Abstract Napier grass is a perennial tropical forage that is used in beef and dairy production systems. Despite its significance in animal nutrition, molecular information available, such as microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, is limited. Using an assembled transcriptome, 50 novel SSR markers were developed, of which 21 were found to be polymorphic. These polymorphic markers were tested for DNA fingerprinting of Embrapa cultivars, five of which revealed distinct allele patterns for cultivar identification. SSR markers 05, 17, and 44 identified a unique pattern in the BRS Kurumi cultivar. The BRS Capiaçu cultivar was identified using SSR markers 17, 43, and 44. The Pioneiro cultivar exhibited a rare fragment amplification pattern using SSR marker 46, while SSR marker 44 revealed a distinct allele in the BRS Canará cultivar. SSR marker panels could be utilized as DNA fingerprinting tools to assist in cultivar identification.

Abstract Pasture is the main food source for more than 200 million cattle heads in Brazil. Although Brazilian forage breeding programs have successfully released well-adapted, high-yielding cultivars over the years, the use of genomic tools in these programs is currently limited. These tools are required to tackle the main challenges for tropical forage breeding in Brazil. In this context, this notes lists the main research priorities raised at the workshop “Breeding Forages in the Genomic Era”, which are necessary to accelerate the use of genomic tools for next-generation breeding of tropical forages and allow breeders to increase genetic gains. Additionally, an online discussion forum (hosted at http://www.cnpgl.embrapa.br/genfor) has been launched to strengthen collaborations among research groups. The research priorities and more synergistic collaborations will assist researchers and decision-makers in delivering a sustainable increase in production of animal products, especially beef and milk, which are required to feed a rising world population.

Este trabalho foi realizado para estimar a diversidade genética de 30 acessos de capim-elefante utilizando-se marcadores moleculares. Amostras de DNA genômico de cada acesso foram obtidas para realização da amplificação por PCR utilizando a técnica de marcadores RAPD. Foram utilizados 20 primers aleatórios que geraram 88 bandas de DNA de alta intensidade e reprodutíveis (64 bandas polimórficas e 24 monomórficas). Os acessos foram agrupados pelo método UPGMA com base na estimativa das distâncias genéticas. Os grupos de acessos Porto Rico, Santa Rita e IJ-7136 cv. EMPASC 307 e; Mineiro e Mineiro Ipeaco apresentaram distância genética nula entre si, comprovando tratar-se do mesmo material genético com designação diferente. Alguns pares de acessos apresentaram distância genética mínima, como Napier e Mineiro ou Mineiro Ipeaco (0,01); P 241 Piracicaba e Guaçu / IZ2 (0,01); Capim Cana D'África e Vrukwona (0,02); Merker Comum e Merker Comum de Pinda (0,03), indicando tratar-se de genótipos com estreito grau de parentesco. A maior distância genética foi obtida entre os acessos Mercker Comum de Pinda e Napier X 23A (0,34). Os resultados indicam que existe variabilidade genética entre os acessos e que as estimativas de distância genética podem ser utilizadas como critério para seleção de genitores em programas de melhoramento desta gramínea forrageira.

This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity among Elephantgrass accessions using molecular markers. DNA samples of 30 accessions were obtained to perform PCR amplification using RAPD technique. Twenty random primers were used to obtain 88 high intensity and reproducible DNA bands (64 were polymorphic and 24 were monomorphic). Accessions were grouped by genetic distance estimates using UPGMA clustering. Genetic distances among Porto Rico, Santa Rita, IJ-7136 cv EMPASC 307; Mineiro and Mineiro Ipeaco accessions were null, suggesting that they are genetically the same although labeled with different names. Genetic distances were minimum between the pairs of accessions Napier and Mineiro or Mineiro Ipeaco (0,01); P 241 Piracicaba and Guaçu / IZ2 (0,01); Capim Cana D'África and Vrukwona (0,02); Merker Comum and Merker Comum de Pinda (0,03) and indicate that their genotypes are closely related. The largest genetic distance (0,34) was observed between the Mercker Comum de Pinda and Napier X 23A accessions. Overall, the results indicate genetic variability among accessions and suggest that genetic distance may be used as an auxiliary criterion of selection in breeding programs of elephantgrass genotypes.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a associação dos polimorfismos dos genes bGH, IGF-1 e PIT-1 com características de peso e ganho de peso numa população F2 de bovinos (Gir x Holandês), pela técnica de PCR-RFLP. As freqüências alélicas A e B, do gene PIT-1, e dos genótipos AA, AB e BB, nas populações parentais foram semelhantes entre si, mas diferentes das freqüências nas populações cruzadas F1 e F2, para esse gene. Quanto ao gene bGH, os animais da raça Holandesa apresentaram freqüência de 100% para o alelo E e os animais da raça Gir, 92% para o alelo F, resultando em alta freqüência de indivíduos heterozigotos nas populações F1 e F2. Quanto ao gene IGF-1, todos os animais da raça Holandesa eram heterozigotos (AB) e, nos animais Gir, a maioria dos indivíduos foi de homozigotos (AA), o que resultou em alta freqüência do alelo A nas populações F1 e F2. Foram encontradas associações significativas do alelo A do gene PIT-1 com as características de peso aos 60, 205, 365 dias e ganho de peso do nascimento aos 60 dias. Em bGH, observou-se efeito significativo do alelo E para peso aos 365 dias e ganho de peso do nascimento aos 60 dias, enquanto o efeito do alelo A do IGF-1 foi significativo somente para peso ao nascimento. Os alelos identificados podem ser usados como marcadores no melhoramento animal.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the association between polymorphisms of bGH, IGF-1 and PIT-1 genes with weight and weight gain traits in a bovine F2 population derived from Holstein x Gyr crosses, using the PCR-RFLP technique. Allelic frequencies A and B of PIT-1 gene and AA, AB, and BB genotypes were similar between parental populations but different from F1 and F2 crossed populations. For the bGH gene, Holstein animals showed allelic frequency of 100% for E allele, while Gyr animals showed allelic frequency of 92% for F allele, resulting in high frequency of heterozygous animals in F1 and F2 populations. For the IGF-1 gene, all Holstein were heterozygous (AB) and most Gyr were homozygous (AA), resulting in a high frequency of A allele in F1 and F2 populations. Significant associations were found between PIT-1 allele A with traits weight at 60, 205 and 365 days and weight gain from birth to 60 days. For IGF-1, significant association was found between A allele and birth weight. For bGH gene, significant associations were found between E allele and 365 days weight and weight gain from birth to 60 days. The selected alleles could be used as markers in animal breeding for these traits.

The effect of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) locus on animal health may be due to a direct action of its alleles on immune functions, whereas its indirect effect on production traits might be explained by the better general health conditions of more productive animals. In the present study, the BoLA-DRB3 gene was investigated in 1058 cows belonging to seven Brazilian Gyr Dairy herds (Bos indicus, Zebu cattle). A total of 37 alleles were identified, 15 of them described for the first time in a Zebu breed. A highly significant association (p < 0.02) was observed between allele *54 and a decrease (-26.1 kg) in milk protein yield and there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between this allele and lower (-26.07 kg) milk fat yield. There was also a significant association (p < 0.05) between allele *6 and decreased (-12.47 kg) milk protein and allele *7 and increased (12.72 kg) milk protein. There were also indications of association (p < 0.10) between somatic cell score (SCS) and alleles *3 (SCS increased by 0.54 units) and *31 (SCS increased by 0.46 units). The highly significant association of allele *54 with lower protein yield suggests the possible use of this allele in marker-assisted selection programs.