Abstract This study investigated the renal function of soccer players after an entire game-season. Thirty-five athletes recruited to play for the Macae Futebol Clube were invited for this study, of which 18 athletes completed the entire game season. Blood and 24-hour urine were collected at the beginning (Pre-Season) and the end of the game season (Post-Season). Kidney functions were assessed by calculating the urinary excretion, clearance, and fractional excretion of the selected solutes. Plasma creatinine, sodium, total protein, and osmolality were lower in the Post-Season . In contrast, plasma urea was higher in the Post-Season period. Urinary excretion of urea was reduced while albumin excretion was higher in comparison to Pre-Season. The clearances of creatinine, total proteins, and albumin were higher in the Post-Season period. In accordance, the fractional excretion of albumin increased. On the other hand, the clearance and fractional excretion of urea was lower in the Post-Season period. These results show that soccer-associated exercise throughout the entire game-season induces kidney functions adaptations that may prevent dehydration in these athletes through increased urea reabsorption to conserve water. In addition, this data corroborates to increased glomerular permeability to plasma proteins, such as albumin, that soccer players may experience.

OBJETIVOS: reproduzir, experimentalmente, em ratos, por meio do inibidor da enzima óxido nítrico sintase (ONS - L-NAME), os achados histopatológicos correspondentes a estenose hipertrófica do piloro da infância (EHPI). MÉTODOS: para reproduzir o modelo de inibição de ONS na produção de EHPI, administrou-se L-NAME em ratas grávidas, a partir do 14º dia gestacional (grupo L-NAME), comparando-se com uma gestação de controle. Após o nascimento, todos os ratos do grupo L-NAME foram mantidos sob inibição da ONS até o 42º dia de vida, quando foram sacrificados. Os filhotes da gestação de controle, em que nenhuma droga foi administrada, foram também sacrificados com 42 dias de vida. Os animais e as vísceras foram analisados e pesados. A região pilórica foi preparada tecnicamente e observada em microscopia de luz. RESULTADOS: em comparação com os animais de controle, os L-NAME tiveram peso corporal e intestinal menor e peso gástrico maior. Nos animais L-NAME a microscopia de luz evidenciou hipertrofia da camada circular do músculo liso do piloro. CONCLUSÃO: este trabalho reproduziu um modelo experimental de estudo da estenose hipertrófica do piloro e comprovou, neste modelo, a associação da ausência da ON sintase na musculatura do piloro.

OBJECTIVE: To experimentally reproduce, in rats, the findings corresponding to the histopathology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHSP), using nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME). METHODS: L-NAME was administered to pregnant rats (L-NAME group), from the 14th gestational day on in order to reproduce the model of NOS inhibition in the production of IHSP. This group was then compared to control animals. After birth, all the animals in the L-NAME group were maintained under NOS inhibition until the 42nd day of life, when they were sacrificed. The control animals, which did not receive any kind of drug, were also sacrificed on the 42nd day of life. The animals and their internal organs were analyzed and weighed. The pyloric region was technically prepared and observed through light microscopy. RESULTS: The L-NAME group presented lower body and intestinal weight and higher gastric weight than the control group. Light microscopy revealed hypertrophy of the circular smooth muscle layer of the pyloric muscle in L-NAME animals. Conclusions: This work reproduced an experimental model of an IHSP study, confirming the effect of NOS blockade on the pyloric musculature. CONCLUSIONS: this work reproduced an experimental model of an IHSP study, confirming the effect of NOS blockade on the pyloricmusculature.