abstract background: the recovery of areas impacted by mining activities is a major challenge and requires knowledge of how the biological and biochemical processes of the soil as well as the establishment of plant species are affected by mining residue. in this work, the influence of deposition of iron mining mud and tailings on soil biochemical attributes and the initial development of tree seedlings was studied in a simulated event in the greenhouse. pots (n = 27) with natural soil (2.0 kg) received deposition (280 ml) of iron mining mud or tailings and by three-month was cultivated with urochloa decumbens. at the end of this period, part of the pots was sampled and the soil biochemical activities were evaluated. then tree seedlings (schinus terebinthifolius and eremanthus incanus) were planted and cultivated for a year, when then shoot (sdw) and roots (rdw) dry weight were evaluated. results: deposition of iron mining mud and tailings did not affect microbial biomass carbon or basal soil respiration, however both conditions reduced (p < 0.05) β-glucosidase activities by up to 30%, and the easy extractable glomalin by about 19%. in addition, the mud deposition reduced (p < 0.05) the sdw and rdw of s. terebinthifolius by about 21% and 24%, respectively. nevertheless, uruchloa decumbens and eremanthus incanus had no variation in dry weight production between treatments, so they have good ability to grow settle in soil affected by mining residue. conclusion: this study shows that the sequential planting of u. decumbens and e. incanus can be an alternative for use in environments with deposition of iron mining tailings.

RESUMO Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) podem apresentar comportamentos distintos, quando associados à mesma espécie de planta hospedeira, sendo necessário compreender sua ecologia, visando a otimizar o seu manejo e manutenção em banco de germoplama. Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes FMA associados a Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf, analisando-se o tempo de estabelecimento da simbiose, multiplicação de esporos e produção de proteína do solo relacionada a glomalina. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo 6 x 5 (cinco espécies de FMA, tratamento sem inoculação e cinco épocas de avaliação). Analisaram-se o crescimento das plantas, multiplicação de esporos, colonização micorrízica e produção de glomalina. A maior multiplicação de esporos ocorreu para Acaulospora longula e A. colombiana, apresentando maior colonização micorrízica aos 76 dias. A inoculação favoreceu o crescimento das raízes de U. brizantha a partir de 15 dias, altura das plantas e massa seca das raízes aos 60 dias e massa seca da parte áerea aos 90 dias, com destaque para espécies de Acaulospora. A inoculação com A. colombiana, A. longula e Paraglomus occultum promoveu incremento de glomalina aos 120 dias. Gigaspora margarita e P. occultum não atingiram a máxima colonização e multiplicação dos esporos, indicando ser necessário um período maior que 120 dias de cultivo dos FMA.

ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may exhibit distinct behaviors when associated with the same species of host plant, being necessary to understand their ecology, in order to optimize their management and maintenance in germplasm bank. This study aimed to evaluate different AMF associated with Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf by analyzing the symbiosis establishment time, spore multiplication and production of glomalin-related soil protein. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 6 x 5 arrangement (five AMF species, non-inoculated control treatment and five evaluation times). The following aspects were analyzed: plant growth, spore multiplication, mycorrhizal colonization and glomalin production. The highest number of spores occurred for Acaulospora longula and A. colombiana, exhibiting the highest mycorrhizal colonization at 76 days. The inoculation favored the root growth of U. brizantha at 15 days of cultivation, plant height and root dry matter at 60 days and shoot dry matter at 90 days, especially for the Acaulospora species. The inoculation with A. colombiana, A. longula and Paraglomus occultum resulted in increased glomalin at 120 days. Gigaspora margarita and P. occultum did not reach the maximum colonization and spore multiplication, indicating that a period of time longer than 120 days of cultivation is necessary.

RESUMO A estrutura é uma das propriedades mais importantes do solo, definida pelo arranjo das partículas e do espaço poroso formando agregados. Dentre os fatores biológicos que influenciam a formação e estabilização dos agregados no solo, destacam-se os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) através das hifas extrarradiculares e produção de glomalina. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar diferentes FMAs (Acaulospora colombiana, Acaulospora longula, Acaulospora morrowiae, Paraglomus occultum e Gigaspora margarita) associadas com Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf na estabilidade de agregados do solo. O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando Oxisol e areia lavada 2:1 (v/v) autoclavada, com sete tratamentos: cinco FMAs; tratamentos com plantas sem inoculação e com apenas o solo, com 5 repetições. O experimento foi conduzido durante 180 dias, avaliando: comprimento do micélio total (CMT); produção de proteína do solo relacionada à glomalina facilmente extraível (PSRG) no solo e nas classes de agregados; estabilidade dos agregados a seco e imersos em água, através do diâmetro médio geométrico (DMG) e diâmetro médio ponderado (DMP) dos agregados; e o índice de estabilidade de agregados (IEA). Observou-se que a inoculação favoreceu a agregação do solo com destaque para A. colombiana, que apresentou o maior DMG, CMT e produção de PSRG no agregados Ø>2,0mm e para. A. colombiana e A. morrowiae nos agregados com Ø<0,105mm, quando comparadas ao tratamento sem inoculação. Esses resultados mostram que há distinção dos efeitos dos diferentes FMAs no processo de formação e estabilidade dos agregados do solo.

ABSTRACT Soil structure, which is defined by the arrangement of the particles and the porous space forming aggregates, is one of the most important properties of the soil. Among the biological factors that influence the formation and stabilization of soil aggregates, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are distinguished due to extrarradicular hyphae and glomalin production. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate different AMF (Acaulospora colombiana, Acaulospora longula, Acaulospora morrowiae, Paraglomus occultum and Gigaspora margarita) associated with Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf on soil aggregate stability. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design, using an Oxisol and autoclaved sand 2:1 (v/v), with seven treatments: five AMF; and treatments with plants without inoculation and with only the soil, with 5 replicates. The experiment was conducted during 180 days and the following variables were evaluated: mycelium total length (TML); production of easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) in the soil and aggregate classes; stability of the dry and immersed in water aggregates through the mean geometric diameter (MGD) and the mean weighted diameter (MWD) of aggregates; and the soil aggregate stability index (ASI). It was observed that the inoculation favored soil aggregation, with a high incidence of A. colombiana, which presented the highest MGD, TML and GRSP production in the aggregates with Ø>2.0mm and for A. colombiana and A. morrowiae in the aggregates with Ø<0.105 mm, when compared to the treatment without inoculation. These results show that there is a distinction between the effects of different AMF on the formation and stability of soil aggregates.