Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees to seal honeycomb, which has been used in folk medicine due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In the present study, water and methanol were used to extract phenols and flavonoids from propolis collected in thirteen different areas in the Algarve region during the winter and spring. The ABTS•+, DPPH•, and O2•- scavenging capacity, and metal chelating activity were also evaluated in the propolis samples. Methanol was more effective than water in extracting total phenols (2.93-8.76 mg/mL) (0.93-2.81 mg/mL). Flavones and flavonols were also better extracted with methanol (1.28-2.76 mg/mL) than with water (0.031-0.019 mg/mL). The free radical scavenging activity, ABTS (IC50=0.006-0.036 mg/mL), DPPH (IC50=0.007-0.069 mg/mL) and superoxide (IC50=0.001-0.053 mg/mL), of the samples was also higher in methanolic extracts. The capacity for chelating metal ions was higher in aqueous extracts (41.11-82.35%) than in the methanolic ones (4.33-29.68%). Propolis from three locations of Algarve region were richer in phenols and had better capacity for scavenging free ABTS and DPPH radicals than the remaining samples. These places are part of a specific zone of Algarve known as Barrocal.

Teniendo en cuenta que la enfermedad crónica mantiene una prevalencia bastante elevada, se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada de estudios indexados en las bases de datos SciElo, LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed, Nursing Reference Center, PEPsic, Medline, ScienceDirect y PsycoInfo, publicados entre 2001 y 2010, relacionados con el tema del bullying en niños con enfermedades crónicas en los que se procuró comprobar si los niños con enfermedades crónicas sufren más del bullying que los niños sanos. Para guiar la revisión se utilizaron las palabras de búsqueda: “niño”, “bullying”, “necesidades especiales”, “enfermedad crónica”, “victimización”, “violencia”, “agresión” y “daños psicológicos”, tras lo cual se identificaron 97 artículos de los cuales se seleccionaron 40, se localizaron 10 y se utilizaron 6. Los resultados de la búsqueda fueron analizados de acuerdo con el tema investigado y los aspectos metodológicos clasificados. Los principales tópicos tratados en los estudios fueron la incidencia del bullying, las distintas formas de bullying y la quiebra del silencio por parte del niño. Los estudios analizados muestran la relación entre el hecho de que el niño sea portador de enfermedad crónica y que sea víctima de bullying, tras compararlos con el grupo de niños sanos. Los estudios revelaron que existen diferencias significativas entre tener o no una enfermedad crónica y ser víctima de bullying.

Constatando-se que a doença crónica na criança apresenta uma prevalência bastante elevada realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico sistematizado de estudos indexados nas bases de dados SciElo, LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed, Nursing Reference Center, PEPsic, Medline, PsycoInfo e ScienceDirect, publicados entre 2001 e 2010, relativos ao tema bullying nas crianças com doença crónica no qual se procurou verificar se as crianças portadoras de doença crónica são mais vítimas de bullying do que as crianças saudáveis. Para orientar a revisão utilizaram-se as palavras de pesquisa: “criança”, “bullying”, “necessidades especiais”, “doença crónica”, “vitimização”, “violência”, “agressão” e “danos psicológicos” tendo-se identificado 97 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 40, localizados 10 e utilizados 6. Os resultados da pesquisa foram analisados de acordo com o tema investigado e os aspetos metodológicos categorizados. Os principais tópicos abordados nos estudos foram a incidência do bullying, as diferentes formas de bullying e a quebra de silêncio por parte da criança. Os estudos analisados fazem a relação entre o facto de a criança ser portadora de uma doença crónica e ser vítima de bullying fazendo a comparação com o grupo de controlo, o das crianças saudáveis. Os estudos revelaram que existem diferenças significativas entre ser ou não portador de doença crónica e ser vítima de bullying.

Awareness of the very high prevalence of chronic illness in children led us to carry out a systematic literature review of studies indexed in the databases SciElo, LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed, Nursing Reference Center, PepsiCo, Medline, PsycoInfo and ScienceDirect published between 2001 and 2010, related to the topic bullying in Children with Chronic Illness, in which we tried to determine whether children with a chronic illness are more likely to be victims of bullying than healthy children. To guide the review we used the search words “child,” “bullying”, “special needs”, “chronic disease”, “victimization,” “violence”, “aggression” and “psychological damage”, and identified 97 articles, 40 of which were selected, 10 were located and 6 were used. The results were analyzed according to the topic investigated and the methodological aspects were categorized. The main topics covered in the study were the incidence of bullying, different forms of bullying and breaking of silence by the child. The studies analyzed identified a relationship between the fact that the child has a chronic illness and being bullied by comparing a control group of healthy children. Studies have shown that there are significant differences between having chronic illness and being a victim of bullying.

The objective of this research is to understand the experiences of women victims of domestic and family violence, understanding the use of the Maria da Penha Law as a form of empowerment. Also, develop a social context and help to spread the knowledge of viable methods to combat it, especially the Maria da Penha Law. It is known that violence against women is the result of individual characteristics, contextual and environmental factors that, if present, increase the possibility. Are cited the ages, marital status or personality of individuals, living habits and the abuse of alcohol and illicit drugs, the social integration of the family involving low income, poor education and unemployment, or the role of gender in family relationships -- either present or historical in families. The goal is to help enrich the repertoire of the violence against women, offering subsidies for the establishment of public policies in several areas to minimize the problems of violence.