RESUMO O vitiligo é a doença crônica adquirida despigmentante mais comum da pele e/ou da mucosa. Entretanto, o vitiligo do tipo não classificado e subtipo de mucosa afetando apenas uma área da mucosa é considerado bastante incomum. O diagnóstico de vitiligo, independentemente do seu tipo, é clínico. No entanto, o uso de um dispositivo que permite a visualização da fluorescência tecidual pode ser útil para a confirmação do diagnóstico de vitiligo. Apresentamos o uso do dispositivo de exame complementar de fluorescência óptica de campo amplo para o diagnóstico de um caso incomum de vitiligo de mucosa localizado apenas em ângulos da boca.

SUMMARY Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting, chronic acquired disease of the skin and mucosa. However, vitiligo of an unclassified type and mucosal subtype affecting only one area of the mucosa is considered quite uncommon. The diagnosis of vitiligo, regardless of its type, is clinical. Nonetheless, a device that allows the visualization of the tissue fluorescence may be useful for confirming the diagnosis. We present the use of wide-field optical fluorescence device for complementary examination and diagnosis of unusual cases of mucosal vitiligo located only in angles of the mouth.

Abstract: Cutaneous tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, comprising 1-2% of cases. Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or related strains, it presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, mimicking other chronic dermatoses and leading to delayed diagnosis. A case of scrofuloderma is reported, whose diagnosis and treatment were only made six years after onset of the disease.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease and its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Recent studies have suggested that the chronic inflammatory nature of psoriasis may predispose to an association with other inflammatory diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVES: To describe the demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of a sample of psoriasis patients; to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in this group of patients; and to identify the cardiovascular risk profile using the Framingham risk score. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving the assessment of 190 patients. Participants underwent history and physical examination. They also completed a specific questionnaire about epidemiological data, past medical history, and comorbidities. The cardiovascular risk profile was calculated using the Framingham risk score. RESULTS: Patients' mean age was 51.5 ± 14 years, and the predominant clinical presentation was plaque psoriasis (78.4%). We found an increased prevalence of systemic hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Increased waist circumference was also found in addition to a considerable prevalence of depression, smoking, and regular alcohol intake. Patients' cardiovascular risk was high according to the Framingham risk score, and 47.2% of patients had moderate or high risk of fatal and non-fatal coronary events in 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Patients had high prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities, and high cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham risk score. Further epidemiological studies are needed in Brazil for validation of our results.

Erythema dyschromicum perstans ou dermatose cinzenta é enfermidade cutânea adquirida, rara, de evolução crônica, caracterizada por máculas acinzentadas, com bordas eritematosas. A etiologia ainda é desconhecida, não havendo tratamento definido para a afecção. Apresenta-se um caso desta dermatose em paciente de 41 anos, com lesões disseminadas no tronco e membros.

Dyschromicum erythema perstans, or ashy dermatosis, is a rare chronic acquired skin disease characterized by gray hyperpigmented patches with erythematous borders. Its etiology is unknown and there is no specific treatment for the condition. We report a case of ashy dermatosis in a 41-year-old patient with extensive lesions on the trunk and limbs.

A síndrome KLICK é uma genodermatose rara, autossômica recessiva, caracterizada pela associação de queratodermia palmo-plantar difusa e transgressiva, com esclerodactilia, placas hiperqueratóticas lineares localizadas preferencialmente em flexuras e ictiose congênita. Não há alterações em fâneros ou mucosas, assim como sintomas sistêmicos associados. O tratamento consiste no uso de queratolíticos tópicos e retinóides orais

Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenita and sclerosing keratoderma (KLICK) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive skin disorder characterized by the association of diffuse, transgressive palmoplantar keratoderma with sclerodactyly, linear hyperkeratotic plaques generally located in flexures, and congenital ichthyosis. The patient is physically and mentally healthy and has no history of any problems related to teeth, nails, hair or mucous membranes. Treatment is based on the use of topical keratolytics and oral retinoids

O nevo de Becker se manifesta como uma mácula hipercrômica, localizada predominantemente no tronco anterior ou região escapular, e frequentemente associada à hipertricose. A coexistência do nevo de Becker e anormalidades cutâneas, músculo-esqueléticas ou maxilo-faciais corresponde à síndrome do nevo de Becker. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente de 16 anos, portadora desde os sete anos de mácula hipercrômica, localizada no tronco ântero-lateral direito, estendendo-se até a face medial da coxa direita, acompanhada de hipoplasia mamária ipsilateral. O exame anatomopatológico confirmou a hipótese clínica de nevo de Becker.

Becker's nevus is a hyperpigmented macula that is predominantly located on the anterior trunk or on the scapular region, frequently associated with hypertrichosis. The association of Becker's nevus with other cutaneous, musculoskeletal or maxillofacial anomalies has been called Becker's nevus syndrome. We report a case of a 16-year-old girl with a hyperpigmented macula which spread from her right anterolateral trunk to the inner part of her right thigh accompanied by ipsilateral mammary hypoplasia. The skin lesion started when the patient was seven years old when it was also noticed ipsilateral mammary hypoplasia. The histological exam confirmed the clinical hypothesis of Becker's nevus.

A elastose perfurante serpiginosa é dermatose perfurante primária incomum, frequentemente associada a determinadas doenças genéticas e caracterizada por eliminação transepidérmica de fibras elásticas. Relata-se um caso raro dessa dermatose em paciente feminina de 19 anos, portadora da síndrome de Down, que apresentava pápulas eritematoceratóticas em arranjo arciforme, localizadas no antebraço e joelho direitos, assintomáticas, com cinco anos de evolução. Após confirmação histopatológica, foi iniciado tratamento com crioterapia, ocorrendo remissão parcial das lesões.

Elastosis perforans serpiginosa is a rare, primary perforating dermatosis, frequently associated with certain genetic diseases and characterized by the transepidermal extrusion of elastic fibers. The present case report describes this dermatosis in a 19-year old female patient with Down's syndrome, who presented with asymptomatic erythematous, keratotic papules in an arciform pattern, located on her right forearm and knee, which had been present for five years. Following histopathological confirmation, treatment with cryotherapy was initiated, resulting in partial remission of the lesions.