH in the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (CIELC). Data from 3 years (2019, 2021, 2022) were obtained in 17 points presenting the following ranges: temperature (14.88-27.05 ºC), pH (7.16-8.40) and DIP (0.20-11.28 µmol L-1) along a saline gradient (0.05-32.09) under different hydrodynamics, biogeochemical processes and anthropogenic influence. The pH buffering capacity due to the presence of weak acid salts in saline water (S ≥ 30) was associated to the lowest DIP, decreasing with low salinity values, confirming the direct correlation among salinity and pH. The highest temperatures in the winter of 2021, corroborated with the abnormal climate event in that year. An in vitro experiment showed results of the interaction of PID and sediments with different textures, with and without the presence of the benthic microbiota under a considerable decreasing of the pH (acidification) in relation to the natural condition of this environment. The P sediment flux characterized Iguape sector as a P sink with or without biota, Ararapira sector as a P source with biota and Cananéia, as P source without biota. The salt water buffered the pH and sediment buffered DIP both associated to the biogeochemical and hydrodynamic processes contribute to the homeostasis in the system.

Abstract Estuaries are important ecosystems due to the ecological services they provide, acting as nurseries for many species of fish and invertebrates, and are also used as environments for the extraction and cultivation of mollusks. Oysters are animals that filter water to obtain oxygen and nutrients. In this process, they can bioaccumulate microorganisms and chemical substances in their tissues. The growth of mollusk culture in Northeastern Brazil requires the health identification of cultivated oysters through the quantification of the potentially harmful microbiota accumulated in the animals. Therefore, the present work aims to quantify and identify bacteria and possible pathogens found in the tissues of cultivated oysters and their culture waters. The Most Probable Number of Coliforms (MPN) in oysters and water were considered suitable according to the Brazilian current legislation, Vibrio sp. obtained low colonization and Salmonella sp. was not observed. The prevalence of microorganisms potentially pathogenic to oysters was 33.7%, highlighting metazoans and Nematopsis sp., however, the intensity of the infestation of these organisms was moderate. The low contamination of oysters demonstrates that this culture environment is promising for this activity. However, continuous environmental and sanitary monitoring is fundamental to guarantee the safety of the culture waters and the sustainability of aquaculture activities.

Resumo Os estuários são ecossistemas importantes devido a serviços ecológicos que fornecem, os quais conferem a função de berçário para muitas espécies de peixes e invertebrados, e também são utilizados como ambientes de extração e cultivo de moluscos. As ostras são animais que filtram a água para obtenção de oxigênio e nutrientes. Nesse processo podem bioacumular microorganismos e substâncias químicas em seus tecidos. O crescimento da malacocultura no Nordeste do Brasil fomenta a necessidade de identificar a sanidade das ostras cultivadas através da quantificação da microbiota potencialmente nociva acumulada nos animais. Portanto o presente trabalho visa quantificar e identificar bactérias e possíveis patógenos encontrados nos tecidos dos moluscos cultivados e nas suas águas de cultivo. O Número mais Provável de Coliformes (NMP) nas ostras e na água foram considerados próprios segundo as legislações vigentes, Vibrio sp. obteve baixa colonização e Salmonella sp. não foi observada. A prevalência de microorganismos potencialmente patógenos para as ostras foi de 33,7%, destacando como mais prevalentes os metazoários e Nematopsis sp., porém a intensidade da infestação desses organismos foi moderada. A baixa contaminação das ostras demonstra que este ambiente de cultivo é promissor para esta atividade. No entanto, o contínuo monitoramento ambiental e sanitário é fundamental para garantir a inocuidade das águas de cultivo e a sustentabilidade das atividades aquícolas.

Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) have been widely studied in the last 30 years, being fundamental for the development of instructional materials for learning that take into account the limitations in human working memory. Although relevant, we show the inexistence of both theories in the curricula of undergraduate courses in Physics. The contribution of this work is to highlight such a gap, thus contributing to discussions aming the incorporation of CLT and CTML in the curricula of Physics teacher education in federal and state universities in the country.

A Teoria da Carga Cognitiva (TCC) e a Teoria Cognitiva da Aprendizagem Multimídia (TCAM) têm sido largamente estudadas nos últimos 30 anos, sendo fundamentais para a elaboração de materiais instrucionais para a aprendizagem que levem em conta as limitações na memória de trabalho humana. Apesar da relevância da TCC e da TCAM, evidenciamos uma lacuna na abordagem a ambas as teorias nos currículos dos cursos de licenciatura plena em Física de universidades públicas brasileiras (federais e estaduais). Nosso objetivo, levantando essa questão, é contribuir com discussões que possam levar a TCC e a TCAM a serem incorporadas aos currículos de formação de professores de Física nas universidades do país.

The welding of metallic materials by the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method is a very attractive process for preserving their characteristics, especially for copper and its alloys that require high heat input and present many distortions by traditional methods. However, it is a great challenge to produce welds free of defects and maintain or improve their mechanical properties. In the current literature data on FSW parameters for copper and its alloys are scarce. In this study, tests were performed with a combination of four tool rotations (750, 850, 950, 1050 rev.min-1) and two welding speeds (20 and 60 mm.min-1), maintaining the tool inclination angle in 3° and waiting time of 5 seconds. The objective of this work is to analyze the microstructure and mechanical performance of lap joints of the UNS C19400 alloy joined by FSW. The process temperature was monitored to trace the heating profile of the process, in addition to microhardness and shear strength tests, in addition to optical microscopy for analysis. The joints welded by the parameters Ω 950 rev.mm-1 �� 20mm.min-1 obtained a mechanical performance of 73% compared to the characteristics of the base metal and despite the appearance of volumetric defects at the microstructural level, the metallurgical transformations of recovery and recrystallization of the grains observed in the microstructure played a key role in the result.

Abstract Background Chagas’ disease (CD) is an important cause of heart transplantation (HT). The main obstacle is Chagas’ disease reactivation (CDR), usually associated to high doses of immunosuppressants. Previous studies have suggested an association of mycophenolate mofetil with increased CDR. However, mortality predictors are unknown. Objectives To identify mortality risk factors in heart transplant patients with CD and the impact of antiproliferative regimen on survival. Methods Retrospective study with CD patients who underwent HT between January 2004 and September 2020, under immunosuppression protocol that prioritized azathioprine and change to mycophenolate mofetil in case of rejection. We performed univariate regression to identify mortality predictors; and compared survival, rejection and evidence of CDR between who received azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and those who changed from azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil after discharge (“Change” group). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Eighty-five patients were included, 54.1% men, median age 49 (39-57) years, and 91.8% were given priority in waiting list. Nineteen (22.4%) used azathioprine, 37 (43.5%) mycophenolate mofetil and 29 (34.1%) switched therapy; survival was not different between groups, 2.9 (1.6-5.0) x 2.9 (1.8-4.8) x 4.2 (2.0-5.0) years, respectively; p=0.4. There was no difference in rejection (42%, 73% and 59% respectively; p=0.08) or in CDR (T. cruzi positive by endomyocardial biopsy 5% x 11% x 7%; p=0.7; benznidazole use 58% x 65% x 69%; p=0.8; positive PCR for T. cruzi 20% x 68% x 42% respectively; p=0.1) rates. Conclusions This retrospective study did not show difference in survival in heart transplant patients with CD receiving different antiproliferative regimens. Mycophenolate mofetil was not associated with statistically higher rates of CDR or graft rejection in this cohort. New randomized clinical trials are necessary to address this issue.

Resumo Fundamento A Doença de Chagas (DC) é uma causa importante de transplante cardíaco (TC). O principal obstáculo é a reativação da DC (RDC), normalmente associada a altas doses de imunossupressores. Estudos anteriores sugeriram uma associação do micofenolato de mofetila com aumento na RDC. No entanto, preditores de mortalidade são desconhecidos. Objetivos Identificar os fatores de risco de mortalidade em pacientes com DC após o TC e o impacto do regime antiproliferativo sobre a sobrevida. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com pacientes chagásicos submetidos ao TC entre janeiro de 2004 e setembro de 2020, em protocolo de imunossupressão que priorizava o uso de azatioprina e sua mudança para micofenolato de mofetila em caso de rejeição. Realizamos regressão univariada para identificar preditores de mortalidade e comparamos sobrevida, rejeição, e evidência RDC entre os pacientes que usavam azatioprina, micofenolato de mofetila, e aqueles que mudaram de azatioprina para micofenolato (grupo “Mudança”) após a alta. Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Foram incluídos 85 pacientes, 54,1% homens, idade mediana 49 (39-57) anos, e 91,8% com prioridade na lista de espera. Dezenove (22,4%) usavam azatioprina, 37 (43,5%) micofenolato de mofetila, e 29 (34,1%) trocaram a terapia; a sobrevida não foi diferente entre os grupos, 2,9 (1,6-5,0) x 2,9 (1,8-4,8) x 4,2 (2,0-5,0) anos, respectivamente; p=0,4. Não houve diferença na taxa de rejeição (42%, 73% e 59% respectivamente; p=0,08) ou de RDC (T. cruzi positiva na biópsia endomiocárdica 5% x 11% x 7%; p=0,7; uso benzonidazol 58% x 65% x 69%; p=0,8; PCR positiva para T. cruzi 20% x 68% x 42% respectivamente; p=0,1). Conclusões Este estudo retrospectivo com pacientes com DC e TC não mostrou diferença na sobrevida entre os diferentes regimes antiproliferativos. O uso de micofenolato de mofetila não foi associado com taxas significativamente mais altas de RDC ou rejeição do enxerto nesta coorte. Novos ensaios randomizados são necessários para abordar essa questão.