Introduction Over the last recent years, the number of Q fever cases have has increased throughout the world. An epidemiological investigation was performed in the area in which the first molecular documentation of Q fever in Brazil was previously reported. Methods Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and PCR of Coxiella burnetii targeting the htpAB gene were performed in samples from 14 dogs (blood); 1 cat (blood); 10 goats (blood, milk, vaginal swab and anal swab); 3 sheep (blood); and 2 horses (blood). Results Two dogs, two sheep and five goats were seroreactive. DNA was amplified from 6 milk and 2 blood samples from goats and from dogs, respectively. The sequence of the amplicons exhibited 99% sequence similarity with the homologous sequence of the htpAB gene of C. burnetii RSA 331 (GenBank - CP000890). Conclusions The results confirm C. burnetii infection in animals in Rio de Janeiro and reinforce the need for the surveillance of Q fever in Brazil.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores associados á infestação por Amblyomma cajennense em equinos em duas microrregiões do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Equinos de 62 fazendas nos municípios das microrregiões de Itaguaí e Serrana foram avaliados entre janeiro e maio de 2009. Os animais foram inspecionados quanto á presença e ao nível de infestação destes carrapatos. As condições de criação e o manejo foram avaliados em cada propriedade, por um questionário epidemiológico. Dos 635 equinos avaliados, 41,6% apresentavam-se infestados por A. cajennense. Observou-se que as criações dos animais em regiões de baixas altitudes (OR=3,69, IC: 2,3-5,8), em propriedades com manejo zootécnico e sanitário insatisfatório (OR=5,92, IC: 3,8-9,2) e em sistema de criação extensivo (OR=4,25, IC: 2,1-8,5) foram fatores associados (p < 0,05) á infestação, sendo também relacionados á intensa infestação nos equinos. O uso de carrapaticida nos equinos também apresentou associação (p < 0,05) á infestação, sendo descritas pelos proprietários, diferentes condutas terapêuticas, em intervalos alternados de tratamento. Baixas altitudes, condição de manejo insatisfatória, criação extensiva e o uso inadequado dos produtos carrapaticidas são fatores associados á ocorrência de A. cajennense em diferentes níveis de infestação nos equinos dos municípios estudados.

The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with infestation by Amblyomma cajennense on horses in two microregions of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Horses on 62 farms in the municipalities of the Itaguaí and Serrana microregions were evaluated between January and May 2009. The animals were examined to determine the presence of ticks and infestation level. The animals' rearing and management were assessed on each farm property using an epidemiological questionnaire. Out of the 635 horses evaluated, 41.6% were infested with A. cajennense. It was observed that farms in low-altitude regions (OR=3.69; CI: 2.3-5.8), with unsatisfactory zootechnical and sanitary management (OR=5.92; CI: 3.8-9.2) and an extensive rearing system (OR=4.25; CI: 2.1-8.5) were factors associated with tick infestation (p < 0.05) and also with cases of high infestation on horses. Use of chemical acaricides on horses was also associated with infestation (p < 0.05); the owners described different therapeutic approaches with different treatment intervals. From the present study, low altitudes, unsatisfactory management, extensive rearing and inappropriate use of acaricide products were factors associated with occurrences of A. cajennense at different infestation levels on horses in these municipalities.

A dinâmica da infecção de B. bovis no carrapato-vetor B. microplus foi estudada em condições laboratoriais na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro no Laboratório de Protozoologia. Para tanto, foram examinadas 100 fêmeas ingurgitadas que se desprenderam naturalmente do hospedeiro vertebrado, sendo que 84 fêmeas apresentaram-se infectadas com esporocinetos de B. bovis, com a seguinte distribuição: 39%, 33%, e 12% nos dias 3, 4 e 5 de incubação, respectivamente. Foram obtidas amostras de ovos provenientes das fêmeas positivas para B. bovis, 100% das amostras de ovos estavam infectadas, apresentado a seguinte distribuição: 46,4%, 34,5%, 16,7% e 2,4% nos dias 4, 5, 6 e 7 de incubação, respectivamente. As freqüências acumuladas, tanto de fêmeas infectadas (84%) quanto de ovos infectados (100%) mantiveram-se até o 17° dia de incubação. De acordo com as freqüências acumuladas e o aumento do grau de infecção, conclui-se que amostras coletadas a partir do 5° e 7° dia de incubação, são ideais para o diagnóstico de B. bovis, em hemolinfa e ovos, respectivamente.

The dynamics of B. bovis infections in the tick-vector B. microplus, was studied in laboratory conditions at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Brazil.. To do it, 100 engorged females naturally droped from vertebrate host were examined. From this total 84 females showed infected with sporokinets of B. bovis, with the following distribution: 39%, 33% and 12% on days 3, 4 and 5 of incubation, respectivelly. Eggs samples were obtained from the positives ones to B. bovis females and 100% were infected, showed the follow distribution: 46.4%, 34.5%, 16.7% and 2.4% on days 4, 5, 6 and 7 of incubation, respectivelly. The accumulative frequencies, of infected females (84%) and infected eggs (100%), were kept until 17th days of incubation. According to the accumulatives frequencies and the increase of the degree of incubation, it was concluded that samples collect on days 5th to 7th of incubation, are the best for diagnosis of B. bovis in hemolymph and eggs, respectively.